This museum exhibit documents the rise and fall of McCarthyism in the United States during the Cold War era. It begins with contextualizing information on the Atomic Era and start of the Cold War between the US and Soviet Union. It then covers Joseph McCarthy's rise to power as a Senator from Wisconsin and his communist investigations that led to the persecution of thousands of Americans. Key events explained include the Army-McCarthy hearings, which were televised and turned public opinion against McCarthy, ultimately leading to the decline and end of the McCarthyist era.
Huac v hollywoodActivity and Discussion HUAC and the glo.docxsalmonpybus
Huac v hollywood
Activity and Discussion
HUAC and the global Cold War
1947
5 minutes
2
1947- goal to discredit Roosevelt and Truman, associate their adminsitrations with communism. Global cold war will make accusations of communism a useful threat against political enemies. A global threat – communism- framed as an ideaological battle of good v evil will translate in American culture to a suppression of civil liberties and associations of anything deemed subversice as “communism.” this will come to include anti-nuclear protests, mixed race youth groups, lgbtq people existing, atheism, modern art, avante garde films, labor unions.
Background
Worry about infiltration of the United States by subversive elements first emerged in the 1930s, when it was believed that German agents were spreading Nazi propaganda through the country. Congress responded in 1934 by forming a Special Committee on Un-American Activities, which held hearings, issued a report, and quietly disbanded in 1935. In 1938 it was reconstituted as the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC), chaired by Texas Democrat Martin Dies. While this committee was charged with investigating pro-fascist groups, as well as hate organizations like the Ku Klux Klan, Dies chose to focus instead on suspicions that, thanks to the New Deal, members of the Communist Party had managed to infiltrate a number of federal agencies.
Because the United States and the Soviet Union were allies during World War II, HUAC remained fairly quiet during the war years, but in 1946 it became a permanent standing committee, charged with investigating any individual or group that challenged "the form of government guaranteed by our Constitution." Then, after Republicans won majorities in both houses of Congress in the 1946 elections, the committee began to examine federal employees who were allegedly attracted to communism, and who had promoted policies favorable to the Soviet Union.
One of the most famous episodes in HUAC's history was its investigation of Hollywood. In this case the committee looked into the production of certain films during World War II that had created an overly-positive image of life in the Soviet Union. A number of prominent Hollywood figures, including studio executives, movie stars, and screenwriters, were called to testify in 1947. When some of these refused to answer questions about their communist affiliations, or refused to identify others who were suspected of being communists, ten of them—soon dubbed the "Hollywood Ten"—were charged and convicted of contempt of Congress. Eventually as a result of these hearings some 300 directors, actors, and screenwriters found that they had been "blacklisted" by the motion picture industry; that is, the studios agreed not to hire them. Some, like Charlie Chaplin, left the country; some screenwriters continued to work under false names.
However, HUAC also dealt with offenses of a more serious nature. In an executive session of .
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1. Start of
McCarthyism
Welcome to the Museum of
Rise of
McCarthyism
Fall of
McCarthyism
McCarthyism
Museum Entrance Exit
2. The Start of McCarthyism Room
Room 1
Return
to
Entry
The Atomic
Era
Start of the
Cold War
Joseph
McCarthy
Communist
Threat
3. http://www.geir.org/future/tech/AtomicEra.html
● The Atomic era began in 1945 after WWII
had ended
● Although civilizations during this era were
dominated by mechanical process, they also
developed computational devices and often
harnessed fission energy
○ During the Atomic era countries such
as Russia and the US began to have
atom bombs
● Russia tested their first atom bomb in 1949
which would begin the “arms race”
● With this Communism would become a
threat to the United States Return to
Exhibit
The Atomic Era
4. http://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/joseph-mccarthy
● He was a first-term senator from wisconsin
○ He won in 1946
● In 1953 he began his second term in being a
senator
● He was in charge of the Committee on
Government Operations
○ That let him launch more
investigations of the federal
government
● Eventhough he did not have enough
evidence, more than 2,000 government
employees lost their job
Return to
Exhibit
Joseph McCarthy
5. http://www.worldology.com/Europe/Europe_Articles/rise_of_communism.htm
● Communism is a theory or system of a
social organization based on the holding of
all property in common
○ This means that property is public and
everyone is paid according to abilities
and needs
● Communism took control of Russia in 1917
after the Communist revolution, and the
ideal of a Communist Russia was built on
after that
● Communist would become a threat to the
United states when it potentially spreads
into the government Return to
Exhibit
Communist Threat
6. The Start of the Cold war
http://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/cold-war-history
● The start of the cold war started after the
end of WW2 in (1945)
● It started because of a dispute over the
future of Europe
● The “Cold War” was between the Soviet and
Americans
● When there was a global struggle- military,
political, economic, ideological- to have a
new “Cold War” occur
● Russia exploded their first atomic bomb on
August 1949
Return to
Exhibit
7. The Rise of McCarthyism
Room 2
Return
to
Entry
Joseph McCarthy
becoming
Senator
Other Witch Hunt
Victims
Communist
Investigations
The House
Committee on
Un-American
Activities
8. Joseph McCarthy becoming Senator
http://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/joseph-mccarthy
● Joseph McCarthy became senator only
because he took advantage of americans
● Also he pushed his way into becoming the
senator
● He used the fact that people in america
didn’t like communist so he would do witch
hunts for people that were “communist” on
his list
● The fear of Communists soon became
Mccarthyism
Return to
Exhibit
9. Communist Investigations
http://www.ushistory.org/us/53a.asp
● Joseph McCarthy had investigations in the
US government to find Communist
○ Joseph proclaimed on February 9,
1950 that he was aware that 205 card
carrying members of the communist
party were working for the United
States government
● McCarthy did investigations on the US
government and had 2000 employees fired
● The Army-McCarthy hearings, some “Witch
hunts” McCarthy ordered, and The HCUA
were investigations that were against
Communist Return to
Exhibit
10. The House Committee on Un-American Activities
http://www.ushistory.org/us/53a.asp
● The House Committee on Un-American
Activities (HCUA) targeted Hollywood film
industries.
○ Actors, writers, and producers alike
were summoned to appear and give
names of colleagues who might have
been with the communist party
● Those who gave names of the suspected
were released and returned on to business
usual, while those who refused were cited
for contempt
● Uncooperative artist were blacklisted from
jobs and lost their reputation Return to
Exhibit
11. Other Witch Hunt victims
http://www.ushistory.org/us/53a.asp
● Unions were special targets for communist
hunters
○ Sensing an unfavorable environment
The American Federation of labor
(AFL) and Congress of Industrial
Organizations (CIO) closed ranks in
1955
● Books such as Robin Hood were taken off
shelves because of the communist deemed
suggestions of stealing from the rich to give
to the poor
Return to
Exhibit
12. The Fall of McCarthyism
Room 3
Return
to
Entry
The Irving Peress
Case
Picture page :
McCarthyism
The
Army-McCarthy
Hearings
End of
McCarthyism
13. The Irving Peress Case
https://www.mtholyoke.
edu/~lillsie/McCarthyism/downfall.html
● After giving up on his investigation of the army
security he focused on Irving Peress an army
dentist
○ Peress was promoted to Major than when
the army saw his paperwork for dismissal
they quickly discharged him
● McCarthy went on a full campaign criticizing the
army saying why did they let Peress be
promoted
○ McCarthy asked General Ralph Zwicker for
names and when he didn’t want to answer,
McCarthy said he had intelligence of a 5
year-old and the treatment of the general
generated a lot of hostility of the press and
American public
Return to
Exhibit
14. The Army-McCarthy Hearings
http://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/joseph-mccarthy
● When Joseph McCarthy tried to turn his
investigations of communist to army security
○ He was charged with using improper
influence to win privileged treatment
for a former staff member
● These hearings were televised so every
american saw how McCarthyism was really
“evil” and not a ‘good” thing.
● After this, McCarthyism went downhill
Return to
Exhibit
15. http://www.ushistory.org/us/53a.asp
● By the time the Army-McCarthy hearings
were over McCArthy lost most of his allies
and the senate wanted to condemn him for
his “inexcusable”, “reprehensible”, “vulgar
and insulting” conduct “unbecoming a
senator”
● McCarthy kept his job, but lost his power, he
died in 1957 at the age of 48
● McCarthyism was dead by 1960, but its
effects would last for a long time
● To the Average American something
became clear: “Don’t Criticize America. Don’
t be different. Just Conform.” Return to
Exhibit
End of McCarthyism