Focus on Learning Conference 2017 slides for session on implementation planning for gamified and game-based learning solutions. Session explores what it takes to ensure good ROI for using game-based learning solutions
How to Design Effective Learning Games: Sharon Boller and Karl KappSharon Boller
Slides used during September 2017 ATD Learn workshop facilitated by Sharon Boller & Karl Kapp: "Play to Learn: Effective Learning Game Design"
Includes numerous slides identifying DIY game creation resources, templates, tools for creating learning games.
Fundamentals of Learning Game Design - ATD CIC 2017Sharon Boller
Learn the value that learning games can have - and how games link to learning and remembering. Discover the power of playing games to learn how to design games and "high-power" game elements to include.
Not WHEN Games but WHICH Learning GamesSharon Boller
L&D people think games are useful in a subset of situations. This session showcases numerous games to show how vast the landscape of learning games can be - from games involving only people to tabletop games to asynchronous digital games
Lessons from the Trenches of Learning Game DesignSharon Boller
Interest in learning games and gamificaton of learning is high. But how do you do a good job of designing great learning games? This session walks you through six "lessons" learned from designing digital learning games.
DevLearn 2017 Play to Learn workshop slidesSharon Boller
Slides from 2017 DevLearn "Play to Learn" workshop that teaches learning game design to corporate instructional designers and training professionals. Presented by Sharon Boller, president of Bottom-Line Performance, in Las Vegas, NV on October 24, 2017. Includes a series of slides that feature a variety of game development tools, such as Construct2, Unity, Unreal, Game Salad, and Knowledge Guru.
A Primer On Play: How to use Games for Learning and ResultsSharon Boller
Discover the power games have to produce learning and business results. View the latest research and case studies on game-based learning and gamification. See a demo of Knowledge Guru, a game engine your team can use to quickly build your own games.
How to Design Effective Learning Games: Sharon Boller and Karl KappSharon Boller
Slides used during September 2017 ATD Learn workshop facilitated by Sharon Boller & Karl Kapp: "Play to Learn: Effective Learning Game Design"
Includes numerous slides identifying DIY game creation resources, templates, tools for creating learning games.
Fundamentals of Learning Game Design - ATD CIC 2017Sharon Boller
Learn the value that learning games can have - and how games link to learning and remembering. Discover the power of playing games to learn how to design games and "high-power" game elements to include.
Not WHEN Games but WHICH Learning GamesSharon Boller
L&D people think games are useful in a subset of situations. This session showcases numerous games to show how vast the landscape of learning games can be - from games involving only people to tabletop games to asynchronous digital games
Lessons from the Trenches of Learning Game DesignSharon Boller
Interest in learning games and gamificaton of learning is high. But how do you do a good job of designing great learning games? This session walks you through six "lessons" learned from designing digital learning games.
DevLearn 2017 Play to Learn workshop slidesSharon Boller
Slides from 2017 DevLearn "Play to Learn" workshop that teaches learning game design to corporate instructional designers and training professionals. Presented by Sharon Boller, president of Bottom-Line Performance, in Las Vegas, NV on October 24, 2017. Includes a series of slides that feature a variety of game development tools, such as Construct2, Unity, Unreal, Game Salad, and Knowledge Guru.
A Primer On Play: How to use Games for Learning and ResultsSharon Boller
Discover the power games have to produce learning and business results. View the latest research and case studies on game-based learning and gamification. See a demo of Knowledge Guru, a game engine your team can use to quickly build your own games.
Digital Learning Game Design: Lessons from the TrenchesSharon Boller
Learning games - and gamification of learning - are hot trends. What does it REALLY take to produce a learning game, and how do you produce a good one? This presentation outlines 6 lessons learned with links to games that offer examples for the lessons learned.
Create Tabletop Games to Foster Organizational LearningKarl Kapp
How can a simple game transform your learning efforts?
The CIA uses tabletop games to teach intelligence gathering, overcoming collection obstacles, and collaboration. The Harvard Business Review describes board games as a microcosm of business training that can help leaders and managers build the skills needed to operate effectively in the real world. In fact, board games have been used formally for teaching business concepts since at least the 1960s with the introduction of the MIT Beer Distribution game.
Many instructional designers, course developers, and training managers struggle to create engaging learning programs that get results. At the ATD LearnNow: Game Design workshop, you’ll learn how to design a tabletop game that can help transform your live instruction into a powerful, memorable learning experience.
Sales Enablement Through Games? You Bet And Bottom Line Results Prove It!Karl Kapp
Using games for practice sales skills, make role-plays fun and to reinforce sales skills? Yes, and here are some real-world examples that have gotten real-world results.
Play to Learn: Learning Games and Gamification that Get ResultsHRDQ-U
Are you a trainer or eLearning designer who wants to use games to engage your learners? While learning games and gamification have the potential to motivate and excite, your efforts can fall flat if not designed properly. To be successful, you need a solid strategy that carefully connects business goals to learning objectives and game mechanics.
What does a game designer really do. And, more importantly, how do they make the products better. How does a designer contribute and what how do you work with them to solve your problem.
What is a Game Designer (And Why Do You Need One)? - Douglas WhatleySeriousGamesAssoc
What does a game designer really do. And, more importantly, how do they make the products better. How does a designer contribute and what how do you work with them to solve your problem.
The Google Developer Student Clubs 2023 Solution Challenge mission is to solve for one of the United Nations’ 17 Sustainable Development Goals using Google technology.
The Google Developer Student Clubs 2024 Solution Challenge mission is to solve for one of the United Nations’ 17 Sustainable Development Goals using Google technology.
Created by the United Nations in 2015 to be achieved by 2030, the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) agreed upon by all 193 United Nations Member States aim to end poverty, ensure prosperity, and protect the planet.
We invite all of you to join the competition and and transform ideas into reality.
Digital Learning Game Design: Lessons from the TrenchesSharon Boller
Learning games - and gamification of learning - are hot trends. What does it REALLY take to produce a learning game, and how do you produce a good one? This presentation outlines 6 lessons learned with links to games that offer examples for the lessons learned.
Create Tabletop Games to Foster Organizational LearningKarl Kapp
How can a simple game transform your learning efforts?
The CIA uses tabletop games to teach intelligence gathering, overcoming collection obstacles, and collaboration. The Harvard Business Review describes board games as a microcosm of business training that can help leaders and managers build the skills needed to operate effectively in the real world. In fact, board games have been used formally for teaching business concepts since at least the 1960s with the introduction of the MIT Beer Distribution game.
Many instructional designers, course developers, and training managers struggle to create engaging learning programs that get results. At the ATD LearnNow: Game Design workshop, you’ll learn how to design a tabletop game that can help transform your live instruction into a powerful, memorable learning experience.
Sales Enablement Through Games? You Bet And Bottom Line Results Prove It!Karl Kapp
Using games for practice sales skills, make role-plays fun and to reinforce sales skills? Yes, and here are some real-world examples that have gotten real-world results.
Play to Learn: Learning Games and Gamification that Get ResultsHRDQ-U
Are you a trainer or eLearning designer who wants to use games to engage your learners? While learning games and gamification have the potential to motivate and excite, your efforts can fall flat if not designed properly. To be successful, you need a solid strategy that carefully connects business goals to learning objectives and game mechanics.
What does a game designer really do. And, more importantly, how do they make the products better. How does a designer contribute and what how do you work with them to solve your problem.
What is a Game Designer (And Why Do You Need One)? - Douglas WhatleySeriousGamesAssoc
What does a game designer really do. And, more importantly, how do they make the products better. How does a designer contribute and what how do you work with them to solve your problem.
The Google Developer Student Clubs 2023 Solution Challenge mission is to solve for one of the United Nations’ 17 Sustainable Development Goals using Google technology.
The Google Developer Student Clubs 2024 Solution Challenge mission is to solve for one of the United Nations’ 17 Sustainable Development Goals using Google technology.
Created by the United Nations in 2015 to be achieved by 2030, the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) agreed upon by all 193 United Nations Member States aim to end poverty, ensure prosperity, and protect the planet.
We invite all of you to join the competition and and transform ideas into reality.
Welcome to the Google Solution Challenge 2024! This is your opportunity to harness the power of technology and innovation to address real-world challenges. Join us in creating solutions that have the potential to shape the future. Whether you're passionate about sustainability, healthcare, education, or beyond, this challenge invites you to showcase your coding skills and make a positive impact. Form a team, unleash your creativity, and be part of a global community working towards a better tomorrow. Are you ready to code for change? Join the Google Solution Challenge 2024!
Learning Solutions and Your Product Launch: How a Curriculum Drives Success (...Bottom-Line Performance
Is your company ready to launch a new product? Your sales and support reps might not be. If the product is complex, your customers might not know how to use it, either.
This session shows how a curriculum of learning solutions can be used as part of a product launch to solve common business problems. It then connects the big picture goals of a product launch to practical curriculum design techniques that engage learners before, during and after a launch event. You’ll learn how to develop product launch training that drives learner retention… while avoiding common mistakes along the way.
Learning Objectives:
Understand how a blend of learning solutions can work together to reinforce product knowledge, selling skills and proficient usage of a product.
Identify what a curriculum can do to help learners build skills and knowledge around what they sell and support… and what a curriculum cannot do, like fix a bad message or a bad product.
Discover how to design a curriculum using a repeatable three-part framework that drives knowledge and skills retention.
Serious Games + Learning Science = Win: How to Teach Product Knowledge, Polic...Bottom-Line Performance
Serious games have the potential to engage and motivate your learners. But what about driving long-term retention of business-critical knowledge? In this session, the speakers will share how four organizations have put theory into practice and implemented games as part of their training programs. Then, they will explore how serious games can be linked to learning science to increase learner retention of product knowledge, policies, procedures, and basic facts. This session includes seven practical tips for implementing serious games in an organization.
Application on the Job:
Discover how learning science and games can be linked to drive retention of topics such as product knowledge, policies, and procedures.
Access case studies and research you can use to make the case for serious games or gamification in your organization.
Competitive & Strategic Analysis
BUS 109
Discussion Week 9
Agenda
• EXAM 2 Review
• Remaining Requirements
• Handbook/iEvals
• CEO Project/Peer Evals
• Final Thoughts
Exam 2
• Same format as Exam 1 (essay question + free response)
• Bring blue book next Monday and Wednesday
• Define key concepts + provide quality company examples
EXAM 2 Review
Question 1
1. On Functional Strategy – Pertaining to your CEO Project Company –
a. Among the various functional divisions of the firm, identify the most burning issue
whereby your functional strategy (marketing, financial, operational, etc.) impacts the
overall corporate AND business strategies. Explain in detail.
i. More directly, select two functional areas and discuss the following:
1. Identify the function’s essential goal for 2017
2. What resources must be employed to effectively realize this goal
3. What measures will indicate whether your functional strategy has produced the required results
Does It Work?
What do we
have/need?
What to do/not to do?
Question 1
• Step 1: Define and Link: Corporate Strategy, Business Strategy, Functional Strategy
• Step 2: Select from two functional areas and discuss:
This question is basically a question of alignment
1) How does your Functional Strategy help achieve your Business Strategies and Corporate Strategies?
2) What is your Functional Strategy’s Goal for 2017?
• Refer back to Strategic Alternatives when you changed your Functional Strategies, what was the goal?
3) What Resources are required to achieve this goal?
• Refer to your Corporate Resources, Job Creation, Corporate Structure
• Resources required = Total Resources demanded – Resources on hand
4) How do you measure the success of your goal?
• Balanced Scorecard under Measure
• TIPS
• The KEYWORD is “YOUR.” This question does not refer to the Current Strategic Posture, this question refers
to your strategy under the Strategic Alternatives section
Firm 1
Firm 3
Firm 4
Firm 5
Firm 2
SBU1
SBU2
SBU3
SBU4
SBU5
Industry
Boundary
Firm
Boundary
Business Strategy Corporate Strategy
Economic Logic (How do we compete)
Porter’s Generic Strategies
Value Chain Analysis
Customer Value Decomposition
Corporate Theory and Stakeholder Value
Integration and RBV
Core competencies; VRIO; Business Model
Business-Corporate Integration: Strategy Diamond
Arena: Where to Compete?
Differentiators: What weapons?
Staging: What steps?
Vehicles: How to get there?
Economic Logic: How does it work?
Question 1
• External Analysis – Positioning/Ind. Structure
• Internal Analysis – RBV/VRIO
• Organizational Evolution – Learning
goal
Time
Success
Question 2
2. On Strategic Intent and Strategy Implementation
a. First, identify your CEO company’s strategic intent, that is, the ambitious stretch targets that go
beyond corporate vision propelling the firm to win. Pull from the readings to support your response
b. Second, identify and discuss the important componen.
Step by step description on how to run a (re)branding exercise using a method developed by Business Quests that exploits various disciplines amongst which De Bono's Six Thinking Hats.
Seminar 10 - Wrapping up - This is Your Assets, Your Creativity, and Your L...Fahri Karakas
Design Your Life, Create Your Story, and Unleash Your Creativity
We are going through one of the most disruptive periods in history.
How do you design your life and increase the quality of your life in such disruptive times?
In this session, we address that question and provide you inspirational tools and examples to design and improve your life.
Below are contents and topics we cover:
- Disruptive changes after the pandemic lockdowns
- Controlling your life in the midst of disruption
- How to be productive and creative (poster exercises)
- How to prepare your creative and entrepreneurial career portfolio
- Designing Your Life Exercise - Workshop (exercise based on Stanford module)
- Mentoring yourself and improving your quality of life in various domains
- Make a list of all your wishes, visions, and aspirations
- How to be super-creative and super-productive
- Digital content creation
- Create 300 pieces of content
- Storytelling
- YouTube is the Future
- TikTok Strategies and Examples
- Content Houses: Sway House and Hype House
- Instagram Celebrities: Ronaldo
- Use Your Imagination: Hunger Games & Stranger Things
- Incredible Success Story of Beeple (Mike Winkelmann)
- Incredible Success Story of J. P. Metsavainio: Milky Way Mosaic
- Create Your Own Renaissance: Your Asset Creation Vision in 10 Years
- Further Visual Resources on Entrepreneurship, Money, and Assets
Almost all of these materials are fresh, which means I have learned them very recently. This approach makes the contents very multidisciplinary, engaging, and exciting.
Enjoy!
BUILD YOUR BLUEPRINT FOR DIGITAL LEARNING: HOW TO TRANSFORM YOUR LEARNING ORG...Human Capital Media
According to Willis Towers Watson, 90 percent of maturing companies expect digital disruption, but only 44 percent are adequately preparing for it. In this webinar hosted by Manjit Sekhon, Director of Learning Experience Design at Intrepid by VitalSource, you will learn how to help your organization prepare for the challenges of digital disruption through next-generation digital learning. The webinar will cover the topics you need to think through before making a digital move and will include a downloadable blueprint template to get you started on your own digital learning transformation journey.
Takeaways:
How to shift your mindset when it comes to effective digital learning strategies
Methods for thinking about utilizing your current resources differently
Receive a template PowerPoint ready for you to build out and immediately use for your own organization’s specific objectives and opportunities
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Delivering Micro-Credentials in Technical and Vocational Education and TrainingAG2 Design
Explore how micro-credentials are transforming Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) with this comprehensive slide deck. Discover what micro-credentials are, their importance in TVET, the advantages they offer, and the insights from industry experts. Additionally, learn about the top software applications available for creating and managing micro-credentials. This presentation also includes valuable resources and a discussion on the future of these specialised certifications.
For more detailed information on delivering micro-credentials in TVET, visit this https://tvettrainer.com/delivering-micro-credentials-in-tvet/
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
1. MAXIMIZING THE VALUE OF YOUR
GAME-BASED SOLUTIONS
Sharon Boller, President | June 2017
A presentation from
2. What I’m here for…
1. The challenge of making an impact
2. The gamification “spectrum”
3. Ingredients for implementation success
4. The framework of a good plan
5. Skill practice: readiness assessment and strategy
development
6. Examples from “wow” implementations
Bottom-Line Performance 2
10. Beyond Monday,
how many hours of
“think time” will you
have next week to
reflect on what
you’ve learned this
week or consider
how you will apply
what you’ve
learned?
11. What barriers
hinder you from
completing a
learning activity
you’ve been
assigned or
encouraged to
do?
13. How would the
targets of your
learning solutions
answer similar
questions about a
course or
initiative you’ve
developed and
want / need them
to do?
14. YOUR PLACE ON THE
GAMIFICATION SPECTRUM
DICTATES COMPLEXITY
15. 15Bottom-Line Performance
Game(s) within a
single course.
Game/
Gamified
approach for a
major initiative.
Gamified learning
eco-system.
Low
complexity &
effort
Highest
complexity &
effort
Game(s)
embedded into a
curriculum.
High
complexity &
effort
Where are you on this spectrum?
18. 1. How does the game benefit the learning experience?
2. What are the learner/manager/stakeholder anticipated reactions
(positive and negative)? How do these reactions influence the game’s
design and the messaging you deliver as part of implementation?
3. What realities exist in the learner population that affect design?
Implementation? How do these influence game elements that you
emphasize/leverage? How do they affect logistics/deployment?
4. What effort, skill, time, & planning are req’d to design, develop? What
impact does this have on the timeline and what you can produce?
Game(s)
within a single
course.
19. Game(s)
within a single
course.
At curriculum or initiative level, you also need to know:
1. How is the curriculum or gamified approach resolving a business need or
problem?
2. What ongoing effort & creativity are required to maintain long-term interest in
game play or to keep things “fresh”?
3. What constraints limit or direct decisions on frequency of play?
4. What analytics and data can the game solution provide to showcase benefits
and cost-effectiveness? How should data be filtered for analysis?
5. Who needs data? For what reason?
Game / Gamified
approach for a major
initiative.
Games
embedded into a
curriculum.
21. Readiness Evaluation: Task 1
Consider a current or recent project you have that
will involve a game. Figure out where it is on the
spectrum.
Bottom-Line Performance 21
Game(s)
within a single
course.
Game / Gamified
approach for a major
initiative.
Games
embedded into a
curriculum.
22. Readiness Evaluation: Task 1
1. Go through the 9 questions on page 1 of the handout.
Place a checkmark by every one you feel like you can
successfully answer right now and a question mark by
those you think you you don’t have answers for yet.
2. Let’s share out:
– What items did you mark with a question mark?
– What’s holding you back from being able to answer it?
Bottom-Line Performance 22
23. Readiness Evaluation: Task 2
1. Consider your TARGET LEARNERS. Review the
motivation chart on your handout.
2. How many “personas” do you think you have?
3. What primary MOTIVATORS exist for EACH persona?
4. What constraints or barriers exist for EACH persona?
Bottom-Line Performance 23
25. Readiness Evaluation: Task 3
1. Take the implementation readiness
assessment.
2. Count your “yes” responses and your “no”
responses when you finish.
Bottom-Line Performance 25
Goal: All “yes” responses
(More than 3 “no” responses and you may be challenged in
getting and/or sustaining impact)