behavioral sciences and psychology

1. BS Presentación
By
Wisha

3. Topics
What is conflict and frustration?
What is the concept of adjustment and
maladjustment?

4. Conflict
Definitions
A situation in which someone believes that
his or her own needs have been denied.
A painful emotional state which result from
a tension between opposed and
contradictory

5. Symptoms Of Conflict
Tensions.
No desire to communicate.
Work not done properly.
Disastrous meetings.
Anger occurs quickly and easily.
Failing productivity.
Slipping morale.
Absenteeism Accidents.

6. Slamming doors.
Shouting
Bad times.
Bad tempers are evident.
One or more of those involved frequently
calls in sick.
Accidents and errors become more
frequent.
Disagreements become more pronounced
(shouting, slamming doors, etc.)

7. Causes of Conflict
• Personality differences or clashes in
emotional needs may cause conflicts.
• Conflicts arise when two groups or
individuals interacting in the same
situation see the situation differently
because of different sets of settings,
information pertaining to the universe,
awareness, background, disposition,
reason or outlook.

8. Types of Conflict
Approach-
approach conflict
Avoidance-
avoidance conflict
Approach-
avoidance conflict

9. Management of Conflict
Five ways to manage conflict
1.Avoidance

10. 2. Competition
(I win, you lose)
Plus
• The winner is clear
• Winners usually
experience gains
Minus
• Establishes the
battleground for the next
conflict
• May cause worthy
competitors to withdraw or
leave the organization

11. 3. Accommodation
(I lose or give in)
Plus
• Curtails conflict
situation
• Enhances ego of the
other
Minus
• Sometimes
establishes a
precedence
• Does not fully engage
participants

12. 4.Compromise
(We both get something)
Plus
• Shows good will
• Establishes friendship
Minus
• No one gets what they
want
• May feel like a dead end

13. 5.Collaboration
(We both “win”)
Plus
• Everyone “wins”
• Creates good feelings
Minus
• Hard to achieve since no
one knows how
• Often confusing since
players can “win” something
they didn’t know they
wanted

14. Frustration
Definition
In psychology, frustration is a common emotional
response to opposition. Related to anger and
disappointment
Frustration is an emotion that occurs in situations
where a person is blocked from reaching a desired
outcome.

15. Causes of Frustration
1.External or
environmental
• Natural calamities:
• Social factors: norms and
rules of society
• Economics factors:
poverty, wage…
• Corruption
2. Internal or
personal
• Physical defeat and
abnormality
• Mental deficiency
• Conflicting desires
• Moral values
• High level of aspiration

16. Management of
Frustration
There are some ways to remove frustration
• Take a time out. ...
• Talk to someone who is familiar with your situation.
• Give yourself 24-hours to be “bad.” ...
• Do a productive and healthy task that distracts you.
• Talk to someone who is NOT familiar with your
situation.
• Take stock of the goodies in your life

17. Adjustment
• Continual process by which living
organism maintain a balance between it’s
need and the circumstances

18. Characteristics of Adjustment
• Adjustment helps us to keep balance between ours
needs and the capacity to meet these needs.
• Adjustment implies changes in our thinking and way
to the demands of the situation
• It gives us ability and strength to desirable changes
in the state of our environment
• Adjustment is phsychosociological as well as
psychological
• It is multidimensional
• Adjustment learn us happiness and contentment.

19. Well Adjusted Person
• Free from physical ailment.
• Psychological comfort.
• No psychological diseases or
depression, anxiety
• Social acceptance
• Self understanding about
assets & limitation
• Self respect
• Balanced level of aspiration
• Strong will power
• Healthy attitude and interest

20. • Emotionally controlled
• Intellectually developed
• Physically adjusted
• Awareness of one’s own
strengths and limitation
• Flexibility of his behavior
• Satisfaction of the basic needs
• Does not process critical or
fault- finding attitude
• Capable of struggling with odd
circumstances
• Realistic perception of the world
• An adequate philosophy of life

21. Maladjustment
• Maladjustment is degree of
disharmony between the
individual and the
environment
• Maladjustment results from
frustration and conflict.
• It indicates the failure of
the individual to adjust to a
situation.

22. Symptoms of Maladjustments
• Nervous disorders : fear,
anxiety, phobia
• Habits disorders: speech,
asleep
• Behavioral disorders:
unmanageable, aggression,
truancy
• Educational: backwardness,
indiscipline, concentration,
inability to keep jobs

23. Characteristics of maladjusted
person
1 withdrawn and timid- frequent withdrawal from difficult
situations make individual timid and weak in facing real life
situations
2 shy and self conscious- concern with their negative
evaluation
3 fearful- unpleasant agitation – hide from meeting
students of higher class
4 Anxious –anxiety describe the individuals level of emotion
5 Delusions- it is irrational belief –ie god responsible
6 extremely aggressive- leads to tendency to dominate in
the class- hurt herself - kick dogs, child beats her doll

24. 7 Tension – person does not feel inner freedom – strains
leads to muscle contradiction
8 High aspiration - person with high hope over future life
–when not achieved become unrealistic in life
9 Felling of inferiority - arising from the sense of
imperfection and incompletion –each time strive for
higher level development – adverse condition
10 Emotionally disturbed
11 Isolated
12 Sensitivity – maladjusted children are sensitive
13 Tamper tantrum when there is a bad tempered out
burst is known as tamper tantrum- if a child does not get
fair treatment , sympathy , freedom within a reasonable
time he feels maladjustment.

25. Assignment submitted to
Made by Wisha Asma Slp 1st Year