Maulana Abul kalam Azad - Indian Regional Journalism
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Presented in August 2019, these slides cover the historical prominence of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, his contributions to Urdu journalism, the freedom struggle, and the educational development in India.
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Maulana Abul kalam Azad - Indian Regional Journalism
- 1. Indian Regional Journalism Project Maulana Abul Kalam Azad By: Sarah Imran Ali Rizvi TYBMM – Journalism Roll no: TYMM127 Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan’s College, Andheri
- 2. Introduction • Scholar, Activist, Urdu poet • Pen name: Azad – Mark of mental emancipation from narrow view of religion and life • Indian Freedom Struggle • First Education Minister of independent India • Bharat Ratna (posthumously) in 1992 • National Education Day : November 11 – birth anniversary Maulana Sayyid Abul Kalam Ghulam Muhiyuddin Ahmed bin Khairuddin Al- Hussaini Azad Maulana Azad on a 1988 stamp of India
- 3. Early Life • Languages: Arabic, Urdu, Hindi, Bengali, Bengali • Home schooled: Arabic, Persian, Philosophy, geometry, Mathematics, Algebra, the four fiqhs • Self trained: English, world history, politics • A child prodigy: library, reading room, debate society before 12 • Interest: Pan Islamic doctrines – Jamaluddin Afghani Aligarh thought of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan •Born on November 11, 1888 in Mecca • Forefathers: Herat, Afghanistan ; India – Babar rule • Lineage of learned Muslim scholars – Maulanas
- 4. Politics • Nationalist revolutionary • Criticised •the British-racial discrimination •Muslim politicians focus on communal issues before national interest • Rejected communal separatism.•Opposed the partition of Bengal (1905) • Revolutionary activities – Aurobindo Ghosh and Shyam Chandra Chakravarty • President of All India Khilafat Committee • The Khilafat Movement – Non-Cooperation Movement • President – special session of Congress in Delhi (1923) • Arrested in 1930 – Salt Satyagraha • Abstained from voting on resolution in AICC session – partition on religious lines. (from left) Maulana Azad, Acharya Kriplani, Sardar Patel, Subhash Bose
- 5. Maulana Azad – A journalist • Articles in Makhzan (literary magazine) – at 14 •1900 – Editor of Al-Misbah (weekly) •1900 – Nairang-e-Aalam : Poetic journal •1903 – Lissan-us-Sidq: Monthly journal: • Social reform •Rational interrogation of the world •1912 – Al-Hilal (Urdu weekly journal): • Espoused Indian Independence Movement • Revolutionary recruits among Muslims • Quotations from Quran • Hindu-Muslim unity post Morley-Minto reforms (communal electorate) • Propagated secessionist views • Covered theology, politics, wars, scientific advancement, critical coverage of the British Raj • Banned in 1914 – Press Act • 1914 – Al-Balagh (Weekly): • Indian nationalism, revolutionary, Hindu-Muslim Unity • Banned in 1916, Maulana Azad expelled from Calcutta, interned at Ranchi, released after WWI
- 7. Education Minister and leader • Education Minister: August 14, 1947 – February 22, 1958 • Founded Jamia Millia Islamia • Ministry Of Education established: • Indian Institute of Technology (Kharagpur) – 1951 • University Grants Commission – 1953 • Development emphasis on: • Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore • Faculty of Technology - Delhi University • Emphasis on rural poor and girls • As Chairman of the Central Advisory Board of Education: • Adult literacy • Universal primary education • Free and compulsory for all children up to the age of 14 • Girls education • Diversification of secondary education and vocational training
- 8. Legacy • Numerous institutions named after him: • Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi • Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal • Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hyderabad • Maulana Azad Centre for Elementary and Social Education (MACESE Delhi University) • Maulana Azad College, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Institute of Asian Studies, and Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, in Kolkata • Bab – e – Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (Gate No. 7), Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi • Maulana Azad library in the Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh • Maulana Azad Stadium, Jammu • His home housed the Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Institute of Asian Studies earlier, now the Maulana Azad Museum • Jawaharlal Nehru: Mir-i- Karawan (the caravan leader) • Mahatma Gandhi: "a person of the calibre of Plato, Aristotle and Pythagoras"
- 9. Bibliography • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abul_Kalam_Azad#Revolutionary_and_j ournalist • Vipul’s book on Indian Regional Journalism by Yogesh Dhanjani • Maulana Abul Kalam Azad: profile of a Nationalist – Edited by Mahavir Singh