This document provides a list of medical prefixes, suffixes, and their meanings to help understand medical terminology. It includes: - Over 100 prefixes and suffixes primarily from Greek and Latin origins. - The meaning and language origin for each listed prefix/suffix. - Examples of English medical words that illustrate the usage of each prefix/suffix. - General rules for combining prefixes, suffixes, and word roots are also outlined.

1. By:Ahmed Ali Abbas 1
Babylon University College of Dentistry
This is a list of roots, suffixes, and prefixes used in medical terminology, their meanings, and their etymology.
Most of them are combining forms in New Latin and hence international scientific vocabulary. There are a few
general rules about how they combine. First, prefixes and suffixes, most of which are derived from ancient Greek or
classical Latin, have a droppable -o-. As a general rule, this -o- almost always acts as a joint-stem to connect two
consonantal roots, e.g. arthr- + -o- + logy = arthrology. But generally, the -o- is dropped when connecting to a
vowel-stem; e.g. arthr- + itis = arthritis, instead of arthr-o-itis. Second, medical roots generally go together
according to language, i.e., Greek prefixes occur with Greek suffixes and Latin prefixes with Latin suffixes.
Although international scientific vocabulary is not stringent about segregating combining forms of different
languages, it is advisable when coining new words not to mix different lingual roots.
Prefixes and suffixes
The following is an alphabetical list of medical prefixes and suffixes, along with their meanings, origin, and an
English example.
A
Prefix or suffix
a-, an-
ab-
abdomin(o)-
Meaning
not, without
from; away from
Of or relating to the abdomen
Example(s)
Analgesic, apathy
Abduction
Abdomen
-ac, -acal
acanth(o)-
pertaining to
thorn or spine
Origin language and etymology
Ancient Greek ἀ-/ἀ- (a-/an-), not, without
Latin
Latin abdōmen, abdomen, fat around the
belly
Greek -ό (-akos)
Ancient Greek ἄ (akantha), thorn
acous(io)- Of or relating to hearing
acr(o)- extremity, topmost
-acusis hearing
Greek ἀό (acoustikos), of or for
hearing
Greek ἄ (akron), highest or farthest
point
Greek ἀό (acoustikos), of or for
hearing
cardiac, hydrophobiac
acanthion, acanthocyte, acanthoma,
acanthulus
acoumeter, acoustician
Acrocrany, acromegaly, acroosteolysis,
acroposthia
paracusis
-ad
ad-
aden(o)-,
aden(i)-
adip(o)-
adren(o)-
-aemia (BrE)
aer(o)-
aesthesio-
(BrE)
-al
alb-
toward, in the direction of
at, increase, on, toward
Of or relating to a gland
Of or relating to fat or fatty tissue
Of or relating to adrenal glands
blood condition
air, gas
sensation
Latin
Ancient Greek ἀή, ἀέ- (adēn, aden-),
an acorn; a gland
Latin (adeps, adip-), fat
Latin
Greek ἀί, without blood
Greek ἀή, ἀέ
Greek ἴ
dorsad
Adduction
Adenocarcinoma, adenology, adenotome,
adenotyphus
Adipocyte
adrenal artery
Anaemia
Aerosinusitis
Anesthesia
pertaining to
Denoting a white or pale color
Latin -alis
Latin albus, white
abdominal, femoral
Albino

2. By:Ahmed Ali Abbas 2
alge(si)-
-algia, alg(i)o-
all(o)-
ambi-
amni-
amph(i)-,
an-
ana-
an-
andr(o)-
angi(o)-
aniso-
ankyl(o)-,
ancyl(o)-
ante-
pain
pain
Denoting something as different, or as
an addition
Denoting something as positioned on
both sides; describing both of two
Pertaining to the membranous fetal sac
(amnion)
on both sides
not, without
back, again, up
anus
pertaining to a man
blood vessel
Describing something as unequal
Greek ἄ
Greek
Ancient Greek ἄ (allos), another, other
Analgesic
Myalgia
Alloantigen, allopathy
Latin (ambi-, ambo), both, on both sides Ambidextrous
Greek ἄ Amniocentesis
Greek ἀί (amphi)
Greek
Greek
Latin
Greek ἀή, ἀ-
Greek ἀῖ
Ancient Greek ἄῑ (anīsos), unequal
Denoting something as crooked or bent Ancient Greek ἀύ (ankýlos), crooked,
curved
Describing something as positioned in
front of another thing
Describing something as 'against' or
'opposed to' another
away, separated from, derived from
first, primitive
Of or pertaining to a male; masculine
Of or pertaining to an artery
Latin (āntē), before, in front of
Amphicrania, amphismela, amphomycin
Analgesia
Anaplasia
anal
Android, andrology
Angiogram
Anisocytosis, anisotropic
Ankylosis
anti-
apo-
arch-
arsen(o)-
arteri(o)-
antepartum
Ancient Greek  (anti), against Antibody, antipsychotic
arthr(o)- Of or pertaining to the joints, limbs
articul(o)-
-ary
-ase
-asthenia
atel(o)-
ather(o)-
-ation
atri(o)-
aur(i)-
aut(o)-
aux(o)-
joint
pertaining to
enzyme
weakness
imperfect or incomplete development
fatty deposit, soft gruel-like deposit
process
an atrium (esp. heart atrium)
Of or pertaining to the ear
self
increase; growth
Ancient Greek ἀό
Ancient Greek
Greek (arsein)
Ancient Greek ἀί (artēría), a
wind-pipe, artery (used distinctly versus a
vein)
Ancient Greek  (arthros), a joint,
limb
Latin articulum
Latin -arius
Greek ά, division
Greek, ἀέ
Apoptosis
archinephron
arsenoblast
Arteriole, artery
Arthritis
Latin
Latin
Latin (auris), the ear
Greek ὐ-
axill- Of or pertaining to the armpit
(uncommon as a prefix)
Latin (axilla), armpit
Articulation
biliary tract
Lactase
Myasthenia gravis
atelocardia
Atherosclerosis
medication
atrioventricular
Aural
Autoimmune
Auxocardia : enlargement of the heart,
Auxology
Axilla

3. By:Ahmed Ali Abbas 3
azo(to)- nitrogenous compound azothermia : raised temperature due to
nitrogenous substances in blood
B
Prefix/suffix
balano-
bi-
bio-
blast(o)-
blephar(o)-
brachi(o)-
brachy-
brady-
bronch(i)-
bucc(o)-
burs(o)-
Meaning
Of the glans penis or glans clitoridis
twice, double
life
germ or bud
Of or pertaining to the eyelid
Of or relating to the arm
Origin language and etymology
Greek ά - balanos, acorn, glans
Latin
Ancient Greek ί
Greek ό
Ancient Greek έ (blépharon), eyelid
Example(s)
Balanitis
Binary
Biology
Blastomere
Blepharoplast
Latin (bracchium), from Ancient Greek ί (brachiōn), Brachium of inferior
arm
Ancient Greek ύ (brachys), short, little, shallow
colliculus
brachycephalicIndicating 'short' or less commonly
'little'
'slow'
of or relating to the bronchus
Of or pertaining to the cheek
bursa (fluid sac between the bones)
Ancient Greek ύ (bradys), slow
Latin (bucca), cheek
Latin
Bradycardia
Bronchiolitis obliterans
Buccolabial
Bursitis
C
Prefix or
suffix
capill-
capit-
carcin(o)-
cardi(o)-
carp(o)-
Meaning Origin language and etymology Example(s)
Of or pertaining to hair
Pertaining to the head (as a whole)
cancer
Of or pertaining to the heart
Of or pertaining to the wrist
cata-
-cele
-centesis
cephal(o)-
cerat(o)-
cerebell(o)-
cerebr(o)-
cervic-
chem(o)-
chir(o)-,
cheir(o)-
down, under
pouching, hernia
surgical puncture for aspiration
Of or pertaining to the head (as a
whole)
Of or pertaining to the cornu; a horn
Of or pertaining to the cerebellum
Of or pertaining to the brain
Latin (capillus), hair
Latin (caput, capit-), the head
Greek ί (karkinos), crab
Ancient Greek ί (kardía), heart
Latin (carpus) < Ancient Greek ό (karpós), wrist;
NOTE: This root should not be confused with the mirror
root carp(o)- meaning fruit.
Greek ά (kata)
Ancient Greek ή (kēlē)
Ancient Greek έ (kentēsis)
Ancient Greek ή (képhalē), the head
Capillus
Capitation
Carcinoma
Cardiology
Carpopedal
Cataract
Hydrocele, Varicocele
Amniocentesis
Cephalalgy
Ancient Greek έ, - (kéras, kerat-), a horn
Latin (cerebellum), little brain
Latin (cerebrum), brain
Of or pertaining to the neck, the cervix Latin (cervix, cervīc-), neck, cervix
chemistry, drug
Of or pertaining to the hand
Greek ί
Ancient Greek ί, - (cheir, cheiro-), hand
Ceratoid
Cerebellum
Cerebrology
Cervicodorsal
Chemotherapy
Chiropractor

4. By:Ahmed Ali Abbas 4
chlor(o)-
chol(e)-
Denoting a green color
Of or pertaining to bile
Ancient Greek ό (chloros), green, yellow-green
Ancient Greek ή (cholē), bile
cholecyst(o)- Of or pertaining to the gallbladder
chondr(i)o-
chrom(ato)-
-cidal, -cide
cili-
circum-
cis-
clast
co-
col-, colo-,
colono-
colp(o)-
cartilage, gristle, granule, granular
color
killing, destroying
Of or pertaining to the cilia, the
eyelashes; eyelids
Denoting something as 'around'
another
on this side
break
with, together, in association
colon
Ancient Greek ύ (cholēkýstis), gallbladder <
ή (cholē), bile, gall + ύ (kýstis), bladder
Ancient Greek ό (chondros)
Ancient Greek ῶ
Latin
< Latin (cilium), eyelash; eyelid
Chlorophyll
Cholaemia (UK)/ Cholemia
(US), Cholecystitis
Cholecystectomy
Chondrocalcinosis
Hemochromatosis
bacteriocidal
Ciliary
Latin (circum), around Circumcision
Latin (cis)
Greek ό
Latin
osteoclast
coenzymes
Colonoscopy
Of or pertaining to the vagina
com-
contra
cor-
cor-, core-,
coro-
cordi-
with, together
against
with, together
Of or pertaining to eye's pupil
Ancient Greek ό (kólpos), bosom, womb; hollow,
depth
Latin
Latin
Latin
Ancient Greek ό (kórē), girl, doll; pupil of the eye
Colposcopy
Contraindicate
Corectomy
cornu-
coron(o)-
cost(o)-
cox-
crani(o)-
Of or pertaining to the heart
[Uncommon as a prefix]
Applied to processes and parts of the
body describing them likened or
similar to horns
crown
Of or pertaining to the ribs
Of or relating to the hip, haunch, or
hip-joint
Belonging or relating to the cranium
Latin (cor, cordi-), heart Commotio cordis
Latin (cornū), horn Greater cornu
Latin corōna ("garland, crown")
Latin (costa), rib
Latin (coxa), hip
coronary
Costochondral
Coxopodite
-crine, crin(o)
cry(o)-
cutane-
cyan(o)-
cycl-
cyph(o)-
cyst(o)-,
cyst(i)-
to secrete
cold
skin
Denotes a blue color
circle, cycle
Denotes something as bent
(uncommon as a prefix)
Of or pertaining to the urinary bladder
Latin (cranium) < Ancient Greek ᾱί (krānion), the
cranium, skull, bones enclosing the brain
ί ecrine
Greek ύ
Latin cutis
Ancient Greek ύ, ά (kýanos, kyáneos), blue
Greek ύ (kuklos)
Ancient Greek ό (kȳphós), bent, hunchback
Craniology
Endocrine
Cryoablation
Subcutaneous
Cyanopsia
Cyphosis
Ancient Greek ύ (kýstis); bladder, cyst Cystotomy

5. By:Ahmed Ali Abbas 5
cyt(o)-
-cyte
cell
cell
Greek ύ
Greek
Cytokine
Leukocyte
D
Prefix/suffix
dacryo-
-dactyl(o)-
de-
dent-
dermat(o)-,
derm(o)-
-desis
dextr(o)-
di-
di-
dia-
dif-
digit-
-dipsia
dis-
Meaning
tear
Of or pertaining to a finger, toe
away from, cessation
Of or pertaining to teeth
Of or pertaining to the skin
binding
right, on the right side
two
apart, separation
through, during, across
apart, separation
Of or pertaining to the finger [rare as a root]
suffix meaning "(condition of) thirst"'
Origin language and etymology
Greek ά
Ancient Greek ά (dáktylos),
finger, toe
Latin de-
Latin (dens, dentis), tooth
Ancient Greek έ, έ-
(dérma, démat-), skin, human skin
Greek έ (desis)
Latin dexter
Greek -
Latin
Ancient Greek ά (diá), through,
during, across
Latin
Latin (digitus), finger, toe
Greek dipsa
Example(s)
Dacryocystitis
dactylology, polydactyly
dehydrate
Dentist
Dermatology
arthrodesis
Dextrocardia
Diplopia
dialysis
separation, taking apart
dors(o)-, dors(i)- Of or pertaining to the back
dromo-
duodeno-
dynam(o)-
running, conduction, course
duodenum, twelve: upper part of the small intestine (twelve
inches long on average), connects to the stomach
force, energy, power
Latin dis-
Latin (dorsum), back
Greek dromos
Latin duodeni
different
Digit
polydipsia, hydroadipsia,
oligodipsia
Dissection
dorsal, Dorsocephalad
Dromotropic
Duodenal atresia
Greek ύ (dunamis)
-dynia
dys-
pain
bad, difficult, defective, abnormal Greek -
Hand strength
dynamometer
Vulvodynia
Dysphagia, dysphasia
E

6. By:Ahmed Ali Abbas 6
Prefix/suffix
-eal
Meaning Origin language and etymology
pertaining to Latin
ec-
ect(o)-
-ectasia, -ectasis
-ectomy
-emesis
-emia
encephal(o)-
endo-
eosin(o)-
out, away
outer, outside
expansion, dilation
Denotes a surgical operation or
removal of a body part. Resection,
excision
vomiting condition
blood condition (AmE)
Of or pertaining to the brain. Also see
Cerebro.
Denotes something as 'inside' or
'within'
Red
Greek ἐ- (ek-)
Greek ἐό
Ancient Greek ἔ
Ancient Greek ἐή (ectomē), excision
Example(s)
adenohypophyseal, corneal,
esophagus, perineal
Ectopia, ectopic pregnancy
Ectoblast, ectoderm
Bronchiectasis, telangiectasia
Mastectomy
Greek ἕ
Greek ἀ-ί, without blood
Ancient Greek ἐέ (enképhalos), the brain
Hematemesis
Anemia
Encephalogram
Ancient Greek ἐ- (endo-), inside, internal Endocrinology, endospore
enter(o)-
epi-
Of or pertaining to the intestine
on, upon
episi(o)-
erythr(o)-
-esophageal,
-esophago-
esthesio-
eu-
ex-
exo-
extra-
Of or pertaining to the pubic region,
the loins
Denotes a red color
gullet (AmE)
Eosin comes from Eos, the Greek word for 'dawn'
and the name of the Greek goddess of the dawn.
Ancient Greek ἔ (énteron), intestine
Ancient Greek ἐ- (epi-), before, upon, on,
outside, outside of
Ancient Greek ἐί- (epísion), the pubic area,
loins; vulva
Ancient Greek ἐό (erythros), red
Greek ἰά (oisophágos)
Eosinophil granulocyte
Gastroenterology
Epicardium, epidermis, epidural,
episclera, epistaxis
Episiotomy
Erythrocyte
Esophagus
sensation (AmE)
true, good, well, new
out of, away from
Denotes something as 'outside' another
outside
Greek ἴ (aisthēsis)
Greek
Latin
Ancient Greek ἐ- (exo-), outside of, external
Latin
Esthesia
Eukaryote
Excision, exophthalmos
Exoskeleton
Extradural hematoma
F
Prefix/suffix
faci(o)-
fibr-
Meaning
Of or pertaining to the face
fiber
filli-
-form
fore-
fossa
front-
fine, hair-like
Used to form adjectives indicating 'having the
form of'
before or ahead
A hollow or depressed area; trench or channel
Of or pertaining to the forehead
Origin language and etymology
Latin (faciēs), the face, countenance
Latin (fibra), fiber, filament,
entrails[1]
Latin (filum), thread
Latin (forma), form, shape
Example(s)
Facioplegic
fibril, fibrin, fibrinous pericarditis,
fibroblast
cruciform, cuneiform, falciform
Latin (fossa), ditch, pit
Latin (frōns, front-), the forehead
foregut
fossa ovalis
frontonasal

7. By:Ahmed Ali Abbas 7
G
Prefix/suffix
galact(o)-
gastr(o)-
-gen
-genic
genu-
-geusia
gingiv-
glauc(o)-
gloss(o)-, glott(o)-
gluco-
glyc(o)-
gnath(o)-
-gnosis
gon(o)-
-gram, -gramme
-graph
-graphy
gyno-, gynaeco- (BrE),
gyneco- (AmE)
Meaning
milk
Of or pertaining to the stomach
(1) Denotes the sense 'born in, from' (2)
Denotes the sense 'of a certain kind'
Formative, pertaining to producing
Of or pertaining to the knee
Taste
Origin language and etymology
Greek ά, -
Ancient Greek ή (gastēr),
-, stomach, belly
Ancient Greek -ή (-genēs), from
-ά (gen-náein), to be born
Greek
Latin (genū), knee
Ancient Greek ῦ (geusis)
Example(s)
Galactorrhea
Gastric bypass
(1) Endogen; (2) Heterogenous
Of or pertaining to the gums
Denoting a grey or bluish-grey colour
Of or pertaining to the tongue
sweet
sugar
Of or pertaining to the jaw
knowledge
seed, semen; also, reproductive
record or picture
Latin gingīva, gum
Ancient Greek ό (glaukos),
grey, bluish-grey
Ancient Greek ῶ, ῶ
(glōssa, glōtta), tongue
Greek ό, sweet
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek ά (gnáthos), jaw
Greek
Ancient Greek ό
Greek ά (gramma)
Cardiogenic shock
Genu valgum
Ageusia, dysgeusia, hypergeusia,
hypogeusia, parageusia
Gingivitis
Glaucoma
Glossology
instrument used to record data or picture Ancient Greek -ί (-graphía),
written, drawn, graphic interpretation
process of recording
woman
Ancient Greek
Greek ή, -
Glucocorticoid
Glycolysis
Gnathodynamometer
diagnosis, prognosis
Gonorrhea
Angiogram
Electrocardiograph
Angiography
Gynecomastia
H
Prefix/suffix
halluc-
hemat-, haemato-
(haem-, hem-)
hema or hemo-
hemangi or hemangio-
hemi-
hepat- (hepatic-)
heter(o)-
Meaning
to wander in mind
Of or pertaining to blood
Origin language and etymology
Classical Latin to wander in mind
Example(s)
Hallucinosis
Latin (hæma) < Ancient Greek ἵ, ἱ- Hematology, older form
(haima, haimat-), blood
Greekblood (AmE)
blood vessels
one-half
Of or pertaining to the liver
Denotes something as 'the other' (of two),
as an addition, or different
Ancient Greek ἡ- (hēmi-), "half"
Ancient Greek ἥ, ἡ- (hēpar,
hēpato-), the liver
Ancient Greek ἕ (héteros), the other
(of two), another; different
Haematology
Hematological malignancy
Hemangioma
Cerebral hemisphere
Hepatology
Heterogeneous

8. By:Ahmed Ali Abbas 8
hidr(o)-
hist(o)-, histio-
home(o)-
hom(o)-
humer(o)-
hydr(o)-
hyper-
hyp(o)-
hyster(o)-
sweat
tissue
similar
Denotes something as 'the same' as another
or common
Of or pertaining to the shoulder (or [rarely]
the upper arm)
water
Denotes something as 'extreme' or 'beyond
normal'
Denotes something as 'below normal'
Of or pertaining to the womb, the uterus
Greek ἱ-
Greek ἱό
Ancient Greek ὅ (homoios)
Ancient Greek ὁ- (homo-), the same,
common
Incorrect Etymology < Latin (umerus),
shoulder
Greek ὕ
Ancient Greek ὑέ (hyper), over, above;
beyond, to the extreme
Ancient Greek ὑ()- (hypo-), below, under
Ancient Greek ὑέ (hystéra), womb
Hyperhidrosis
Histology
Homeopathy
Homosexuality
Humerus
Hydrophobe
Hypertension
Hypovolemia,
Hysterectomy, Hysteria
I
Prefix/suffix
-i-asis
iatr(o)-
-iatry
-ic
-icle
-ics
idio-
ileo-
infra-
inter-
intra-
ipsi-
irid(o)-
isch-
ischio-
-ism
-ismus
iso-
-ist
-ite
-itis
Meaning
condition
Of or pertaining to medicine, or a physician [uncommon as a prefix;
common as as suffix, see -iatry]
Denotes a field in medicine of a certain body component
pertaining to
small
organized knowledge, treatment
self, one's own
ileum
below
between, among
Origin language and etymology
Greek -ί
Ancient Greek ἰᾱό (iātrós),
healer, physician
Ancient Greek ἰᾱό (iātrós),
healer, physician
Greek -ό (-ikos)
Latin
Latin -ica < Greek < -ά
Greek ἴ, idios, "one's own"
Greek ἰό
Latin
Latin
Example(s)
Mydriasis
Iatrochemistry
within
same
Latin
Latin
iris
restriction
Of or pertaining to the ischium, the hip-joint
Greek ἴ
Greek ἴ
Ancient Greek ἰό (ischión),
hip-joint, ischium
Podiatry,
Psychiatry
Hepatic artery
Ovarian follicle
Obstetrics
Idiopathic
Ileocecal valve
Infrahyoid muscles
Interarticular
ligament
intramural
Ipsilateral
hemiparesis
Iridectomy
Ischemia
Ischioanal fossa
condition, disease
spasm, contraction
Denoting something as being 'equal'
one who specializes in
the nature of, resembling
inflammation
Greek -ό
Ancient Greek ἴ (ísos), equal
Greek -ή (-istes)
Greek -ί
Dwarfism
Hemiballismus
Isotonic
Pathologist
Hermaphrodite
Tonsillitis

9. By:Ahmed Ali Abbas 9
-ium structure, tissue pericardium
J
Prefix/suffix Meaning Origin language and etymology
Juxta (iuxta) Near to, alongside or next to Latin
Example(s)
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
K
Prefix/suffix
kal-
karyo-
kerat(o)-
Meaning
potassium
nucleus
Origin language and etymology
Greek ά, "nut"
cornea (eye or skin) Greek
kin(e)-, kin(o), kinesi(o)- movement
koil(o)-
kyph(o)-
hollow
humped
Greek έ
Greek ῖ (koilos)
Greek ό
Example(s)
Hyperkalemia
Eukaryote
Keratoscope
Kinesthesia
Koilocyte
Kyphoscoliosis
L
Prefix/suffix
labi(o)-
lacrim(o)-
lact(i)-, lact(o)
lapar(o)-
laryng(o)-
latero-
lei(o)-
-lepsis, -lepsy
lept(o)-
leuc(o)-,
leuk(o)-
lingu(a)-,
lingu(o)-
lip(o)-
lith(o)-
log(o)-
-logist
-logy
Meaning
Of or pertaining to the lip
tear
milk
Of or pertaining to the abdomen-wall, flank
Origin language and etymology
Latin (labium), lip
Latin
Latin
Ancient Greek άᾱ (lapárā), flank
Of or pertaining to the larynx, the lower throat cavity where Ancient Greek ά, - (lárynx,
the voice box is
lateral
laryng-), throat, gullet
Latin
Example(s)
Labiodental
Lacrimal canaliculi
Lactation
Laparotomy
Larynx
smooth
attack, seizure
Greek ῖ
Greek ῆ
light, slender
Denoting a white color
Of or pertaining to the tongue
Greek ό (leptos)
Ancient Greek ό (leukos), white,
bright
Latin (lingua), tongue
Lateral pectoral
nerve
Leiomyoma
Epilepsy,
narcolepsy
Leptomeningeal
Leukocyte
Linguistics
fat
stone, calculus
speech
Greek ί (lipos)
Greek ί (lithos)
Greek ό (logos)
Liposuction
Lithotripsy
Denotes someone who studies a certain field: _____-logy; a Ancient Greek ή (logistēs), studier,
specialist; one who treats
Denotes the academic study or practice of a certain field;
The study of
practitioner
Ancient Greek όo (logos) study
Oncologist,
pathologist
hematology,
urology

10. By:Ahmed Ali Abbas 10
lymph(o)-
lys(o)-, -lytic
-lysis
lymph
dissolution
Destruction, separation
Greek έ, ύ
Greek
Greek ύ
Lymphedema
Lysosome
Paralysis
M
Prefix/suffix
macr(o)-
-malacia
mamm(o)-
mammill(o)-
manu-
mast(o)-
meg(a)-, megal(o)-,
-megaly
melan(o)-
melos
mening(o)-
mero-
mes(o)-
meta-
-meter
-metry
metr(o)-
micro-
milli-
mon(o)-
morph(o)-
muscul(o)-
my(o)-
myc(o)-
myel(o)-
myl(o)-
myri-
myring(o)-
Meaning
large, long
softening
Of or pertaining to the breast
Of or pertaining to the nipple
Origin language and etymology
Greek ό
Greek ί
Latin (mamma), breast; udder
Latin mammilla, nipple
Of or pertaining to the hand
Of or pertaining to the breast
enlargement, million
Latin (manus), hand
Ancient Greek ό (mastós), breast, women's
breast; man's pectoral muscle
Greek έ
Example(s)
Macrophage
Osteomalacia
Mammogram
mammillaplasty,
mammillitis
Manufacture
Mastectomy
black color
extremity
membrane
part
middle
after, behind
instrument used to measure or count
process of measuring
Pertaining to conditions or instruments of
the uterus
denoting something as small, or relating
to smallness, millionth
thousandth
single
form, shape
muscle
Of or relating to muscle
Ancient Greek έ, - (melas, melano-),
black; dark
Ancient Greek έ
Greek ῆ, -
Greek έ (meros), part
Ancient Greek έ (mesos), "middle"
Greek ά
Greek έ
Greek -ί
Ancient Greek ήᾱ (mētrā), womb, uterus
Splenomegaly,
megameter
Melanin
erythromelalgia
Meningitis
merocrine, meroblastic
Mesoderm
Metacarpus
Sphygmomanometer
Optometry
Metrorrhagia
Ancient Greek ό (mikros), small Microscope
fungus
Of or relating to bone marrow or spinal
cord
Of or relating to molar teeth or lower jaw
ten thousand
eardrum
Latin mille, thousand
Greek ό (monos)
Greek ή (morphē)
Latin
Ancient Greek ῦ, - (mys, my-), muscle;
mouse; mussel
Greek ύ, -
Ancient Greek ό (myelon), marrow;
bone-marrow
Greek (myle)
Ancient Greek ύ (mýrioi), myriad
Latin myringa
milliliter
Infectious mononucleosis
Morphology
Musculoskeletal system
Myoblast
Onychomycosis
Myeloblast
Mylohyoid nerve
myriad
Myringotomy

11. By:Ahmed Ali Abbas 11
myx(o)- mucus Greek ύ Myxoma
N
Prefix/suffix
narc(o)-
nas(o)-
necr(o)-
neo-
nephr(o)-
nerv-
neur(i)-,
neur(o)-
normo-
Meaning
numb, sleep
Of or pertaining to the nose
death
Origin language and etymology
Greek ά
Latin (nāsum), nose
Greek ό
new
Of or pertaining to the kidney
Of or pertaining to nerves and the nervous system
[Uncommon as a root: neuro- mostly always used]
Of or pertaining to nerves and the nervous system
normal
Greek έ
Ancient Greek ό (nephrós), kidney
Latin (nervus), tendon; nerve; Cognate with
the Greek  (neuron) (see below)
Ancient Greek ῦ (neuron), tendon,
sinew; nerve
Latin
Example(s)
narcolepsy
nasal
Necrosis, necrotizing
fasciitis
Neoplasm
Nephrology
Nerve, nervous system
Neurofibromatosis
Normocapnia
O
Prefix/suffix
ocul(o)-
odont(o)-
odyn(o)-
-oesophageal,
oesophago- (BrE)
-oid
ole
olig(o)-
om(o)-
-oma (singular),
-omata (plural)
omphal(o)-
onco-
onych(o)-
oo-
oophor(o)-
ophthalm(o)-
Meaning
Of or pertaining to the eye
Of or pertaining to teeth
pain
gullet
Origin language and etymology
Latin (oculus), the eye
Ancient Greek ὀύ, ὀ- (odoús, odont-), tooth
Greek ὀύ
Greek ἰά
Example(s)
Oculist
orthodontist
stomatodynia
resemblance to
small or little
Greek -ή
Latin
Sarcoidosis
Denoting something as 'having Ancient Greek ὀί (oligos), few
little, having few'
Of or pertaining to the
shoulder
tumor, mass, collection
Ancient Greek ὠό (ōmos), shoulder
Oligotrophy
Omoplate
Greek - Sarcoma, teratoma
Of or pertaining to the navel,
the umbilicus
tumor, bulk, volume
Of or pertaining to the nail (of
a finger or toe)
Of or pertaining to the an egg,
a woman's egg, the ovum
Of or pertaining to the
woman's ovary
Of or pertaining to the eye
Ancient Greek ὀό (omphalós), navel, belly-button Omphalotomy
Greek ὄ
Ancient Greek ὄ, ὀ- (ónyx, ónycho-), nail; claw;
talon
Ancient Greek ᾠό, ᾠ- (ōón, ōo-), egg, ovum
Oncology
Onychophagy
Oogenesis
Neoclassical Greek ᾠό (ōophóron), ovary,
egg-bearing
Ancient Greek ὀό (ophthalmós), the eye
Oophorectomy
Ophthalmology

12. By:Ahmed Ali Abbas 12
optic(o)- Of or relating to chemical
properties of the eye
or(o)-
orchi(o)-, orchid(o)-,
orch(o)-
orth(o)-
Of or pertaining to the mouth
testis
Middle French (optique) < Greek ὀό (optikós);
ώ(opsi), vision. Cognate with Latin oculus, relating to
the eye
Latin (ōs, or-), mouth
Greek ὀ (orkhis, orkhi-)
Opticochemical, biopsy
Oral
Orchiectomy, orchidectomy
-osis
Denoting something as straight Ancient Greek ὀό (orthos), straight, correct, normal
or correct
a condition, disease or increase Greek -
Orthodontist
osseo-
ossi-
ost(e)-, oste(o)-
ot(o)-
-ous
ovari(o)-
ovo-, ovi-, ov-
oxo-
oxy-
bony
bone
bone
Of or pertaining to the ear
pertaining to
Of or pertaining to the ovaries
Of or pertaining to the eggs,
the ovum
addition of oxygen
sharp, acid, acute, oxygen
Latin
Latin
Greek ὀέ
Ancient Greek ὖ, ὠ- (ous, ōt-), the ear
Latin -osus
Latin (ōvarium), ovary
Latin (ōvum), egg, ovum
Harlequin type ichthyosis,
psychosis, osteoperosis
Osseous
Peripheral ossifying fibroma
Osteoporosis
Otology
Ovariectomy
Ovogenesis
Greek ὀύ
Greek ὀύ(oxus)
P
Prefix/suffix
pachy-
palpebr-
pan-, pant(o)-
papill-
papul(o)-
para-
-paresis
parvo-
path(o)-
-pathy
pauci-
pector-
Meaning
thick
Origin language and etymology
Greek ύ
Of or pertaining to the eyelid [uncommon as a root] Latin (palpebra), eyelid
Denoting something as 'complete' or containing
'everything'
Of or pertaining to the nipple (of the chest/breast)
Indicates papulosity, a small elevation or swelling
in the skin, a pimple, swelling
alongside of, abnormal
slight paralysis
small
disease
Denotes (with a negative sense) a disease, or
disorder
Few
breast
Ancient Greek ᾶ, - (pas, pan-), all,
every
Latin (papilla), nipple; diminutive of papula
(see below)
Latin (papula), pimple, pustle; a small
elevation or swelling in the skin
Ancient Greek ά (para)
Greek ά
Latin parvus
Greek ά
Ancient Greek ά (pathos), suffering,
accident
Latin paucus
Latin pectus
Example(s)
pachyderma
Palpebra
panophobia, panopticon
papillitis
Papulation
paracyesis
hemiparesis
Parvovirus
Pathology
sociopathy, neuropathy
ped-, -ped-, -pes
ped-, pedo-
Of or pertaining to the foot; -footed
Of or pertaining to the child
Latin pēs, pēd-, foot
Ancient Greek ό, child
Pauci-immune
pectoralgia,
pectoriloquy,
pectorophony
Pedoscope
pediatrics. pedophilia

13. By:Ahmed Ali Abbas 13
pelv(i)-, pelv(o)-
-penia
peo-
-pepsia
per-
peri-
hip bone
deficiency
Of or pertaining to the penis
Denotes something relating to digestion, or the
digestive tract.
through
Latin
Greek ί
Greek έ (peos)
Ancient Greek ό (peptós) cooked,
digested < έ (péssō) I boil, cook; digest
Latin
Pelvis
osteopenia
Peotomy
Dyspepsia
Denoting something with a position 'surrounding' or Ancient Greek ί (peri), around
'around' another
fixation
lens-shaped
Greek ῆ
Greek ό
Periodontal
-pexy
phaco-
-phage, -phagia
-phago-
phagist-:
Forms terms denoting conditions relating to eating
or ingestion
eating, devouring
Ancient Greek ί (phagía) eating <
ῖ (phagein) to eat
Greek -ά
Nephropexy
phacolysis, phacometer,
phacoscotoma
Sarcophagia
Forms nouns that denote a person who 'feeds on' the Ancient Greek ή (phagistēs) eater;
first element or part of the word
Forms nouns that denotes 'feeding on' the first
element or part of the word
phallus
drug, medication
Of or pertaining to the pharynx, the upper throat
cavity
attraction for
Of or pertaining to the (blood) veins, a vein
phagocyte
Lotophagi
-phagy
phallo-
pharmaco-
pharyng(o)-
-phil(ia)
phleb(o)-
-phobia
phon(o)-
phos-
phot(o)-
exaggerated fear, sensitivity
sound
Of or pertaining to light or its chemical properties,
now historic and used rarely. See the common root
phot(o)- below.
Of or pertaining to light
see -phagia
Ancient Greek ί (phagia) eating; see
-phagia
Greek ό (phallos)
Greek ά
Ancient Greek ά, - (phárynx,
pháryng-), throat, windpipe; chasm
Greek ί
Ancient Greek έ, - (phleps,
phlebo-), blood-vessel, vein
Greek ό
Greek ή
Ancient Greek ῶ, - (phōs, phōt-),
light
hematophagy
Aphallia
pharmacology
Pharyngitis,
Pharyngoscopy
Hemophilia
Phlebography,
Phlebotomy
arachnophobia
phonograph, symphony
Phosphene
phren(i)-,
phren(o)-,
phrenico
phyt-
piri-
-plasia
-plasty
-plegia
pleio-
the mind
Ancient Greek ῶ, - (phōs, phōt-),
light
Greek ή, -
Photopathy
to grow
Pear
formation, development
surgical repair, reconstruction
paralysis
more, excessive, multiple
pleur(o)-, pleur(a) Of or pertaining to the ribs
-plexy stroke or seizure
Latin pirum, pear
Greek ά
Greek ό
Greek ή
Greek pleion
Latin (pleura) from Ancient Greek ό
(pleurón), rib, side of the body
Greek ῆ
Phrenic nerve,
schizophrenia,
diaphragm
hydrophyte
Piriformis muscle
Achondroplasia
rhinoplasty
paraplegia
pleiomorphism
Pleurogenous
Cataplexy

14. By:Ahmed Ali Abbas 14
pneum(o)- Of or pertaining to the lungs
pneumat(o)-
pod-, -pod-, -pus
-poiesis
polio-
poly-
por(o)-
porphyr(o)-
post-
air, lung
Of or pertaining to the foot, -footed
production
Denoting a grey color
Denotes a 'plurality' of something
pore, porous
Denotes a purple color
Denotes something as 'after' or 'behind' another
Ancient Greek ύ, -
(pneumōn, pneumon-), lung < ῦ
(pneuma), wind, spirit
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek ύ, - (poús, pod-), foot
Pneumonocyte,
Pneumonia
Ancient Greek ό (poliós), grey
Ancient Greek  (polys), much, many
Podiatry
hematopoiesis
Poliomyelitis
Polymyositis
Ancient Greek ύ (porphýra), purple
Latin (post), after, behind
pre- Denotes something as 'before' another (in [physical] Medieval Latin (pre-) < (Classical) Latin
position or time)
old age
Denotes something as 'first' or 'most-important'
(præ), before, in front of
Greek
Latin prīmus, first, most important
Porphyroblast
Postoperation,
Postmortem
Premature birth
presby(o)-
prim-
pro-
proct(o)-
prosop(o)-
prot(o)-
Denotes something as 'before' another (in [physical] Ancient Greek  (pro), before, in front of
position or time)
anus, rectum
face
Denotes something as 'first' or 'most important'
Presbyopia
Primary
Procephalic
pseud(o)-
psych(e)-,
psych(o)
pterygo-
psor-
-ptosis
-ptysis
Denotes something false or fake
Of or pertaining to the mind
pulmon-, pulmo-
Pertaining to a wing
Itching
falling, drooping, downward placement, prolapse
(a spitting), spitting, hemoptysis, the spitting of
blood derived from the lungs or bronchial tubes
Of or relating to the lungs.
Greek (prosopon), face, mask
Ancient Greek  (prōtos), first;
principal, most important
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek ή (psyché), breath, life,
soul
Greek
proctology
Prosopagnosia
Protoneuron
Pseudoephedrine
Psychology, psychiatry
Lateral pterygoid plate
Psoriasis
Apoptosis, nephroptosis
hemoptysis
pyel(o)-
pykno-
py(o)-
pyr(o)-
pelvis
to thicken (as the nucleus does in early stages of
cell death)
pus
fever
Latin (pulmo, pulmōn-, usually used in
plural), a lung
Ancient Greek (pyelos)
Greek , to thicken/condense
pulmonary
Pyelonephritis
Pyknosis
Greek ύ
Greek ῦ, ό
Pyometra
Antipyretic

15. By:Ahmed Ali Abbas 15
Q
Prefix/suffix Meaning Origin language and etymology Example(s)
quadr(i)- four Latin quadriceps
R
Prefix/suffix
radio-
re-
rect(o)-
ren(o)-
reticul(o)-
retro-
rhabd(o)-
rhachi(o)-
rhin(o)-
rhod(o)-
-rrhage
-rrhagia
-rrhaphy
-rrhea
(AmE)
-rrhexis
-rrhoea
(BrE)
rubr(o)-
-rupt
Meaning
radiation
again, backward
rectum
Of or pertaining to the kidney
net
backward, behind
rod shaped, striated
spine
Origin language and etymology
Latin
Latin
Latin
Latin (rēnes), kidney
Latin
Latin
Greek ῥά
Greek ῥά
Example(s)
radiowave
relapse
Of or pertaining to the nose
Denoting a rose-red color
burst forth
rapid flow of blood
surgical suturing
flowing, discharge
Ancient Greek ῥί, ῥῑ- (rhīs, rhīno-),
nose
Ancient Greek ῥό (rhódon), rose
Greek -ί
Greek -ί
Greek ῥή
Greek -
renal
reticulocyte
retroversion, retroverted
rhabdomyolysis
rachial, rachialgia, rachidian,
rachiopathy
rhinoceros, rhinoplasty
rhodophyte
Hemorrhage
menorrhagia
Galactorrhea, Diarrhea
rupture
flowing, discharge
Greek ῥῆ
Greek -
Karyorrhexis
diarrhoea
Of or pertaining to the red nucleus of the
brain
Break or burst
Latin (ruber), red Rubrospinal
Latin Erupt, Interrupt
S

16. By:Ahmed Ali Abbas 16
Prefix/suffix
salping(o)-
Meaning
Of or pertaining to tubes e.g. fallopian tubes
sangui-, sanguine- Of or pertaining to blood
sarco-
schist(o)-
schiz(o)-
muscular, fleshlike
split, cleft
Denoting something 'split' or 'double-sided'
scler(o)-
-sclerosis
hard
hardening
Origin language and etymology
Ancient Greek ά, -,
(sálpinx, salpingo-) trumpet
(literally)
Latin (sanguis, sanguin-), blood
Greek ά, -
Greek ό (schistos)
Ancient Greek ; irregular
formation of the verb ί
(schizein), to cut, split
Greek ό
Greek ή
Example(s)
Salpingectomy,
salpingopharyngeus muscle
Sanguine
sarcoma
schistocyte
Schizophrenia
scoli(o)-
-scope
-scopy
scoto-
semi-
sial(o)-
sigmoid(o)-
sinistr(o)-
sinus-
sito-
somat(o)-,
somatico-
-spadias
spasmo-
sperma-,
spermo-,
spermato-
splanchn(i)-,
splanchn(o)-
splen(o)-
spondyl(o)-
twisted
instrument for viewing
use of instrument for viewing
darkness
one-half, partly
saliva, salivary gland
sigmoid, S-shaped curvature
left, left side
Of or pertaining to the sinus
food, grain
body, bodily
Greek ό (skolios)
Greek -ό
Greek -ί
Greek ό (skotos)
Latin
Greek ί (sialos)
Greek ή
Latin
Latin (sinus), a curve, bend, bay
Greek ῖ (sitos)
Greek ῶ (sōma)
Scleroderma
Atherosclerosis, multiple
sclerosis
scoliosis
stethoscope
endoscopy
scotopic vision
semiconscious
sialagogue
sigmoid colon
Sinusitis
Sitophobia
somatic
slit, fissure
spasm
semen, spermatozoa
Greek ά
Greek ό
Greek έ (sperma)
hypospadias, epispadias
Spasmodic dysphonia
Spermatogenesis
viscera Greek ά splanchnology
spleen
Of or pertaining to the spine, the vertebra
squamos(o)-
-stalsis
-stasis
-staxis
sten(o)-
-stenosis
Denoting something as 'full of scales' or 'scaly'
contraction
stopping, standing
dripping, trickling
Denoting something as 'narrow in shape' or pertaining to
narrowness
abnormal narrowing in a blood vessel or other tubular
organ or structure
Greek ή, -
Greek ό / ό,
(spóndylos, sphóndylos), the spine
Latin sqāmōsus, full of scales; scaly
Greek ά
Greek ά
Greek ά, ό
Ancient Greek ό (stenos);
narrow, short
Ancient Greek έ (stenōsis)
Splenectomy
Spondylitis
Squamous cell
Peristalsis
Cytostasis, homeostasis
Stenography
Restenosis, stenosis

17. By:Ahmed Ali Abbas 17
steth(o)-
stheno-
stom(a)
stomat(o)-
Of or pertaining to the upper chest, chest, the area above
the breast and under the neck
strength, force, power
mouth
Of or pertaining to the mouth
-stomy
sub-
super-
supra-
sy, syl-, sym-,
syn-, sys-
creation of an opening
beneath
in excess, above, superior
above, excessive
Indicates similarity, likeness, or being together;
Assimilates before some consonants: before l to syl-, s to
sys-, before a labial consonant to sym-.
Ancient Greek ῆ (stēthos),
chest, cuirass
Greek έ
Greek ό
Ancient Greek ό, -
(stóma, stomat-), mouth
Greek -ί
Latin
Latin
Latin
Ancient Greek - (syn), with,
together
Stethoscope
Stomatogastric,
stomatognathic system
colostomy
subcutaneous tissue
superior vena cava
supraorbital vein
Symptom, synalgia,
synesthesia, syssarcosis
T
Prefix/suffix
tachy-
-tension, -tensive
tetan-
thec-
thel-
thely-
therap-
therm(o)-
thorac(i)-, thorac(o)-,
thoracico-
thromb(o)-
thyr(o)-
thym-
-tic
toco-
-tome
-tomy
tono-
-tony
top(o)-
Meaning
Denoting something as fast, irregularly fast
pressure
rigid, tense
case, sheath
Of or pertaining to a nipple [uncommon as a prefix]
Denoting something as 'relating to a woman,
feminine'
treatment
Origin language and etymology
Ancient Greek ύ (tachys), fast,
quickly
Latin
Ancient Greek tetanos
Ancient Greek ή (theke)
Ancient Greek ή (thēlē), a teat,
nipple
Ancient Greek ῆ (thēlys), female,
feminine
Ancient Greek (therapeía)
Example(s)
Tachycardia
Hypertension
tetanus
Intrathecal
Theleplasty
Thelygenous
hydrotherapy,
therapeutic
heat
Of or pertaining to the upper chest, chest; the area
above the breast and under the neck
Of or relating to a blood clot, clotting of blood
thyroid
emotions
pertaining to
childbirth
cutting instrument
act of cutting; incising, incision
tone, tension, pressure
tension
place, topical
Ancient Greek ό (thermós)
Latin (thōrāx) < Ancient Greek ώ
(thōrax), chest, cuirass
Ancient Greek ό (thrómbos),
lump, piece, clot of blood
Greek -ή
Greek: "thymos", spirit, soul; courage;
breath, mind, emotions
Greek -ό
Greek ό
Greek ή
Greek -ί
Greek ό (tonos)
Greek -ί
Greek ό
Thorax
Thrombus,
thrombocytopenia
dysthymia
Gastrotomy
Topical anesthetic

18. By:Ahmed Ali Abbas 18
tort(i)-
tox(i)-, tox(o)-,
toxic(o)-
trache(a)-
trachel(o)-
twisted
toxin, poison
Latin tortus
Greek ό
Torticollis
Toxoplasmosis
trachea
Of or pertaining to the neck
Greek ί
Ancient Greek ά (tráchēlos),
neck
Tracheotomy
tracheloplasty
trans- Denoting something as moving or situated 'across' or Latin trāns, across, through
'through'
three
Of or pertaining to hair, hair-like structure
Transfusion
tri-
trich(i)-, trichia,
trich(o)-
-tripsy
-trophy
tympan(o)-
crushing
nourishment, development
eardrum
Latin
Ancient Greek ί, ()- (thríx,
trich(o)-), hair
Greek ί
Greek -ί, ή
Greek ύ
triangle
Trichocyst
Lithotripsy
Pseudohypertrophy
Tympanocentesis
U
Prefix/suffix
-ula, -ule
ultra-
umbilic-
ungui-
un(i)-
ur(o)-
uri(c)-,
urico-
urin-
uter(o)-
Meaning
small
beyond, excessive
Of or pertaining to the navel, the umbilicus
Of or pertaining to the nail, a claw
Origin language and etymology
Latin
Latin
Latin (umbilīcus), navel, belly-button
Latin (unguis), nail, claw
Example(s)
Nodule
one Latin (unus)
Of or pertaining to urine, the urinary system; (specifically)
pertaining to the physiological chemistry of urine
uric acid
Ancient Greek ὖ (ouron), urine
Umbilical
Unguiform,
Ungual
Unilateral hearing
loss
Urology
Greek ὐό
Of or pertaining to urine, the urinary system
Of or pertaining to the uterus or womb
Latin (ūrīna), urine < Ancient Greek
 (ouron), see above.
Latin (uterus), womb, uterus
Uriniferous
Uterus
V

19. By:Ahmed Ali Abbas 19
Prefix or
suffix
vagin-
varic(o)-
vas(o)-
vasculo-
ven-
Meaning Origin language and etymology Examples
ventr(o)-
Of or pertaining to the vagina
swollen or twisted vein
duct, blood vessel
blood vessel
Of or pertaining to the (blood) veins, a vein (used in terms
pertaining to the vascular system)
Of or pertaining to the belly; the stomach cavities
Latin (vāgīna), sheath, scabbard
Latin varix
Latin
Latin vāsculum
Latin (vēna), blood-vessel, vein
Vagina
varicose
vasoconstriction
Vein, Venospasm
ventricul(o)-
-version
Of or pertaining to the ventricles; any hollow region inside
an organ
turning
Latin (venter), the belly, the stomach; the
womb
Latin (venter), the ventricles of the heart, the
ventricles of the brain
Latin versiō
Ventrodorsal
vesic(o)-
viscer(o)-
Of or pertaining to the bladder
Of or pertaining to the internal organs, the viscera
Latin (vēsīca), bladder; blister
Latin (viscera), internal organs; plural of
(viscerum), internal organ
Cardiac
ventriculography
anteversion,
retroversion
vesical arteries
Viscera
X
Prefix/suffix
xanth(o)-
xen(o)-
xer(o)-
Meaning Origin language and etymology Example(s)
Denoting a yellow color, an abnormally yellow color Ancient Greek ό (xanthós), yellow Xanthopathy
Foreign, different
dry, desert-like
Greek έ (xenos), stranger
Greek ό (xeros), dry
Xenograft
Xerostomia
Y
Prefix/suffix
-y
Meaning Origin language and etymology Example(s)
condition or process of Latin -ia < Greek -ί Surgery
Z
Prefix/suffix
zo(o)-
zym(o)-
Meaning Origin language and etymology
animal, animal life Greek ῷ
fermentation Greek ύ
Example(s)
zoology
enzyme, lysozyme

20. By:Ahmed Ali Abbas 20
English meanings
This section contains lists of different root classification (e.g. body components, quantity, description, etc.). Each list
is alphabetized by English meanings, with the corresponding Greek and Latin roots given.
Roots of the body
Roots of bodily concepts
Bodily concept Greek root Latin root Other root
Digestion
Disease
Eating
-pepsia
-pathy
-phagia
-
-
-
-
-
-
Roots of body parts and components
(Internal anatomy, external anatomy, body fluids, body substances)
Body part or component
abdomen
aorta
arm
armpit
artery
back
big toe
bladder
blood
blood clot
blood vessel
body
bone
bone marrow, marrow
brain
breast
chest
cheek
ear
eggs, ova
eye
eyelid
face
fallopian tubes
fat, fatty tissue
Greek root
lapar(o)-
aort(o)-
brachi(o)-
-
arteri(o)-
-
-
cyst(o)-
Latin root
abdomin-
aort(o)-
-
axill-
-
dors-
allic-
vesic(o)-
Other root
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
optic(o)- [French]
-
-
-
-
haemat-, hemat- (haem-, hem-) sangui-, sanguine-
thromb(o)-
angi(o)-
somat-, som-
oste(o)-
myel(o)-
encephal(o)-
mast(o)-
steth(o)-
-Zygomatic
ot(o)-
oo-
ophthalm(o)-
blephar(o)-
prosop(o)-
salping(o)-
lip(o)-
-
vascul-, vas-
corpor-
ossi-
medull-
cerebr(o)-, pector-
mamm(o)-
-
bucc-
aur(i)-
ov-
ocul(o)-
cili-, palpebr-
faci(o)-
-
adip-

21. By:Ahmed Ali Abbas 21
finger
forehead
gallbladder
genitals, sexually undifferentiated
gland
glans penis or clitoridis
gums
hair
hand
head
heart
hip, hip-joint
horn
intestine
jaw
kidney
knee
lip
liver
loins, pubic region
lungs
marrow, bone marrow
mind
mouth
muscle
nail
navel
neck
nerve; the nervous system
nipple, teat
nose
ovary
pelvis
penis
pupil (of the eye)
rib
rib cage
shoulder
sinus
dactyl(o)-
-
cholecyst(o)-
gon(o)-, phall(o)-
aden(o)-
balan(o)-
-
trich(o)-
cheir(o)-, chir(o)-
cephal(o)-
cardi(o)-
-
cerat(o)-
enter(o)-
gnath(o)-
nephr(o)-
gon-
cheil(o)-, chil(o)-
hepat(o)-, (hepatic-)
episi(o)-
pneumon-
myel(o)-
psych-
stomat(o)-
my(o)-
onych(o)-
omphal(o)-
trachel(o)-
neur(o)-
thele-
rhin(o)-
oophor(o)-
pyel(o)-
pe(o)-
cor-, core-, coro-
pleur(o)-
thorac(i)-, thorac(o)-
om(o)-
-
digit-
front(o)-
fell-
-
-
-
gingiv-
capill-
manu-
capit(o)-
cordi-
cox-
cornu-
-
-
ren-
genu-
labi(o)-
jecor-
pudend-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
pulmon(i)-, (pulmo-) -
medull-
ment-
or-
-
ungui-
umbilic-
cervic-
nerv-
papill-, mammill-
nas-
ovari(o)-
pelv(i)-
-
-
cost(o)-
-
humer(o)-
sinus-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

22. By:Ahmed Ali Abbas 22
skin
skull
stomach
testis
throat (upper throat cavity)
dermat(o)-, (derm-)
crani(o)-
gastr(o)-
orchi(o)-, orchid(o)-
pharyng(o)-
throat (lower throat cavity/voice box]) laryng(o)-
thumb
tooth
tongue
toe
tumour
ureter
urethra
urine, urinary System
uterine tubes
uterus
vagina
vein
vulva
womb
wrist
-
odont(o)-
gloss-, glott-
dactyl(o)-
cel-, onc(o)-
ureter(o)-
urethr(o)-, urethr(a)-
ur(o)-
sarping(o)-
hyster(o)-, metr(o)-
colp(o)-
phleb(o)-
episi(o)-
hyster(o)-, metr(o)-
carp(o)-
cut-, cuticul-
-
ventr(o)-
-
-
-
pollic-
dent(i)-
lingu(a)-
digit-
tum-
ureter(o)-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
urethr(o)-, urethr(a)- -
urin(o)-
sarping(o)-
uter(o)-
vagin-
ven-
vulv-
uter(o)-
carp(o)-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Roots of color
Color
black
blue
gray, grey
green
purple
red
Greek root in English Latin root in English
melano-
cyano-
polio-
chlor(o)-
porphyr(o)-
erythr(o)-, rhod(o)-
Other root
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
jaun - [French]
red-orange cirrh(o)-
white
yellow
leuc-, leuk-
xanth(o)-
nigr-
-
-
vir-
purpur-, purpureo-
rub-, rubr-
-
alb-
flav-

23. By:Ahmed Ali Abbas 23
Roots of description
(Size, shape, strength, etc.)
Description
bad, incorrect
bent, crooked
big
biggest
broad, wide
cold
dead
equal
false
female, feminine
flat
good, well
great
hard
heavy
hollow
huge
incorrect, bad
irregular
Greek root in English Latin root in English Other root
cac(o)-, dys-
ankyl(o)-
mega-, megal(o)-
megist-
eury-
cry(o)-
necr(o)-
is(o)-
pseud(o)-
thely-
platy-
eu-
mega-, megal(o)-
scler(o)-
bar(o)-
coel(o)-
megal(o)-
cac(o)-, dys-
poikil(o)
large; extremely large mega-
largest
long
male, masculine
narrow
new
normal, correct
old
sharp
short
small
smallest
slow
fast
soft
straight
thick
megist-
macr(o)-
arseno-
sten(o)-
ne(o)-
orth(o)-
paleo-
oxy-
brachy-
micr(o)-
-
brady-
tachy-
malac(o)-
orth(o)-
pachy-
mal(e)-
prav(i)-
magn(i)-
maxim-
lat(i)-
frig(i)-
mort-
equ(i)-
fals(i)-
-
plan(i)-
ben(e)-, bon(i)-
magn(i)-
dur(i)-
grav(i)-
cav(i)-
magn(i)-
mal(e)-
-
magn(i)-
maxim-
long(i)-
vir-
angust(i)-
nov(i)-
rect(i)-
veter-
ac-
brev(i)-
parv(i)- (rare)
minim-
tard(i)-
celer-
moll(i)-
rect(i)-
crass(i)-
mis-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
mis-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

24. By:Ahmed Ali Abbas 24
varied, various
well, good
wide, broad
poikilo-
eu-
eury-
vari-
ben(e)-
lat(i)-
-
-
-
Roots of position
Description Greek root in English Latin root in English Other root
around
left
middle
right
peri-
levo-
mes(o)-
dexi(o)-
surrounding peri-
circum-
laev(o)-, sinistr-
medi-
dextr(o)-
circum-
-
-
-
-
-
Prefixes of quantity
(Amount, quantity)
Description Greek root in English Latin root in English
double
equal
few
half
diplo-
iso-
oligo-
hemi-
Other root
-
-
-
demi- (French)
-
-
many, much poly-
twice dis-
dupli-
equi-
pauci-
semi-
multi-
bis-
References
webbbbbwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww
Bibliography
"Root Words: Quick Reference."
License
BY : Ahmed Ali Abbas
Babylon University College of Dentistry

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