This document discusses the history of ideas about matter from ancient Greek philosophers to modern physics. It covers theories from Thales stating all matter is water, to Empedocles introducing four classical elements, to modern atomic theory and quantum mechanics showing matter to be invisible and indivisible. The document suggests science has become more abstract as knowledge increases, with matter disappearing and existing in all possible states until observed. It advocates taking a holistic approach to scientific investigation by also studying nothing as a form of matter.
An analysis of the limitations of rational positivism and modern reductionism with solutions posed by Eastern philosophies and knowledge limits gauged by quantum theory and Godel’s Incompleteness Theorem.
This analysis is supported by contributions from OVium Solutions and International Innovative Institute.
This is a presentation about the nature of science of my source "History and Philosophy of Science". You can watch the video version at: https://www.academia.edu/courses/plqxp1?tab=0&v=DPrRKE
this is the full history of philosophy both western and eastern philosophy in detailed and year wise tabular view. this is year by year history of philosophy and it is more precise one.
Non material beings in a non-material worldNeil Theise
Our daily experience tells us that the world and our bodies are material things, made of “stuff.” Our Buddhist traditions however tell us otherwise, that the appearance of materiality is an illusion.
In past talks Dr. Neil Soten Theise has described his views that the universe is not material, but arises from the self-organization of quantum level entities that themselves arise out of pure Fundamental Awareness. Thus, contemporary science and philosophy can also view the world and ourselves as non-material.
But what of the non-material beings that fill Zen study texts and liturgy? Are they merely myths, metaphors, or Jungian archetypes? Or is it possible that gods, demons, angels, spirits are also as “real” as each of us? Can the Fundamental Awareness framework shed light on what is “real” and what is “not real” for us – living, sentient beings – in a non-material world?
An analysis of the limitations of rational positivism and modern reductionism with solutions posed by Eastern philosophies and knowledge limits gauged by quantum theory and Godel’s Incompleteness Theorem.
This analysis is supported by contributions from OVium Solutions and International Innovative Institute.
This is a presentation about the nature of science of my source "History and Philosophy of Science". You can watch the video version at: https://www.academia.edu/courses/plqxp1?tab=0&v=DPrRKE
this is the full history of philosophy both western and eastern philosophy in detailed and year wise tabular view. this is year by year history of philosophy and it is more precise one.
Non material beings in a non-material worldNeil Theise
Our daily experience tells us that the world and our bodies are material things, made of “stuff.” Our Buddhist traditions however tell us otherwise, that the appearance of materiality is an illusion.
In past talks Dr. Neil Soten Theise has described his views that the universe is not material, but arises from the self-organization of quantum level entities that themselves arise out of pure Fundamental Awareness. Thus, contemporary science and philosophy can also view the world and ourselves as non-material.
But what of the non-material beings that fill Zen study texts and liturgy? Are they merely myths, metaphors, or Jungian archetypes? Or is it possible that gods, demons, angels, spirits are also as “real” as each of us? Can the Fundamental Awareness framework shed light on what is “real” and what is “not real” for us – living, sentient beings – in a non-material world?
Apresentação do Plano de Mobilidade de Olinda (PLAMOB/Olinda) - Oswaldo Lima ...Prefeitura de Olinda
Apresentação realizada pelo secretário de Transportes e Trânsito de Olinda, Oswaldo Lima Neto, durante a solenidade de lançamento do Plano de Mobilidade de Olinda (PLAMOB/Olinda) no Palácio dos Governadores (atual sede da prefeitura), em 18 de março de 2016. Contém informações básicas sobre a cidade, seu desenvolvimento e um diagnóstico preliminar da mobilidade urbana.
Apresentação do Plano de Mobilidade de Olinda (PLAMOB/Olinda) - Oswaldo Lima ...Prefeitura de Olinda
Apresentação realizada pelo secretário de Transportes e Trânsito de Olinda, Oswaldo Lima Neto, durante a solenidade de lançamento do Plano de Mobilidade de Olinda (PLAMOB/Olinda) no Palácio dos Governadores (atual sede da prefeitura), em 18 de março de 2016. Contém informações básicas sobre a cidade, seu desenvolvimento e um diagnóstico preliminar da mobilidade urbana.
Mingle Case-study with Minnesotta State Colleges and UniversitiesThoughtWorks Studios
While adopting Agile processes for their state-wide
development teams at Minnesota State Colleges & Universities (MNSCU), the
Enterprise Software Development division sought to develop more mature
Agile processes among their teams, and to find a tool that would facilitate
those Agile ideas in a distributed team culture. By using Mingle, they can
customize the tool to mirror and support their development, collaboration and
reporting needs. They also now deliver software products that are more timely
and well tested and better meet the needs of their customers, the students and
staff at MNSCU.
Manufacturing is a major contributor to GDP and employment provider in many countries. Both large and MSME are facing effects of global downturn which has made survival a test for many. With customer gains becoming far and few many companies worried about growth and profitability. Browne & Mohan consultants in this paper present the approach manufacturing companies should use to turn around profitability and survival.
Dr. Aldemaro Romero Jr. talks about the fundamentals of the History and Philosophy of Science in this documentary. You can also watch it for free and in full at: https://www.academia.edu/courses/plqxp1?tab=0&v=Ee0Anb
Philosophy Of Realism (Defination And Brief History)JOHNY NATAD
Explaination of this paper are mostly copeid from the Four Philosophies and Their Practices in Education and Religion. 3rd Edition by Donald J. Butler. We used this in our report presentation in MPA.
This presentation is based on the historical research phenomenon as How History as a science. Here i am compared History with the scientific methodology.
Metaphysics is the philosophical investigation of
the ultimate nature of reality.
Some Basic Types of Questions in Metaphysics: (1) Questions concerning
reality as a whole; (2) Questions concerning things that must be true of
absolutely everything that exists; (3) Questions concerning possibilities
Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person - Introduction to PhilosophyJuan Miguel Palero
This is a powerpoint presentation that discusses about one of the core subjects in the k-12 curriculum of the Senior High School: Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person. On this presentation, it discusses about the definition, history and nature of the philosophy.
My attempt to explain how the universe works using speculative philosophy and physics. I use the philosophy of idealism, consciousness primary, along with modern physics. I propose that the basis of the universe is non-dual monistic idealism. Using the Buddhist metaphysics of an unconditioned basis of being (“infinite” space-time) we see how monistic idealism plays out in the non-random rules, structure, and repeating patterns of a manifested & conditioned universe. I also propose that monistic idealism is the Godel "X" (unrecognized complexity) factor that explains the existence of the manifested universe. Idealism can also explain the structural theodicy and suffering of the manifested universe. Idealism also refutes a personal theistic God as Absolute or Ultimate. I include my Neoplatonic cosmological proof of the unconditioned basis of being, a non-theistic "god."
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
1. What is matter?
• Matter is everywhere.
• Matter is everything.
– Matter/Mater/Mother
• “From whom all corporeal things take their source.”
• Matter shares its dualistic existence with
Energy.
• To study the changes and effects of matter is to
come closer to understanding Life‟s secrets.
2. Mind Over Matter
• It is easy to confine the study of matter to the realms
of Chemistry and Quantum Mechanics.
• Is it really the case science has „taken care‟ of all
things material?
• Is artistic practise thereby condemned to pick up the
unquantified debris left by scientific investigation?
• This presentation attempts to investigate just about
everything to do with matter. Which is just about
everything.
3. Quantification
• To quantify something is to count or measure
it.
• Sense experiences are confined into sets.
• This is the way in which we try to understand
and control the world, which is fundamental to
science.
• Mathematics and logic are the most precise
methods to express quantification.
4. Algebra
• Is the “relation of relations”.
• This meta-language shows the need to consider
each object as being in relation to another,
within a certain context, or set.
• The very abstract nature of this branch of pure
mathematics means that it can exist entirely
self-contained, without even referring to
anything instantiated.
5. Art and Science
• The dichotomy is becoming outdated and
irrelevant.
• It is unhelpful to categorise and define any two
modes of thought as mutually exclusive.
• This becomes clear as soon as we attempt to
define anything.
6. Some Brief Semantics…
• When we define a word, we can only describe
it in terms of what it looks like.
“The simple question: What is it like? Invites a comparison. We cannot, in fact, define
anything in terms of itself. We must bring it in its relationship to its environment.”
-- P. A. Coggin – Art, Science and Religion
• There is no such thing as an entirely self-
contained definition.
• Language, then, is revealed to be entirely (and
absurdly) self-referential.
7. Self-Reference
•One of the biggest puzzles of
language and thought
•An artefact and necessary product of
human existence
“This is a sentence” – self-
evidently true meta-sentence
“This is not a sentence” –
paradoxical meta-sentence
Drawing by Theodoros Pelecanos, from Synosius (1478)
The Ouroboros, the snake-like creature portrayed to be perpetually
eating its own tail, is an ancient alchemical symbol included in tracts to
represent the infinite and holistic nature of existence. We will
(inevitably) return to this theme later…
8. The Pre-Socratics
• The Philosophers of Greece c.600BC were the
first to really think about matter.
• The fundamental assumption at first was that
everything was made of one substance…
13. Empedocles
• Broke the cycle when he considered
that, if everything were really made of
one thing, there would be no reason for
it to undergo any changes or to be
destroyed.
• So he came up with the long-standing
notion of the four
elements, Fire, Water, Air and Earth;
their interactions governing the changes
in the universe.
• He famously met his end by jumping
into Mount Etna, possibly to prove a
philosophical point.
14. The Building Blocks of Life…
• It was Anaxagoras
who proposed the
incisive notion of
matter being
constituted of parts
of everything else,
which correlates
with the findings
of modern particle
physics. “You are what you eat.”
-- Dr Gillian McKeith (and Anaxagoras)
16. Aristotle
• As well as writing
vociferously on just about
everything, this philosopher
can be credited with inventing
the scientific method of
induction.
This is a stone
All observed stones have fallen to the
ground when dropped
Therefore, this stone will fall to the ground
when dropped.
• Of course, this method of
thinking is not without its
problems…
17. Aristotle
• More relevantly, Aristotle employed the notion
of the four elements in his natural philosophy
(the archaic term for science)
• It stuck in the Medieval world, and was
accepted as the basis for all fields of study
• It is particularly prevalent in the secretive field
of alchemy.
18. Alchemy
• From Arabic “Al-Kemi”, meaning “Divine
Chemistry”.
• Primarily known as the process of facilitating the
transmutation of base metals into gold, it‟s also an
esoteric branch of philosophy.
• Though its „scientific principles‟ have been
superseded by modern developments, its claims
should not be dismissed as ignorance.
• Alchemy necessitates an understanding of matter in
terms of universal truths, both physical and spiritual.
19. The Philosophical Elements
• SULPHUR – “The stone which burns” - Fixed
Principle
• Earth (Visible)
• Fire (Occult)
• SALT – Quintessence (solidarity)
• MERCURY – Volatile Principle
• Water (Visible)
• Air (Occult)
20. The Four Elements
Air Fire
Hot, Dry
Wet, Hot
Summer
Spring
Choleric
Sanguine Nature Nature
21. The Four Elements
Earth Water
Cold, Dry Cold, Wet
Autumn Winter
Melancholic Phlegmatic
Nature Nature
22. Elementary…
This type of
thought now
belongs at the
back of gossip
magazines as a
facetious form of
pseudo-science.
So what
happened?
24. The Sceptical Chymist
• Boyle‟s monumental work made the
distinction between chemistry and alchemy.
• This is the beginning of the end of the holistic
view of the natural world.
• Thinking becomes black and white.
26. The End of the Renaissance Man
•Although Boyle‟s
contribution to human
knowledge is
invaluable, the culture
of „specialisation‟ that
accompanied it has
given many a narrow
worldview.
•The closest we have
to a Renaissance Man
is probably this man…
27. Modern Matter
• Classical theories of
physics and chemistry
have been deemed
inadequate in
explaining the world
completely, or for
accounting for the
origins of the universe.
• New theories in
quantum mechanics
have helped to „fill in‟
these „quantificational
gaps‟, despite being
sometimes bizarre in
nature… Isaac Newton
28. Invisible and Indivisible
• Matter is no longer a matter of simple
experiment and observation.
• The atom, that ancient Greek idea, is now the
fundamental principle of modern quantum
mechanics.
• But it‟s also highly problematic; in that it is
really, really tiny.
An Atom (actual size)
29. Up and Atom
• The Atom has come a long way since the days
of the Ancient Greeks…
30. Theory and Fact
• The reason that the
atom has evolved so
much is because it‟s a
theoretical entity.
• This means that
Scientists have to make
conjectures based on
probabilistic
calculations.
• It seems that, the more
we know about the
world, the more
abstract it becomes.
31. What‟s the Matter?
• Matter seems to have disappeared.
• Quantum mechanics suggests that a system
exists in all possible states until
observed, when we index it in one unique
state.
• What was once a case of simple cause and
effect, experiment and observation, has
become as elusive as a supernatural agent.
35. Nothing
• It is from this development that I have decided
to take a holistic approach in my scientific
investigation.
• I have been inspired to study the nature of
Nothing as the equal of Something, where both
are considered matter.