Memory and Intelligence
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The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
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Attention and concentration.
Thank you for the summary. I appreciate you taking the time to break down the key points.
Memory, Thinking and Intelligence
Memory involves encoding, storing, and retrieving information over time. There are different types of memory including sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Thinking allows people to model the world and deal with it according to their goals through processes like problem solving and decision making. Thinking can be associative like daydreaming or directed toward a goal. Intelligence refers to abilities like reasoning, learning from experience, and adapting to the environment. Theories of intelligence propose it involves multiple capacities like interpersonal skills and logical-mathematical abilities.
Memory theories
Memory involves three main processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding involves receiving input and transforming it into a code. Storage involves putting the encoded information into memory. Retrieval involves accessing stored information when needed. There are two main theories of memory formation: the information processing theory and the level of processing theory. The information processing theory views memory as operating similar to a computer, with information passing through sensory registers, short term memory, and long term memory. The level of processing theory suggests that deeper analysis and encoding of information at the semantic or meaning level leads to better memory compared to more shallow processing.
Instinct and Incentive Theory of Motivation
The document discusses the instinct theory of motivation, which proposes that animals and humans are innately programmed to perform certain complex behaviors that were evolutionarily adaptive for survival, such as a spider building a web. It states that according to instinct theory, all actions and thoughts can be traced back to innate instincts, and that a person's actions are the result of their biological programming's drive for survival. The document also introduces the incentive theory of motivation, which suggests that people are motivated to perform behaviors because of external rewards and incentives in the environment.
projective Techniques
Projective tests such as the Rorschach inkblot test, Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), and House-Tree-Person (HTP) test use ambiguous stimuli like inkblots or pictures to reveal hidden emotions and unconscious conflicts by analyzing subjects' responses. The Rorschach and HTP involve drawing interpretations while the TAT and other tests involve telling stories about pictures. These tests are used to assess personality traits, intelligence, and psychological disorders but require administration by trained professionals and subjective interpretation carries some risk of bias.
Theories of intelligence
This document discusses different theories of intelligence. It begins by noting there is no single agreed upon definition of intelligence and provides definitions from several psychologists. It then examines debates around whether intelligence is a single ability or composed of multiple abilities. Several modern theories are outlined, including Spearman's two-factor theory distinguishing general from specific intelligence, Cattell and Horn's fluid and crystallized intelligence, and Carroll's hierarchical model identifying one general ability along with broad and specific abilities. Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences proposing eight separate intelligences is also examined, along with criticisms and proper versus misuses of applying this theory in schools.
Memory
Memory involves the retention and recall of information and experiences. The hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebral cortex play key roles in memory processing and storage. There are different types of memory including short-term memory, long-term memory, sensory memory, declarative memory, and procedural memory. Methods for improving memory include recall, recognition, relearning, brain exercises, managing stress, good sleep, and not smoking. Aging can impact memory through changes in the hippocampus and loss of neurons and brain function over time. Forgetting and amnesia can result from brain damage or injury.
Theory of forgetting
This document discusses several theories of forgetting, including:
1. Decay theory proposes that memories fade over time due to lack of use or rehearsal.
2. Interference theory suggests that new learning can disrupt old memories through proactive and retroactive interference.
3. Retrieval failure theory argues that forgetting occurs when memories are still stored but cannot be accessed or retrieved due to the absence of appropriate retrieval cues. Contextual cues are important for successful memory retrieval.
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Attention and concentration.
Thank you for the summary. I appreciate you taking the time to break down the key points.
Memory, Thinking and Intelligence
Memory involves encoding, storing, and retrieving information over time. There are different types of memory including sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Thinking allows people to model the world and deal with it according to their goals through processes like problem solving and decision making. Thinking can be associative like daydreaming or directed toward a goal. Intelligence refers to abilities like reasoning, learning from experience, and adapting to the environment. Theories of intelligence propose it involves multiple capacities like interpersonal skills and logical-mathematical abilities.
Memory theories
Memory involves three main processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding involves receiving input and transforming it into a code. Storage involves putting the encoded information into memory. Retrieval involves accessing stored information when needed. There are two main theories of memory formation: the information processing theory and the level of processing theory. The information processing theory views memory as operating similar to a computer, with information passing through sensory registers, short term memory, and long term memory. The level of processing theory suggests that deeper analysis and encoding of information at the semantic or meaning level leads to better memory compared to more shallow processing.
Instinct and Incentive Theory of Motivation
The document discusses the instinct theory of motivation, which proposes that animals and humans are innately programmed to perform certain complex behaviors that were evolutionarily adaptive for survival, such as a spider building a web. It states that according to instinct theory, all actions and thoughts can be traced back to innate instincts, and that a person's actions are the result of their biological programming's drive for survival. The document also introduces the incentive theory of motivation, which suggests that people are motivated to perform behaviors because of external rewards and incentives in the environment.
projective Techniques
Projective tests such as the Rorschach inkblot test, Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), and House-Tree-Person (HTP) test use ambiguous stimuli like inkblots or pictures to reveal hidden emotions and unconscious conflicts by analyzing subjects' responses. The Rorschach and HTP involve drawing interpretations while the TAT and other tests involve telling stories about pictures. These tests are used to assess personality traits, intelligence, and psychological disorders but require administration by trained professionals and subjective interpretation carries some risk of bias.
Theories of intelligence
This document discusses different theories of intelligence. It begins by noting there is no single agreed upon definition of intelligence and provides definitions from several psychologists. It then examines debates around whether intelligence is a single ability or composed of multiple abilities. Several modern theories are outlined, including Spearman's two-factor theory distinguishing general from specific intelligence, Cattell and Horn's fluid and crystallized intelligence, and Carroll's hierarchical model identifying one general ability along with broad and specific abilities. Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences proposing eight separate intelligences is also examined, along with criticisms and proper versus misuses of applying this theory in schools.
Memory
Memory involves the retention and recall of information and experiences. The hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebral cortex play key roles in memory processing and storage. There are different types of memory including short-term memory, long-term memory, sensory memory, declarative memory, and procedural memory. Methods for improving memory include recall, recognition, relearning, brain exercises, managing stress, good sleep, and not smoking. Aging can impact memory through changes in the hippocampus and loss of neurons and brain function over time. Forgetting and amnesia can result from brain damage or injury.
Theory of forgetting
This document discusses several theories of forgetting, including:
1. Decay theory proposes that memories fade over time due to lack of use or rehearsal.
2. Interference theory suggests that new learning can disrupt old memories through proactive and retroactive interference.
3. Retrieval failure theory argues that forgetting occurs when memories are still stored but cannot be accessed or retrieved due to the absence of appropriate retrieval cues. Contextual cues are important for successful memory retrieval.
Perception
1) Sensation is the process by which sensory stimuli are received and transmitted to the brain, while perception is the interpretation of sensory information by the brain.
2) There are debates around whether our perceptions directly represent an external reality or are internal representations constructed by the brain.
3) Factors both internal and external to our psychological states can influence our knowledge and perceptions.
Khazina e-ruhaniyaat (nov'19)
7th issue of Volume 10. A magazine in urdu language mainly based on spiritual treatment and learning. Many topics on ISLAM, SUFISM, SOCIAL PROBLEMS, SELF HELP, PSYCHOLOGY, HEALTH, SPIRITUAL TREATMENT, Ruqya etc. A very useful magazine for everyone.
Maze learning Apparatus
Maze was invented at the Lab of Edmund Sanford in Clark University in 1898-1899. They (Sanford and his students) started ‘rats-in-mazes’ tradition (Goodwin, 2012).
1898-1899 में क्लार्क विश्वविद्यालय में एडमंड सैनफोर्ड की लैब में भूलभुलैया का आविष्कार किया गया था। उन्होंने (सैनफोर्ड और उनके छात्रों ने) भूलभुलैया-में-चूहे नामक परंपरा की (गुडविन, 2012) शुरुआत की
Memory and Cognition
This document discusses memory, cognition, and thinking. It covers the stages of memory including encoding, storage and retrieval. It describes the different types of memory like sensory, short-term and long-term. It discusses theories of thinking such as creative, analytical and critical thinking. It also covers problem solving strategies and cognition. The goal is to understand memory, improve memory, understand thinking processes, and learn problem solving techniques.
Memory
Memory can be classified into three types: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Sensory memory briefly stores perceptions and lasts less than a second. Short-term memory allows recall for seconds to minutes through rehearsal. Long-term memory can store information for days, weeks, or lifetime through encoding in the brain. Memory is also categorized as explicit (declarative) and implicit (non-declarative). The hippocampus plays an important role in memory formation and storage. Diseases like Alzheimer's and Korsakoff's syndrome can cause memory disorders.
Stages of memory encoding storage and retrieval
Memory involves three main stages: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Information is encoded using visual, acoustic, or semantic representations when it enters the memory system. It is then stored either in short-term memory (for up to 30 seconds) or long-term memory (which can last a lifetime). Retrieval involves accessing stored information through sequential ordering for short-term memory or associations for long-term memory. Many memory experiments are criticized for having low ecological validity since the laboratory setting and tasks like recalling word lists are artificial compared to real-world memory use.
Three processes of memory
Encoding, storage, and retrieval are the three main processes of memory. [1] Encoding involves converting information into a format that can be stored in memory, like converting a document into .pdf format. [2] Storage maintains the encoded information over time through rehearsal strategies like repetition or relating information to prior knowledge. [3] Retrieval locates stored information and brings it back into conscious thought, similar to accessing computer files.
Cognitive Psychology and information Processing
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The presentation contain the Thinking about Thinking and Language.
The process of thinking, types, problem solving, various bias, linguistic theories of thinking are included.
Cognitive psychology
Cognitive psychology is the study of how people think. This chapter outlines the history of cognitive psychology from its philosophical roots in Plato and Aristotle through approaches like structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, and Gestalt psychology. It describes the emergence of cognitive psychology due to challenges to behaviorism from researchers like Chomsky and Turing. The chapter then discusses common research methods in cognitive psychology like experiments, neuroimaging, self-reports, and computer modeling before concluding with key themes such as the interaction of cognitive processes and the need for diverse research methods.
chapter2-Cognitive-Neuroscience
The document discusses various methods used to study the human brain including postmortem studies, animal studies, and imaging techniques. Postmortem studies examine the brain after death to identify abnormalities associated with certain behaviors or conditions. Animal studies involve inserting microelectrodes into animal brains to monitor single neuron activity or selectively lesioning areas to observe functional deficits. Imaging techniques discussed include EEG, PET, fMRI and MRI which produce images of brain activity and anatomy. The document also outlines the main structures of the brain including the cerebral cortex, limbic system, midbrain, hindbrain and lobes.
short term memory (STM)
Short term memory is a kind of information relay system found between sensory memory and long term memory.
Memory and forgetting in psychology
The document discusses various aspects of memory and forgetting, including different types of memory like short-term and long-term memory, as well as different areas of the brain involved in memory. It also covers forms of amnesia, theories of forgetting like interference theory, and tips for improving memory like exercising, managing stress, and getting good sleep. Memory can decline with age due to changes in the brain and decreased brain function.
TTF.MTMTE.44
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Chapter 03 Basic Computer Components ~ Urdu Guide
This is an short essential guide about basic components of a Computer system in Urdu.
For more guides in Urdu:
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http://titanscomputer.blogspot.com
Social cognition
Social cognition involves how people think about themselves and the social world to make judgments and decisions. There are two types of thinking - automatic thinking which is quick and nonconscious, and controlled thinking which is deliberate and effortful. Schemas are mental structures that organize our knowledge about people and events. Schemas are useful but can also lead to biases as they influence what information we attend to and remember. Other cognitive shortcuts like heuristics and priming can also lead to errors in social cognition. Affect and cognition have a reciprocal relationship, as our feelings shape our thoughts and vice versa.
psychology of memory
Memory works through encoding, storage, and retrieval according to an information processing model. The Atkinson-Shiffrin model proposes that information moves from sensory memory to short-term memory and then long-term memory, though more recent models recognize additional processing in working memory and some automatic processing into long-term memory. Memories can be formed through effortful, explicit processing or implicit, automatic processing. Encoding involves strategies like chunking, mnemonics, rehearsal, deep processing, and relating information to oneself. Memories are stored throughout the brain in overlapping neural networks rather than isolated locations. Explicit and implicit memories are processed in different brain areas, and emotions can strengthen memory formation through the amygdala. Retrieval is affected
Memory
This document discusses different types of memory including short-term memory, long-term memory, procedural memory, priming memory, episodic memory, and semantic memory. It describes key aspects of memory such as encoding, storage, and retrieval. Different causes of memory loss are also outlined including alcohol blackout, dissociative fugue, Korsakoff's psychosis, post-traumatic amnesia, and repressed memory.
Human Memory (Psychology)
Sensory memory briefly stores perceptions and passes them to short-term memory. Short-term memory stores recently acquired information through working memory. Long-term memory securely stores information for long periods through explicit (declarative) memory of facts and episodic memory of experiences, and implicit (procedural) memory of skills. The three processes of memory are encoding, which converts information into a storable form; storage, where information resides in the brain over time; and retrieval, where the brain recalls previously learned information.
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Perception
1) Sensation is the process by which sensory stimuli are received and transmitted to the brain, while perception is the interpretation of sensory information by the brain.
2) There are debates around whether our perceptions directly represent an external reality or are internal representations constructed by the brain.
3) Factors both internal and external to our psychological states can influence our knowledge and perceptions.
Khazina e-ruhaniyaat (nov'19)
7th issue of Volume 10. A magazine in urdu language mainly based on spiritual treatment and learning. Many topics on ISLAM, SUFISM, SOCIAL PROBLEMS, SELF HELP, PSYCHOLOGY, HEALTH, SPIRITUAL TREATMENT, Ruqya etc. A very useful magazine for everyone.
Maze learning Apparatus
Maze was invented at the Lab of Edmund Sanford in Clark University in 1898-1899. They (Sanford and his students) started ‘rats-in-mazes’ tradition (Goodwin, 2012).
1898-1899 में क्लार्क विश्वविद्यालय में एडमंड सैनफोर्ड की लैब में भूलभुलैया का आविष्कार किया गया था। उन्होंने (सैनफोर्ड और उनके छात्रों ने) भूलभुलैया-में-चूहे नामक परंपरा की (गुडविन, 2012) शुरुआत की
Memory and Cognition
This document discusses memory, cognition, and thinking. It covers the stages of memory including encoding, storage and retrieval. It describes the different types of memory like sensory, short-term and long-term. It discusses theories of thinking such as creative, analytical and critical thinking. It also covers problem solving strategies and cognition. The goal is to understand memory, improve memory, understand thinking processes, and learn problem solving techniques.
Memory
Memory can be classified into three types: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Sensory memory briefly stores perceptions and lasts less than a second. Short-term memory allows recall for seconds to minutes through rehearsal. Long-term memory can store information for days, weeks, or lifetime through encoding in the brain. Memory is also categorized as explicit (declarative) and implicit (non-declarative). The hippocampus plays an important role in memory formation and storage. Diseases like Alzheimer's and Korsakoff's syndrome can cause memory disorders.
Stages of memory encoding storage and retrieval
Memory involves three main stages: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Information is encoded using visual, acoustic, or semantic representations when it enters the memory system. It is then stored either in short-term memory (for up to 30 seconds) or long-term memory (which can last a lifetime). Retrieval involves accessing stored information through sequential ordering for short-term memory or associations for long-term memory. Many memory experiments are criticized for having low ecological validity since the laboratory setting and tasks like recalling word lists are artificial compared to real-world memory use.
Three processes of memory
Encoding, storage, and retrieval are the three main processes of memory. [1] Encoding involves converting information into a format that can be stored in memory, like converting a document into .pdf format. [2] Storage maintains the encoded information over time through rehearsal strategies like repetition or relating information to prior knowledge. [3] Retrieval locates stored information and brings it back into conscious thought, similar to accessing computer files.
Cognitive Psychology and information Processing
Cognitive Psychology and Information Processing
This slideshow is all about cognitive psychology and how our brain process an infromation
Thinking and language
The presentation contain the Thinking about Thinking and Language.
The process of thinking, types, problem solving, various bias, linguistic theories of thinking are included.
Cognitive psychology
Cognitive psychology is the study of how people think. This chapter outlines the history of cognitive psychology from its philosophical roots in Plato and Aristotle through approaches like structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, and Gestalt psychology. It describes the emergence of cognitive psychology due to challenges to behaviorism from researchers like Chomsky and Turing. The chapter then discusses common research methods in cognitive psychology like experiments, neuroimaging, self-reports, and computer modeling before concluding with key themes such as the interaction of cognitive processes and the need for diverse research methods.
chapter2-Cognitive-Neuroscience
The document discusses various methods used to study the human brain including postmortem studies, animal studies, and imaging techniques. Postmortem studies examine the brain after death to identify abnormalities associated with certain behaviors or conditions. Animal studies involve inserting microelectrodes into animal brains to monitor single neuron activity or selectively lesioning areas to observe functional deficits. Imaging techniques discussed include EEG, PET, fMRI and MRI which produce images of brain activity and anatomy. The document also outlines the main structures of the brain including the cerebral cortex, limbic system, midbrain, hindbrain and lobes.
short term memory (STM)
Short term memory is a kind of information relay system found between sensory memory and long term memory.
Memory and forgetting in psychology
The document discusses various aspects of memory and forgetting, including different types of memory like short-term and long-term memory, as well as different areas of the brain involved in memory. It also covers forms of amnesia, theories of forgetting like interference theory, and tips for improving memory like exercising, managing stress, and getting good sleep. Memory can decline with age due to changes in the brain and decreased brain function.
TTF.MTMTE.44
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Chapter 03 Basic Computer Components ~ Urdu Guide
This is an short essential guide about basic components of a Computer system in Urdu.
For more guides in Urdu:
More free computer guides at:
http://titanscomputer.blogspot.com
Social cognition
Social cognition involves how people think about themselves and the social world to make judgments and decisions. There are two types of thinking - automatic thinking which is quick and nonconscious, and controlled thinking which is deliberate and effortful. Schemas are mental structures that organize our knowledge about people and events. Schemas are useful but can also lead to biases as they influence what information we attend to and remember. Other cognitive shortcuts like heuristics and priming can also lead to errors in social cognition. Affect and cognition have a reciprocal relationship, as our feelings shape our thoughts and vice versa.
psychology of memory
Memory works through encoding, storage, and retrieval according to an information processing model. The Atkinson-Shiffrin model proposes that information moves from sensory memory to short-term memory and then long-term memory, though more recent models recognize additional processing in working memory and some automatic processing into long-term memory. Memories can be formed through effortful, explicit processing or implicit, automatic processing. Encoding involves strategies like chunking, mnemonics, rehearsal, deep processing, and relating information to oneself. Memories are stored throughout the brain in overlapping neural networks rather than isolated locations. Explicit and implicit memories are processed in different brain areas, and emotions can strengthen memory formation through the amygdala. Retrieval is affected
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Memory
This document discusses different types of memory including short-term memory, long-term memory, procedural memory, priming memory, episodic memory, and semantic memory. It describes key aspects of memory such as encoding, storage, and retrieval. Different causes of memory loss are also outlined including alcohol blackout, dissociative fugue, Korsakoff's psychosis, post-traumatic amnesia, and repressed memory.
Human Memory (Psychology)
Sensory memory briefly stores perceptions and passes them to short-term memory. Short-term memory stores recently acquired information through working memory. Long-term memory securely stores information for long periods through explicit (declarative) memory of facts and episodic memory of experiences, and implicit (procedural) memory of skills. The three processes of memory are encoding, which converts information into a storable form; storage, where information resides in the brain over time; and retrieval, where the brain recalls previously learned information.
Psychology- Memory
1. The multi-store model of memory proposes that memory consists of three main stores: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.
2. Sensory memory briefly stores sensory information, short-term memory can hold information for seconds to minutes, and long-term memory stores information indefinitely.
3. The working memory model updated the multi-store model by proposing two slave systems - the phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad - that actively maintain information in short-term memory under the control of a central executive.
Memory,intelligence,AI and Web Design
This document discusses memory and intelligence. It begins by defining memory as the ability to encode, store, and retrieve information over time. It describes the different types of memory, including sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. It then discusses theories of intelligence, ways to measure intelligence like IQ tests, and characteristics of those with high or low intelligence. The document also explores applications of artificial intelligence like natural language processing, computer vision, and expert systems. It concludes by discussing the potential benefits of AI.
Brain and Memory.ppt
The document discusses the relationship between vibration, consciousness, and the brain/memory. It states that vibration and consciousness are intimately connected on all levels of manifestation, from the highest to the physical. Particular vibrations produce corresponding perceptions or states of consciousness. Consciousness can also influence matter by initiating particular vibrations. The human brain has six hierarchical levels that have emerged, and the brain and universe are inseparable. Memory formation depends on changes in synaptic functioning and connectivity at different levels.
Personality development and mental health (Psychology 1)
The document discusses theories of personality development and mental health. It covers several theories:
1) Type theories that classify people into types based on physique (like endomorph, mesomorph, ectomorph) or behavior (extrovert/introvert).
2) Trait theories that identify common and unique personality traits.
3) Developmental theories including Freud's psychosexual stages from oral to genital and how fixation can occur if development is arrested.
The document provides details on founders of these theories like Sheldon, Jung, Allport, Cattell, and Freud and their concepts of personality structure, traits, and development.
Psychology of Adjustment
The document discusses the concept of adjustment in modern life. It describes adjustment as referring to the psychological processes through which people manage or cope with the demands of everyday life. The document outlines several topics related to adjustment, including personality, stress, coping strategies, interpersonal relationships, psychological health, and psychological disorders. Overall, the document provides an overview of the broad scope of issues studied within the concept of adjustment in the 21st century.
Psychology Memory and Learning Power Point
This document provides an overview of memory and learning concepts. It discusses the three stages of memory (encoding, storage, and retrieval). It describes the different types of memory like sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. It also discusses how learning occurs through classical and operant conditioning, and how cognitive factors like latent learning, cognitive maps, insight, learned helplessness, and observational learning impact the learning process. Key terms and concepts related to memory and different types of learning are defined and explained with examples.
Theories of Intelligence
This document will describe developmental theories of intelligence, including the information processing theory and biological theories. It will contrast the theories of fluid and crystallized intelligence proposed by Raymond Cattell and John Horn. Fluid intelligence is the ability to solve new problems, while crystallized intelligence involves skills and knowledge gained from experience. The document will also discuss how fluid intelligence tends to decrease with age while crystallized intelligence is less affected by aging. Additional topics include the relationships between intelligence and factors like brain size, reaction time, brain energy consumption, gender, age, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic level, and heredity versus environment.
Intelligence powerpoint
There are several theories regarding the concept of intelligence proposed by psychologists over time. Carroll proposed a three-stratum model of intelligence focusing on specific, broad, and general cognitive abilities. Gardner theorized multiple intelligences including linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic, and spatial abilities. Sternberg described intelligence as having analytic, creative, and practical components in his triarchic theory. While these theories differ in how they conceptualize intelligence, they have all contributed to the understanding of human intelligence and cognitive abilities.
Intelligence Power Point
Dr. Gardner identified eight types of intelligence: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist. Each person possesses all eight intelligences to varying degrees. While intelligence refers to innate abilities, thinking refers to how those abilities are applied. People can be intelligent in some areas but lack strong thinking skills. Overall, the concept of a single measure of intelligence does not fully capture the diverse range of human abilities.
Neurobiology of memory
The document discusses neurobiology of memory, including:
1. It describes the anatomical and functional organization of memory, focusing on the hippocampus formation, its afferents and efferents, and its role in learning and memory.
2. It discusses the different types of memory including explicit and implicit memory, and the cellular and molecular processes underlying short-term and long-term memory formation.
3. It explains mechanisms of memory formation and consolidation at the synaptic level, including the roles of proteins like CaMKII and CREB.
Memory PowerPoint
Memory is the capacity to retain and retrieve information. There are three main types of memory - sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Memories can be implicit (unconscious) or explicit (conscious recollection). Factors like rehearsal, encoding, interference and state-dependence affect how and what we remember versus forget over time. Recovered memories from early childhood or recovered through suggestive techniques should be questioned due to concerns over accuracy.
Introductory Psychology: Memory
lecture 20 from a college level introduction to psychology course taught Fall 2011 by Brian J. Piper, Ph.D. (psy391@gmail.com) at Willamette University, Loftus, eyewitness memory
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Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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