This document provides guidance on properly citing sources in academic writing. It explains that every citation includes basic elements like the author, title, publisher and date. Additional elements may be needed depending on the source, such as page numbers for printed materials or URLs for online sources. The document also distinguishes between in-text citations used within a paper and works cited lists that appear at the end. It provides examples of MLA style citations for different source types and explains how to format in-text citations.

1. Using Information Ethically: Basics of Citations Marymount College Library

2. Basic Citation Elements Every citation has certain components that are typically present: Author/creator Title of the book/article/web site Title of the publication (if applicable) Name of publisher/sponsoring organization Date of publication Note: With many web sources, you will need to search hard to find this information, and you may not find it all.

3. Unique Citation Elements In addition to the basic components, different information sources may require extra information. For example: Print materials: page numbers Online journal articles: name of database Magazines or journals: volume and issue Web source: URL and date accessed Online photograph: name of museum/collection

4. Works Cited vs. In-Text What’s a Works Cited List? An alphabetical list of all works that you consulted in writing your paper Required evidence of where your ideas and facts came from Appears at end of your paper Example: Chan, Evans. “Postmodernism and Hong Kong Cinema.” Postmodern Culture 10.3 (2000): n.pag. Project Muse. Web. 20 May 2002. What are in-text citations? Short references to sources in your Works Cited List Requiredwherever you use others’ words, facts, images, or ideas Appear throughout the body of your paper, woven into paragraphs Example: (Chan par. 3)

5. Other Notes about In-Text If you mention the author’s name in the text, only the page number appears in the citation Example: According to Chan, Hong Kong cinema gained international attention after decolonization (1). If you use a web source without page numbers, use paragraph numbers instead Example: President Obama’s story has been likened to that of Horatio Alger (Seaquist par. 9). If the author/contributor is unknown, use the title of the work and enclose it in quotes Example: Harbor seals generally swim at depths of 10 – 20 meters (“PhocaVitulina Linnaeus, 1758” par. 1).

6. http://www.thekingcenter.org/ProgServices/Default.aspx How would you site this source in MLA?

8. Creation date or last updateNote: The inclusion of the URL (e.g. <http…>) is optional in MLA. Marymount Library recommends that you include it and that you also verify with your instructor his/her expectations.

9. MLA In-Text Citation: How & Where? Central to the philosophy of Martin Luther King Jr. was change through non-violence. Social change for African-Americans was necessary and long overdue, but MLK advocated that the means and the ends to achieving that change were equally important. In a famous published sermon from 1963, MLK encouraged his listeners and followers to love unconditionally, even though primal instincts may urge them to hate their historic oppressors. King believed that basis of injustice in all conflicts was man’s hostility to man - one he did not want to perpetuate any further. "The Beloved Community of Martin Luther King, Jr." The King Center. The King Center. 7 Jan. 2010. <http://www.thekingcenter.org/ProgServices/Default.aspx>.

10. In-Text Citation Answer Central to the philosophy of Martin Luther King Jr. was change through non-violence. Social change for African-Americans was necessary and long overdue, but MLK advocated that the means and the ends to achieving that change were equally important. In a published sermon from 1963 called “Loving Your Enemies”, MLK encouraged his listeners and followers to love unconditionally, even though primal instincts may compel them to hate their historic oppressors (“The Beloved Community” par. 10). King believed that basis of injustice in all conflicts was man’s hostility to man - one he did not want to perpetuate any further. "The Beloved Community of Martin Luther King, Jr." The King Center. The King Center. 7 Jan. 2010. <http://www.thekingcenter.org/ProgServices/Default.aspx>.

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