A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers or expressions arranged in rows and columns. It is represented by brackets and commas. A matrix can be a row matrix, column matrix, square matrix, unit matrix, diagonal matrix, scalar matrix, or zero matrix depending on its elements and dimensions. A square matrix has the same number of rows and columns while other matrix types have specific properties for their elements.

2. MATRIX
• MATRIX: A rectangle array of variables or
constants in horizontal rows or vertical columns
enclosed in brackets.
• ELEMENT: Each value in a matrix, either a
number or a constant.
• DIMENSION: Number of rows by number
of columns of a matrix.
** A matrix is named by its dimensions.

3. • It is a collection of elements which
is arranged in rows and columns.
• It is the combination of linear
equation.
• It is represented by these
symbols:
[ ] , ( )
Example: 1 3
2 0 2*2

4. • Row Matrix
• Column Matrix
• Square Matrix
• Unit Matrix/ Identity
Matrix
• Diagonal Matrix
• Scalar Matrix
• Zero Matrix

5. If a matrix contains only one
row is called row matrix.
Example:
2 3 8 1*3
R1
C1 C2 C3

6. If a matrix contains only one
column is called column matrix.
Example:
2
R1
5
R2

7. If the number of rows and columns are
equal then it is called a square matrix.
•Number of rows=Number of columns
Example: 1 2 R3
3 4 2*2 R2
C1 C2
*Here we can see that both the rows and
columns are equal.

8. A square matrix is called a unit matrix if
all non diagonal elements are zero and all
diagonal elements are unity.
Example: 1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1 3*3
*In this example we can see that all the
diagonal elements are unity i.e. 1.

9. A square matrix is called a diagonal matrix if
all its non diagonal elements are zero.
Example: 1 0 0
0 2 0
0 0 8 3*3
* Here we can see that all the non diagonal
numbers are zero .

10. A square matrix is called a scalar matrix if
all its non diagonal elements are zero and all
diagonal elements are equal.
Example: 1. 5 0 0 2. √2
0 0
0 5 0
0 √2 0
0 0 5 3*3
0 0 √2 3*3
*Here we can see that all the diagonal

11. If all its elements are zero then it is called
zero matrix.
Example: 1. 0 0 2. 0 0
0
0 0 2*2 0 0
0
0
0 0 3*3
*Here we can see that all the elements are
zero.