Medication error- Etiology and strategic methods to reduce the incidence of M...Dr. Jibin Mathew
A medication error is any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm while the medication is in the control of the health care professional, patient, or consumer
Medication error- Etiology and strategic methods to reduce the incidence of M...Dr. Jibin Mathew
A medication error is any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm while the medication is in the control of the health care professional, patient, or consumer
This presentation tells us about what are the medication errors and how we differentiate between them as per the National Accreditation Board for Hospital & Healthcare Providers standard for hospitals 5th Edition.
Presentation contains detailing details of medication error.
Some GIFs may not be seen.
Medication errors are a major concern in the healthcare fraternity. Although unintended, medication errors continue to happen everyday resulting in patient harm.
Medication Error are the most preventable events and Clinical Pharmacists can play a vital role in preventing them. in this presentation i have tried to provide maximum information regarding medication error in minimum slides.
a beautiful ppt, illustrating the principles for prescribing, current concepts for clinical decision making, for practicing medicine and health care planning worldwide...
This presentation tells us about what are the medication errors and how we differentiate between them as per the National Accreditation Board for Hospital & Healthcare Providers standard for hospitals 5th Edition.
Presentation contains detailing details of medication error.
Some GIFs may not be seen.
Medication errors are a major concern in the healthcare fraternity. Although unintended, medication errors continue to happen everyday resulting in patient harm.
Medication Error are the most preventable events and Clinical Pharmacists can play a vital role in preventing them. in this presentation i have tried to provide maximum information regarding medication error in minimum slides.
a beautiful ppt, illustrating the principles for prescribing, current concepts for clinical decision making, for practicing medicine and health care planning worldwide...
Medication Errors A Serious Topic Left Behind Leslie Richard
Medication Error is the third most common desiese leading to death . A serious topic for nurses and doctor's which was left behind . What to do in case of High Alert .
Polypharmacy and Rational Prescribing in Elderly Patients.pptxAhmed Mshari
Polypharmacy is typically defined as the prescription of five or more medications.
It also refers to the prescription of medications that do not have a specific current indication, that duplicate other medications, or that are known to be ineffective for the condition being treated.
In other words, polypharmacy is the use of multiple medications that are unnecessary and have the potential to do more harm than good.
Scope on medicatio error in a sample of iraqi two cities samawa and diwania.Ali Al Samawy
Summery
Introduction:
The pregnancy is sensitive period and administration of drugs may lead to threating of fetus life or cause malformations and teratogenicity etc.
Methodology:
A cross-sectional study of medication errors of 100 prescriptions dispensed to a pregnant women in a sample of Iraqi two cities (Al Sammawah & Al Diwania) during October, 2016.
A formal was used to collect data included the name of pregnant, age, trimester, doctor diagnosis, the drug dispensed and their dose, rout, duration, frequency, strength and notes section. The formal filled during visits of the research team to pharmacies that most of the prescriptions they dispense are for pregnant women prescribed by a nearby gynecology &obstruct doctors.
Then the data analyzed to identify the medication errors that includes; inappropriate and irrational, ineffective, over and under prescribing and drug interactions using available literature and drugs.com drug interaction checker.
Result:
Total number of prescriptions involved in the study is 100 prescriptions, they contain 487 medication dispensed to the patients. The total number of medication errors identified were 364(74.7%), included 110 irrational & inappropriate prescribing, 47 over prescribing. 19 under prescribing, and 8 ineffective prescribing. The drug interactions were classified to drug-drug interactions 126 interactions identified and drug food interactions 54 interactions were recorded. 0.8 % of all drug-drug interactions were major, 76 % moderate and 23% mild. Phenobarbital (luminal) is the drug that caused the most of medication error that identified as it dispensed 23 times but in all of these patient luminal was irrational and inappropriate and it caused the most of interactions recorded as 44 interactions were caused by luminal.
While Dydrogesterone was prescribed as a tocolytic 21 times, and this considered as irrational & inappropriate prescribing. Isoxsuprine prescribed irrationally 17 times. The parenteral iron administered without calculating the dose depending on the body weight and blood Hb. Most of antibiotics and antifungal prescribed for incorrect duration or dose. The other errors were related to other drugs duration, dose, and indication errors.
Conclusion:
Percentage of medication errors was high. Types of medication errors were mostly drug-drug interaction, irrational and inappropriate use. The impact of these medication errors may include teratogenic effect.
Recommendations:
Adherence to the treatment guidelines and further studies to assess the impact of medications errors on pregnant women and her fetus.
Medication Adherence- Introduction
Definition
Causes of medication non-adherence
Pharmacist role in the medication adherence
Monitoring of patient medication adherence.
A medical error is a preventable adverse effect of care, whether or not it is evident or harmful to the patient.
May occur at any time, from the prescription to consumption of the medicines by the patient
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
2. A medication:
A medication (a medicinal product) is ‘a product that
contains a compound with proven biological effects,
plus excipients or excipients only; it may also
contain contaminants; the active compound is
usually a drug or prodrug, but may be a cellular
element’.
A medication error:
With these definitions in mind, a medication error
can be defined as ‘a failure in the treatment process
that leads to, or has the potential to lead to, harm to
the patient’. The ‘treatment process’ involves all
medications, as defined above.
3. Medication errors can occur in:
choosing a medicine: irrational, inappropriate,
and ineffective prescribing, underprescribing and
overprescribing;
writing the prescription: prescription errors,
including illegibility;
manufacturing the formulation to be used:
wrong strength, contaminants or adulterants,
wrong or misleading packaging;
4. dispensing the formulation: wrong drug,
wrong formulation, wrong label;
administering or taking the drug: wrong
dose, wrong route, wrong frequency, wrong
duration;
monitoring therapy: failing to alter therapy
when required, erroneous alteration.
5. There are three broad types of
medication errors:
Knowledge-based errors:
for example, giving penicillin, without having
established whether the patient is allergic. In an
Australian study, communication problems with
senior staff and difficulty in accessing appropriate
drug-dosing information contributed to knowledge-
based prescription errors
6. Rule-based errors:
for example, injecting diclofenac into the
lateral thigh rather than the buttock. Proper
rules and education help to avoid these types
of error, as do computerized prescribing
systems.
Memory-based errors:
for example, giving penicillin, knowing the
patient to be allergic, but forgetting. These are
hard to avoid; they can be intercepted by
computerized prescribing systems and by
cross-checking.
7. Detecting and reporting errors:
One difficulty in detecting errors is that those
who make them fear disciplinary procedures and
do not want to report them. The establishment of
a blame-free, non-punitive environment can
obviate this. The reporting of errors, including
near-misses, should be encouraged, using error
reports to identify areas of likeliest occurrence
and simplifying and standardizing the steps in
the treatment process.
8. Prescribing faults and prescription
errors:
Errors in prescribing can be divided into irrational
prescribing, inappropriate prescribing, ineffective
prescribing, underprescribing and overprescribing,
and errors in writing the prescription.
Failing to prescribe an anticoagulant for a patient in
whom it is indicated (underprescribing) or
prescribing one when it is not indicated
(overprescribing) are different types of error from
errors that are made when writing a prescription.
9. Prescription errors:
All the factors that lead to medication errors in
general contribute towards prescription errors.
They include lack of knowledge, using the
wrong drug name, dosage form, or abbreviation,
and incorrect dosage calculations.
10. Prescribing faults:
Irrational and inappropriate prescribing:
One would expect rational prescribing to be
appropriate, but that is not always the case. A
rational approach can result in inappropriate
prescribing, if it is based on missing or incorrect
information.
Ineffective prescribing:
Ineffective prescribing is prescribing a drug that
is not effective for the indication in general or for
the specific patient; it is distinct from
underprescribing.
11. Overprescribing:
Overprescribing is prescribing a drug in too
high a dosage (too much, too often or for too
long). In some cases treatment is not
necessary at all.
Underprescribing::
Underprescribing is failure to prescribe a drug
that is indicated and appropriate, or the use of
too low a dose of an appropriate drug.
12. How can we improve prescribing and
reduce medication errors?
Education, to be taken as often as possible (a
repeat prescription—learning should be lifelong).
Special study modules for graduates and
undergraduates, to be taken as required.
Proper assessment: in the final undergraduate
examination, to be taken once or twice; in
postgraduate appraisal, to be taken occasionally;
this could be linked to a licence to prescribe.
13. A national prescription form for hospitals, to be
applied uniformly and used as a training tool.
Guidelines and computerized prescribing
systems, to be taken if indicated (their roles and
proper implementation are not yet clear).