Kelly Jones: The Intersection of Health and Agriculture through a Gender LensIFPRI Gender
A4NH and Gender Task Force seminar on Gender, Agriculture, and Health: Tracing the Links
Screencast recording: https://www.dropbox.com/s/zer79kc0vnsrsgy/2015-10-20%2009.31%2010_20%20A4NH_IFPRI%20Gender%20Task%20Force%20Seminar_%20Gender%2C%20agriculture%2C%20and%20health.mp4?dl=0
How can we take into account health in our agriculture, nutrition, and gender research? Health and nutrition are closely interrelated: health status influences nutritional outcomes, by mediating a person’s ability to utilize nutrients and lead a healthy life, and nutritional status influences health, by mediating a person’s vulnerability to various illnesses. Both health and nutrition are directly and indirectly affected by rural livelihood decisions related to agriculture, livestock, and water management. Livelihood decisions and duties are gendered, in that social identity influences an individual’s options and choices. Men and women’s exposure to health risks, capacity to provide health care, and access to health services often vary due to these differing roles and rights.
This seminar provides three case studies in how gender dynamics in rural livelihoods influence health, and in turn, nutrition. Intended as an introduction to topics in gender, health, and agriculture, the seminar will help researchers familiar with the agriculture-to-nutrition pathways begin to think about how health has bearings on this framework.
In the seminar, Kelly Jones will present on recent research that traces how livelihood shocks may increase HIV transmission through higher-risk sex, especially for women. Elizabeth Bryan will share early-stage research on the links between small-scale irrigation adoption, gender, and health and nutrition outcomes. Delia Grace will introduce a gender-sensitive participatory risk assessment framework for addressing food safety.
Introduction: Inbreeding increases homozygotes for autosomal recessive disorders resulting in high prevalence of congenital heart disease (CHD). This cross-section looks whether consanguineous marriage (CM) makes CHDs more complex.
Subjects and Methods: This was an observational study which looked at the cross-section of a cohort of consecutive 113 patients having different CHD who visited Nizam Institute of Medical Sciences, Andhra Pradesh, during the year 2016 for surgery or intervention. The definitive diagnosis of CHD was supported by clinical profile, chest X-ray, echo, ultrasound abdomen, and cardiac catheterization which is appropriate. The study population was divided into CM group and distance marriage (DM) group. The categorical variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results: Out of 113 patients with CHD, 61 (54%) were females. A majority 104 (94%) were Hindu. About 74% of patients were from below poverty line category. Approximately 27% and 73% patients were born out of consanguineous and DM, respectively. Most of the patients were from a rural background, and 63.7% had an education level of ≤10th class. Approximately, a total of 50 (44.2%) patients had complex CHDs (CCHDs). CCHD had significant association with CM (odds ratio: 2.60 95% confidence interval: 1.11–6.09, and P = 0.02).
Conclusion: As there was a significant association of CCHD with inbreed marriage, this observation discourages CM.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can develop after exposure to a traumatic event like Hurricane Katrina. PTSD is characterized by re-experiencing, avoidance, numbing, and hyperarousal symptoms. Those exposed to primary stressors of Katrina like life-threatening experiences or death of loved ones are most at risk. Environmental factors like level of trauma exposure, social support, and pre-existing mental health issues also influence risk. Early intervention is important as PTSD can take 3-6 months to develop fully. Treatment relies on cognitive and pharmacological therapy along with social support.
This document discusses disaster management in ASEAN countries. It begins with an overview of current disaster risks and efforts in ASEAN, noting that while natural disasters cannot be stopped, preparedness can mitigate damage through emergency planning and infrastructure. It then reviews conceptual frameworks for different disaster types and levels of risk. The document outlines household and government risk management strategies pre- and post-disaster. It analyzes current challenges in ASEAN's underdeveloped disaster insurance markets and mechanisms for regional risk pooling. The document concludes with policy implications such as developing formal regional risk diversification facilities and regulatory support for disaster-linked insurance and data collection.
The document summarizes the effects of a major tornado that hit Tuscaloosa, Alabama in 2011, killing over 200 people across the state. It discusses the damage done to the city of Tuscaloosa and to the hospitals, with over 600 patients treated at one hospital. It then discusses legal and ethical issues that arise during disaster response, including balancing emergency powers and civil liberties. It also outlines planning considerations for hospitals during disasters, such as communicating without power, tracking patients, handling waste, and obtaining critical supplies in the event of infrastructure losses.
This document provides an overview of a lecture on disaster nursing. It begins with introducing the speakers and objectives of the lecture. The bulk of the document then defines disasters and different types. It discusses the health impacts of various natural disasters like hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, earthquakes, and volcanoes. The document also covers disaster phases, the role of nursing in disasters, and argues that disaster nursing training needs to be incorporated into nursing education programs globally. It promotes using an online "Supercourse" to disseminate disaster nursing education materials worldwide.
This document is a lecture on disaster nursing that covers several key topics:
1. It defines disasters and discusses different types including natural disasters like hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, earthquakes, and volcanoes.
2. It outlines the phases of disasters from mitigation to preparedness to response to recovery.
3. It emphasizes the important role that nurses can play in disasters but notes they often receive little training. The lecture aims to educate nursing students on disaster nursing concepts.
4. It discusses strategies like effective communication, establishing registries, and training programs to better prepare nurses for disaster response roles.
The document discusses the complex causes of human health risks. It identifies factors like water, geology, ecology, weather, climate change and pollution that can impact health. Personal lifestyle choices like smoking and diet are identified as health risk factors, as well as broader factors like quality of housing, work environment and road safety. A case study on a cholera outbreak in London in the 1800s highlights how the physician John Snow used epidemiology to study its causes and transmission through water.
Kelly Jones: The Intersection of Health and Agriculture through a Gender LensIFPRI Gender
A4NH and Gender Task Force seminar on Gender, Agriculture, and Health: Tracing the Links
Screencast recording: https://www.dropbox.com/s/zer79kc0vnsrsgy/2015-10-20%2009.31%2010_20%20A4NH_IFPRI%20Gender%20Task%20Force%20Seminar_%20Gender%2C%20agriculture%2C%20and%20health.mp4?dl=0
How can we take into account health in our agriculture, nutrition, and gender research? Health and nutrition are closely interrelated: health status influences nutritional outcomes, by mediating a person’s ability to utilize nutrients and lead a healthy life, and nutritional status influences health, by mediating a person’s vulnerability to various illnesses. Both health and nutrition are directly and indirectly affected by rural livelihood decisions related to agriculture, livestock, and water management. Livelihood decisions and duties are gendered, in that social identity influences an individual’s options and choices. Men and women’s exposure to health risks, capacity to provide health care, and access to health services often vary due to these differing roles and rights.
This seminar provides three case studies in how gender dynamics in rural livelihoods influence health, and in turn, nutrition. Intended as an introduction to topics in gender, health, and agriculture, the seminar will help researchers familiar with the agriculture-to-nutrition pathways begin to think about how health has bearings on this framework.
In the seminar, Kelly Jones will present on recent research that traces how livelihood shocks may increase HIV transmission through higher-risk sex, especially for women. Elizabeth Bryan will share early-stage research on the links between small-scale irrigation adoption, gender, and health and nutrition outcomes. Delia Grace will introduce a gender-sensitive participatory risk assessment framework for addressing food safety.
Introduction: Inbreeding increases homozygotes for autosomal recessive disorders resulting in high prevalence of congenital heart disease (CHD). This cross-section looks whether consanguineous marriage (CM) makes CHDs more complex.
Subjects and Methods: This was an observational study which looked at the cross-section of a cohort of consecutive 113 patients having different CHD who visited Nizam Institute of Medical Sciences, Andhra Pradesh, during the year 2016 for surgery or intervention. The definitive diagnosis of CHD was supported by clinical profile, chest X-ray, echo, ultrasound abdomen, and cardiac catheterization which is appropriate. The study population was divided into CM group and distance marriage (DM) group. The categorical variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results: Out of 113 patients with CHD, 61 (54%) were females. A majority 104 (94%) were Hindu. About 74% of patients were from below poverty line category. Approximately 27% and 73% patients were born out of consanguineous and DM, respectively. Most of the patients were from a rural background, and 63.7% had an education level of ≤10th class. Approximately, a total of 50 (44.2%) patients had complex CHDs (CCHDs). CCHD had significant association with CM (odds ratio: 2.60 95% confidence interval: 1.11–6.09, and P = 0.02).
Conclusion: As there was a significant association of CCHD with inbreed marriage, this observation discourages CM.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can develop after exposure to a traumatic event like Hurricane Katrina. PTSD is characterized by re-experiencing, avoidance, numbing, and hyperarousal symptoms. Those exposed to primary stressors of Katrina like life-threatening experiences or death of loved ones are most at risk. Environmental factors like level of trauma exposure, social support, and pre-existing mental health issues also influence risk. Early intervention is important as PTSD can take 3-6 months to develop fully. Treatment relies on cognitive and pharmacological therapy along with social support.
This document discusses disaster management in ASEAN countries. It begins with an overview of current disaster risks and efforts in ASEAN, noting that while natural disasters cannot be stopped, preparedness can mitigate damage through emergency planning and infrastructure. It then reviews conceptual frameworks for different disaster types and levels of risk. The document outlines household and government risk management strategies pre- and post-disaster. It analyzes current challenges in ASEAN's underdeveloped disaster insurance markets and mechanisms for regional risk pooling. The document concludes with policy implications such as developing formal regional risk diversification facilities and regulatory support for disaster-linked insurance and data collection.
The document summarizes the effects of a major tornado that hit Tuscaloosa, Alabama in 2011, killing over 200 people across the state. It discusses the damage done to the city of Tuscaloosa and to the hospitals, with over 600 patients treated at one hospital. It then discusses legal and ethical issues that arise during disaster response, including balancing emergency powers and civil liberties. It also outlines planning considerations for hospitals during disasters, such as communicating without power, tracking patients, handling waste, and obtaining critical supplies in the event of infrastructure losses.
This document provides an overview of a lecture on disaster nursing. It begins with introducing the speakers and objectives of the lecture. The bulk of the document then defines disasters and different types. It discusses the health impacts of various natural disasters like hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, earthquakes, and volcanoes. The document also covers disaster phases, the role of nursing in disasters, and argues that disaster nursing training needs to be incorporated into nursing education programs globally. It promotes using an online "Supercourse" to disseminate disaster nursing education materials worldwide.
This document is a lecture on disaster nursing that covers several key topics:
1. It defines disasters and discusses different types including natural disasters like hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, earthquakes, and volcanoes.
2. It outlines the phases of disasters from mitigation to preparedness to response to recovery.
3. It emphasizes the important role that nurses can play in disasters but notes they often receive little training. The lecture aims to educate nursing students on disaster nursing concepts.
4. It discusses strategies like effective communication, establishing registries, and training programs to better prepare nurses for disaster response roles.
The document discusses the complex causes of human health risks. It identifies factors like water, geology, ecology, weather, climate change and pollution that can impact health. Personal lifestyle choices like smoking and diet are identified as health risk factors, as well as broader factors like quality of housing, work environment and road safety. A case study on a cholera outbreak in London in the 1800s highlights how the physician John Snow used epidemiology to study its causes and transmission through water.
This document discusses a module developed through a collaboration between the Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to enhance population health education. It acknowledges the individuals and institutions involved in developing the module. The module aims to discuss key topics related to population health determinants, health status, leading causes of death, health disparities, and use of Healthy People objectives in public health planning. It was made possible through a cooperative agreement between the CDC and the Association for Prevention Teaching and Research.
This briefing note discusses the importance of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) for self-care practices related to lymphatic filariasis (LF) and leprosy. It notes that while strategies for morbidity management and disability prevention (MMDP) focus on self-care, they do not adequately address WASH access needs. Limited WASH access poses a barrier to effective self-care and achieving disease elimination targets. The note calls for WASH to be more prominently featured in MMDP policies and programming to better support those living with long-term impairments from LF and leprosy.
This report examined the association between renal failure admissions (RFA) to hospitals in Victoria, Australia and socioeconomic disadvantage across 79 local government areas from 2011-2014. The results showed that RFA rates varied inversely with socioeconomic disadvantage and the most disadvantaged areas had RFA rates 2.4 times higher than the least disadvantaged areas. Areas with high RFA rates also had high rates of other conditions like heart failure and COPD. The variations in RFA rates likely reflect factors like access to adequate care, delayed referral to nephrology services, and lack of understanding about the disease among patients. Addressing chronic kidney disease and renal failure remains a public health challenge.
1. The document defines key epidemiological terms like epidemic, outbreak, endemic, pandemic, herd immunity, incubation period, and quarantine. It also describes different types of epidemics such as point source, propagated, and continuous exposure epidemics.
2. The stages of outbreak investigation are outlined which include verifying the diagnosis, confirming the outbreak, defining the population at risk, conducting a rapid search for cases, analyzing the data, formulating hypotheses, and reporting findings.
3. Trigger levels for different diseases are discussed to determine the appropriate response level based on the number and severity of cases. Line listing of cases is also described as a tool to collect epidemiological information during an outbreak investigation.
The document discusses the benefits of chiropractic care and correcting vertebral subluxations. It explains that subluxations can develop from physical, chemical, or emotional stresses and interfere with nerve function, compromising health. Left uncorrected, subluxations can progress through phases of degeneration over decades. However, chiropractic adjustments can correct subluxations and improve mobility, function, and quality of life. Research shows chiropractic effective for both acute and chronic back pain and can reduce costs compared to other treatments.
The Real World: One Health - zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeingNaomi Marks
Opening keynote presentation by Professor Jeremy Farrar, Director, Wellcome Trust, at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, London 17-18 March 2016
This document provides an introduction to epidemiology. It defines epidemiology as the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to control health problems. It discusses key epidemiological concepts such as disease frequency, distribution, and determinants. It also covers epidemiological study designs, measures of disease occurrence such as rates, ratios and proportions, and how epidemiology compares groups to identify risk factors and test hypotheses about disease causation.
The document discusses pediatric considerations in disaster situations. It notes that children are more vulnerable than adults due to their dependence on caregivers and their developing bodies and immune systems. It highlights specific risks children face from injuries, exposures to chemicals and biological agents, and radiation. It also emphasizes the importance of triage, pain assessment, airway management, and meeting children's unique medical and psychological needs in disasters.
The document discusses environmental stressors that disproportionately impact disadvantaged groups. It analyzes five main stressors: lead, heat, noise, air pollution and asthma. For each stressor, it provides evidence of biological mechanisms, epidemiological data on exposure patterns, and health impacts. Overall, the document argues that disadvantaged communities experience higher exposure and sensitivity to these stressors, with unknown cumulative health effects that could constitute environmental injustice.
TYPES OF HEALTH INDICATORS AND THEIR EXAMPLES.pptxRhuPastrana
This document discusses different types of health indicators that can be used to measure and understand health status in a population. It provides examples of indicators related to fertility rates, morbidity rates, mortality rates, and population indicators. Specifically, it defines indicators such as crude birth rate, general fertility rate, incidence rate, prevalence rate, crude death rate, infant mortality rate, and maternal mortality rate. It also provides examples of how to calculate some of these rates, such as incidence rate and prevalence rate, using population and health data.
This document provides an introduction to the course MPH 5101: Epidemiology. It defines epidemiology as the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in human populations. The document summarizes the historical evolution of epidemiology, from Hippocrates to John Snow. It also lists the key features and uses of descriptive and analytic epidemiology, and components of the epidemiologic triad.
This document outlines a lecture on disaster nursing. It begins with an introduction that defines key terms like disaster and discusses types of natural disasters. It then covers topics like patterns of mortality and injury from disasters, the phases of disaster response, and the roles and responsibilities of nurses during disasters. The document emphasizes that nurses are on the frontlines during disasters but receive little disaster-related training. It promotes developing a online "Supercourse" to educate nurses worldwide on disaster nursing concepts and preparedness. The overall goal is to build global awareness of the importance of disaster nursing.
This document summarizes a workshop on radiation risk communication with the news media during an emergency response. It outlines key principles for effective risk communication, including keeping messages simple, telling the truth, listening to concerns, and placing risk in perspective by comparing to everyday exposures. The document recommends preparing, understanding audience needs, and practicing delivery. It also discusses news media goals and questions, and cites the Kemeny Commission report on Three Mile Island for lessons learned about poor communication during that incident.
This document discusses the spectrum of health and types of epidemics. It defines health according to the WHO as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not just the absence of disease. Positive health is described as the optimum functioning of the body, mind, and participation in society. An epidemic is an unusual increase in illness or health issues in a defined area over a specific period. Common source epidemics can be from single or continuous exposure, while propagated epidemics spread person-to-person or via vectors. Determinants of health include biological, behavioral, environmental, and socioeconomic factors.
This document outlines a lecture on disaster nursing. It defines disasters and different types. It discusses patterns of injury and mortality from various natural disasters like hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, earthquakes, and volcanoes. It emphasizes the role of nursing in all phases of disaster management from mitigation and preparedness to response and recovery. Specific nursing roles include triage, addressing mental health needs, caring for vulnerable groups, and coordinating with other agencies. The document argues that education on disaster nursing concepts should be provided to nurses worldwide to strengthen disaster response.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in community medicine and epidemiology. It defines terms like health, disease, illness and sickness. It discusses community medicine and how it focuses on populations rather than individuals. The document outlines methods of community diagnosis including discussion, records review, and field surveys. It also discusses epidemiology, including its definition, scope, history, types (descriptive vs analytical), and how epidemiological studies examine the distribution of diseases by person, place and time. The goal of epidemiology is to identify determinants of disease to aid in prevention and control efforts.
This document discusses the impacts of disasters on health and the environment. It provides an overview of key topics including how disasters affect the health system and disease transmission. Disasters can indirectly impact health through effects on other sectors like water and sanitation. The health impacts of disasters depend on factors like the type of disaster, pre-existing public health conditions, and the effectiveness of the response. Both communicable and non-communicable diseases are discussed, as well as how different disaster types carry varying risks of epidemics. Specific health impacts of disasters like earthquakes, floods, and complex emergencies are also outlined.
Global climate change may pose health risks, especially for the elderly, sick, and poor, according to a new report. While the U.S. likely has resources to prevent worst case scenarios, developing countries may be less able to cope. Experts say public health systems worldwide need strengthening to deal with potential increased risks from heat waves, air pollution, and water- and vector-borne diseases. Climate change impacts are complex and uncertainties remain about health effects.
The document summarizes information presented at a science pub event about the H1N1 influenza pandemic. The goals of the event were to introduce a framework for thinking about emergencies, provide background on influenza biology and the current pandemic situation, and discuss the public health response. Key points included that influenza causes typical flu symptoms, most cases recover without treatment, those most at risk are pregnant women and those with medical conditions, and public health strategies focus on prevention through behaviors like hand washing and vaccination as well as temporary healthcare access during a pandemic.
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Disaster risk reduction and nursing - human science research the view of surv...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
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This document discusses a module developed through a collaboration between the Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to enhance population health education. It acknowledges the individuals and institutions involved in developing the module. The module aims to discuss key topics related to population health determinants, health status, leading causes of death, health disparities, and use of Healthy People objectives in public health planning. It was made possible through a cooperative agreement between the CDC and the Association for Prevention Teaching and Research.
This briefing note discusses the importance of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) for self-care practices related to lymphatic filariasis (LF) and leprosy. It notes that while strategies for morbidity management and disability prevention (MMDP) focus on self-care, they do not adequately address WASH access needs. Limited WASH access poses a barrier to effective self-care and achieving disease elimination targets. The note calls for WASH to be more prominently featured in MMDP policies and programming to better support those living with long-term impairments from LF and leprosy.
This report examined the association between renal failure admissions (RFA) to hospitals in Victoria, Australia and socioeconomic disadvantage across 79 local government areas from 2011-2014. The results showed that RFA rates varied inversely with socioeconomic disadvantage and the most disadvantaged areas had RFA rates 2.4 times higher than the least disadvantaged areas. Areas with high RFA rates also had high rates of other conditions like heart failure and COPD. The variations in RFA rates likely reflect factors like access to adequate care, delayed referral to nephrology services, and lack of understanding about the disease among patients. Addressing chronic kidney disease and renal failure remains a public health challenge.
1. The document defines key epidemiological terms like epidemic, outbreak, endemic, pandemic, herd immunity, incubation period, and quarantine. It also describes different types of epidemics such as point source, propagated, and continuous exposure epidemics.
2. The stages of outbreak investigation are outlined which include verifying the diagnosis, confirming the outbreak, defining the population at risk, conducting a rapid search for cases, analyzing the data, formulating hypotheses, and reporting findings.
3. Trigger levels for different diseases are discussed to determine the appropriate response level based on the number and severity of cases. Line listing of cases is also described as a tool to collect epidemiological information during an outbreak investigation.
The document discusses the benefits of chiropractic care and correcting vertebral subluxations. It explains that subluxations can develop from physical, chemical, or emotional stresses and interfere with nerve function, compromising health. Left uncorrected, subluxations can progress through phases of degeneration over decades. However, chiropractic adjustments can correct subluxations and improve mobility, function, and quality of life. Research shows chiropractic effective for both acute and chronic back pain and can reduce costs compared to other treatments.
The Real World: One Health - zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeingNaomi Marks
Opening keynote presentation by Professor Jeremy Farrar, Director, Wellcome Trust, at the One Health for the Real World: zoonoses, ecosystems and wellbeing symposium, London 17-18 March 2016
This document provides an introduction to epidemiology. It defines epidemiology as the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to control health problems. It discusses key epidemiological concepts such as disease frequency, distribution, and determinants. It also covers epidemiological study designs, measures of disease occurrence such as rates, ratios and proportions, and how epidemiology compares groups to identify risk factors and test hypotheses about disease causation.
The document discusses pediatric considerations in disaster situations. It notes that children are more vulnerable than adults due to their dependence on caregivers and their developing bodies and immune systems. It highlights specific risks children face from injuries, exposures to chemicals and biological agents, and radiation. It also emphasizes the importance of triage, pain assessment, airway management, and meeting children's unique medical and psychological needs in disasters.
The document discusses environmental stressors that disproportionately impact disadvantaged groups. It analyzes five main stressors: lead, heat, noise, air pollution and asthma. For each stressor, it provides evidence of biological mechanisms, epidemiological data on exposure patterns, and health impacts. Overall, the document argues that disadvantaged communities experience higher exposure and sensitivity to these stressors, with unknown cumulative health effects that could constitute environmental injustice.
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This document discusses different types of health indicators that can be used to measure and understand health status in a population. It provides examples of indicators related to fertility rates, morbidity rates, mortality rates, and population indicators. Specifically, it defines indicators such as crude birth rate, general fertility rate, incidence rate, prevalence rate, crude death rate, infant mortality rate, and maternal mortality rate. It also provides examples of how to calculate some of these rates, such as incidence rate and prevalence rate, using population and health data.
This document provides an introduction to the course MPH 5101: Epidemiology. It defines epidemiology as the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in human populations. The document summarizes the historical evolution of epidemiology, from Hippocrates to John Snow. It also lists the key features and uses of descriptive and analytic epidemiology, and components of the epidemiologic triad.
This document outlines a lecture on disaster nursing. It begins with an introduction that defines key terms like disaster and discusses types of natural disasters. It then covers topics like patterns of mortality and injury from disasters, the phases of disaster response, and the roles and responsibilities of nurses during disasters. The document emphasizes that nurses are on the frontlines during disasters but receive little disaster-related training. It promotes developing a online "Supercourse" to educate nurses worldwide on disaster nursing concepts and preparedness. The overall goal is to build global awareness of the importance of disaster nursing.
This document summarizes a workshop on radiation risk communication with the news media during an emergency response. It outlines key principles for effective risk communication, including keeping messages simple, telling the truth, listening to concerns, and placing risk in perspective by comparing to everyday exposures. The document recommends preparing, understanding audience needs, and practicing delivery. It also discusses news media goals and questions, and cites the Kemeny Commission report on Three Mile Island for lessons learned about poor communication during that incident.
This document discusses the spectrum of health and types of epidemics. It defines health according to the WHO as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not just the absence of disease. Positive health is described as the optimum functioning of the body, mind, and participation in society. An epidemic is an unusual increase in illness or health issues in a defined area over a specific period. Common source epidemics can be from single or continuous exposure, while propagated epidemics spread person-to-person or via vectors. Determinants of health include biological, behavioral, environmental, and socioeconomic factors.
This document outlines a lecture on disaster nursing. It defines disasters and different types. It discusses patterns of injury and mortality from various natural disasters like hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, earthquakes, and volcanoes. It emphasizes the role of nursing in all phases of disaster management from mitigation and preparedness to response and recovery. Specific nursing roles include triage, addressing mental health needs, caring for vulnerable groups, and coordinating with other agencies. The document argues that education on disaster nursing concepts should be provided to nurses worldwide to strengthen disaster response.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in community medicine and epidemiology. It defines terms like health, disease, illness and sickness. It discusses community medicine and how it focuses on populations rather than individuals. The document outlines methods of community diagnosis including discussion, records review, and field surveys. It also discusses epidemiology, including its definition, scope, history, types (descriptive vs analytical), and how epidemiological studies examine the distribution of diseases by person, place and time. The goal of epidemiology is to identify determinants of disease to aid in prevention and control efforts.
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Global climate change may pose health risks, especially for the elderly, sick, and poor, according to a new report. While the U.S. likely has resources to prevent worst case scenarios, developing countries may be less able to cope. Experts say public health systems worldwide need strengthening to deal with potential increased risks from heat waves, air pollution, and water- and vector-borne diseases. Climate change impacts are complex and uncertainties remain about health effects.
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The document discusses capacity development for disaster risk reduction at the national and local levels. It explores strengths and weaknesses of current DRR capacity development efforts, and presents UNITAR's contribution through a new K4Resilience hub initiative. The initiative aims to strengthen DRR capacity development at national and sub-national levels by transferring knowledge and technology, advocating for positive change, achieving economies of scale in training, and facilitating peer-to-peer learning and mainstreaming of knowledge through strategies at the national and sub-national levels.
Dynamic factors influencing the post-disaster resettlement success Lessons fr...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Consequences of the Armed Conflict as a Stressor of Climate Change in Colombi...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Disaster Risk Perception in Cameroon and its Implications for the Rehabilitat...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Systematic Knowledge Sharing of Natural Hazard Damages in Public-private Part...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Exploring the Effectiveness of Humanitarian NGO-Private Sector Collaborations...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Can UK Water Service Providers Manage Risk and Resilience as Part of a Multi-...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
The document discusses a study examining how well UK water service providers incorporate risk management and resilience as part of a multi-agency approach. The researchers analyzed 38 Community Risk Registers and found inconsistencies in style, structure, and level of detail when assessing risks like water infrastructure failures or drought. They conclude that improved consistency is needed in how water providers engage in and contribute their risk assessments to the community planning process.
A Holistic Approach Towards International Disaster Resilient Architecture by ...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
6th International Disaster and Risk Conference IDRC 2016 Integrative Risk Management - Towards Resilient Cities. 28 August - 01 September 2016 in Davos, Switzerland
Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)MuskanShingari
Statistics- Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing and interpreting numerical data to assist in making more effective decisions.
A statistics is a measure which is used to estimate the population parameter
Parameters-It is used to describe the properties of an entire population.
Examples-Measures of central tendency Dispersion, Variance, Standard Deviation (SD), Absolute Error, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Eigen Value
Discover the benefits of homeopathic medicine for irregular periods with our guide on 5 common remedies. Learn how these natural treatments can help regulate menstrual cycles and improve overall menstrual health.
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STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7shruti jagirdar
Unit 4: MRA 103T Regulatory affairs
This guideline is directed principally toward new Molecular Entities that are
likely to have significant use in the elderly, either because the disease intended
to be treated is characteristically a disease of aging ( e.g., Alzheimer's disease) or
because the population to be treated is known to include substantial numbers of
geriatric patients (e.g., hypertension).
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapyDr. Sumit KUMAR
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Giloy in Ayurveda - Classical Categorization and SynonymsPlanet Ayurveda
Giloy, also known as Guduchi or Amrita in classical Ayurvedic texts, is a revered herb renowned for its myriad health benefits. It is categorized as a Rasayana, meaning it has rejuvenating properties that enhance vitality and longevity. Giloy is celebrated for its ability to boost the immune system, detoxify the body, and promote overall wellness. Its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antioxidant properties make it a staple in managing conditions like fever, diabetes, and stress. The versatility and efficacy of Giloy in supporting health naturally highlight its importance in Ayurveda. At Planet Ayurveda, we provide a comprehensive range of health services and 100% herbal supplements that harness the power of natural ingredients like Giloy. Our products are globally available and affordable, ensuring that everyone can benefit from the ancient wisdom of Ayurveda. If you or your loved ones are dealing with health issues, contact Planet Ayurveda at 01725214040 to book an online video consultation with our professional doctors. Let us help you achieve optimal health and wellness naturally.
Are you looking for a long-lasting solution to your missing tooth?
Dental implants are the most common type of method for replacing the missing tooth. Unlike dentures or bridges, implants are surgically placed in the jawbone. In layman’s terms, a dental implant is similar to the natural root of the tooth. It offers a stable foundation for the artificial tooth giving it the look, feel, and function similar to the natural tooth.
The biomechanics of running involves the study of the mechanical principles underlying running movements. It includes the analysis of the running gait cycle, which consists of the stance phase (foot contact to push-off) and the swing phase (foot lift-off to next contact). Key aspects include kinematics (joint angles and movements, stride length and frequency) and kinetics (forces involved in running, including ground reaction and muscle forces). Understanding these factors helps in improving running performance, optimizing technique, and preventing injuries.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
Ageing, the Elderly, Gerontology and Public Health
Measuring Social, Health and Economic Impacts of Disasters: Experiences from 9 MICRODIS Sites (special session)
1. Measuring Social, Health and Economic Impacts of Disasters: Experiences from 9 MICRODIS Sites (special session) Tewkesbury and Morpeth UK Maureen Fordham, Supriya Akerkar, Manuela Scharf, Tim Wind, Laura Irvine [email_address] Disclaimer 3RD INTERNATIONAL DISASTER AND RISK CONFERENCE IDRC RISK, DISASTERS, CRISIS AND GLOBAL CHANGE - FROM THREATS TO SUSTAINABLE OPPORTUNITIES 30 MAY - 3 JUNE 2010 ¦ DAVOS, SWITZERLAND
2. Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire in the South Midlands of England and its location in the UK Flooded in July 2007 Worst flood in recorded history 3 deaths 1000 properties flooded Completed questionnaires: Flooded = 136; Non-flooded = 76
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6. Morpeth : Not receiving a warning appears to have worsened the whole experience for people. There was a consistent pattern of higher average ratings of seriousness from those not warned Rating (1 to 10) the seriousness of loss or damage to:
7. Morpeth : There was a consistent pattern of higher average ratings (1 to 10) of impacts and consequences of the flood.
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9. Morpeth & Tewkesbury : around a quarter of respondents in both sites reported illnesses. Very few were physical Morpeth Frequency % (rounded) Diarrhoea 1 2 Acute respiratory tract infection (pneumonia, bronchitis) 2 3 Skin infection 2 3 Cancer 2 3 Heart problems / angina 2 3 Infectious disease (including cold/flu) 1 2 Feeling depressed 25 40 Feeling anxious 8 13 Persistently stressed/stressed to an unusual extent 4 7 Insomnia 1 2 High blood pressure 1 2 Other 13 21 Total 62 100
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12. Morpeth : We see a difference in actual damages reported between warned/not warned and according to when the warning was received – those who received a warning before the flood had lower damages than those who received one later but the numbers are small (40 and 8) and so the analysis is less secure
13. Morpeth : Those not warned are less willing to pay (WTP) towards a flood scheme. But those who are willing will generally pay more. Many people protested against paying anything at all: they do not trust those in charge; they do not feel they should pay extra to their insurance %
Editor's Notes
Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire July 2007 Flood Worst flood in recorded history Almost two months rainfall in just one day in Tewkesbury 1000 properties (810 residential) directly flooded – many others affected Town centre completely cut off from vehicles Residents without water for up to 18 days 3 deaths Many households displaced Completed questionnaires: Flooded = 136; Non-flooded = 76 Response rate = 57% (after adjustment) Dataset = 44% male; 56% female 62% married/partners; 15% single; the remainder widowed, divorced/separated Age (figures are rounded up) 18-24 = 2% 25-39 = 11% 40-64 = 53% 65+ = 35%
First major flood since 1963 and largest on record (overtopped and damaged defence walls) 1 in 100 year flood event (estimate – likely larger) Slow moving storm system with 200-300% of average September rainfall in 2 days on already saturated soils 1012 properties (913 residential) flooded More than 400 evacuations/rescues on the day Many people displaced