Here is the presentation for all those who have joined Mathura Refinery as a trainee. This ppt would help you all for your college training seminars.

1. APPLICATION OF VARIOUS MECHANICALCOMONENTS IN THE PROCESSES
INVOLVED IN EXTRACTION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS FROM CRUDE OIL
by
MOHD. SAHILANSARI
16BTMECH025
D E PA RT M E N T O F M E C H A N I C A L E N G I N E E R I N G
VA U G H I N S T I T U T E O F A G R I C U LT U R E E N G I N E E R I N G A N D T E C H N O L O G Y
S A M H I G G I N B O T T O M U N I V E R S I T Y O F A G R I C U LT U R E , T E C H N O L O G Y A N D S C I E N C E S .
P R AYA G R A J ( A L L A H A B A D ) , 2 0 1 9
1

2. • PROFILE OF THE INDUSTRY
Indian Oil Corporation is an Indian public-sector petroleum company.
Largest Commercial enterprise in the nation which is 116th on the Fortune Global
500 listing.
IOCL was formed in 1964 and owns maximum numbers of refinery in the nation.
IOCL has the combined refining capacity of 60.2 MMPTA.
Largest cross country crude oil and pipeline network of 9300 KM.
Maximum number of stations in the country- 16455 Gasoline & Diesel stations.
Transports low Sulphur crude from Nigeria & high Sulphur crude from the
Middle East.
2

3. • VISION OF THE INDUSTRY
Indian Oil’s ‘Vision with Values’ encompasses the Corporation’s new
aspirations – to broaden its horizons, to expand across new vistas, and
to infuse new-age dynamism among its employees. ‘The Energy of
India’ and to become ‘A globally admired company.’
More importantly, the Vision is infused with the core values of Care,
Innovation, Passion and Trust, which have helped it to grow and
achieve new heights of success year after year.
3

4. • VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS OF MATHURA REFINERY
4
Atmospheric & Vacuum Distillation (AVU)
Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Unit (FCCU)
Merox (Mercaptan Oxidation) Unit
Propylene Recovery Unit (PRU)
Bitumen Blowing Unit (BBU)
Sulfur Recovery Unit (SRU)
Fig: Mercaptan Oxidation Unit

5. • PRODUCTS OF MATHURA REFINERY
i. Petrol/Gasoline
ii. Diesel
iii. Natural Gas
iv. Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF)
v. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
vi. Marine Fine Fuels & Lubricants
vii. Kerosene
viii. Bitumen
ix. Sulphur
5

6. • PROCESSES INVOLVED IN REFINING CRUDE OIL
1. Distilling: also known as fractional distillation is
the separation of crude oil in atmospheric and
vacuum distillation towers into groups of
hydrocarbon compounds of differing boiling-point
ranges called "fractions" or "cuts”. Crude oil is
made up of a mixture of hydrocarbons, and the
distillation process aims to separate this crude oil
into broad categories of its component
hydrocarbons, or "fractions." Crude oil is first
heated and then put into a distillation column, also
known as a still, where different products boil off
and are recovered at different temperatures.
Fig: Schematic Diagram of Fractional Distillation Process
6

7. 7
2. Cracking: it is the process used to maximize the usefulness of
heavy oil. Heavy oil has large strings of Carbon and Hydrogen
molecules. Generally, in cracking process, molecules are broken
into smaller chains by using a catalyst which transforms heavy
oil into lighter and valuable fluids. Cracking, as the name
suggests, is a process in which large hydrocarbon molecules are
broken down into smaller and more useful ones.
3. Reforming: it is the process in which the amount and quality of
the obtained petroleum products are increased and refined
respectively. From previous processes we know that Naphtha is
been separated in distilling process. Considering the example of
gasoline, the number of carbon atoms in gasoline equals to that
of naphtha, but structure of naphtha is complex. Therefore, in
this process, the molecules of naphtha are further reformed and
rearranged turning it into usable gasoline like molecule.
Fig: Schematic Diagram of Reforming Process

8. 8
4. Formulating and Blending: it is the process of mixing and
combining different refinery products such as hydrocarbon
fractions, additives, and other components to produce finished
products with specific performance properties. Product blending
plays a key role in preparing the refinery products for the market
to satisfy the product specifications and environmental
regulations. The objective of product blending is to assign all
available blend components to satisfy the product demand and
specifications to minimize cost and maximize overall profit.
5. Treating: it is the process of producing cleaner
gasoline so it helps in protecting environment and
our health. Gasoline molecules contain impurities
like Sulphur which can be removed with the help of
catalytic reaction.
Fig: Schematic Diagram of Reforming Process

9. 9
• PUMPS
ii. Screw Pump: Three-spindle screw pumps are used for
transport of viscous fluids with lubricating properties.
They are suited for a variety of applications such as
fuel-injection, oil burners, boosting, hydraulics, fuel,
lubrication, circulating, feed and so on.
i. Centrifugal Pump: Radial centrifugal pumps facilitate a
flow that is sped up in an outward motion via a pump
impeller. The energy is transferred to a chamber, which
then allows the fuel to exit the pump into downstream
piping. These types of centrifugal pumps are also
differentiated via their vertical and horizontal shaft
orientation, and they offer different applications and
restrictions.

10. 10
• MECHANICAL SEAL
The mechanical seals help sealing the rotating part of the shaft against the
stationary part of the pump housing. Thus the mechanical seals are the
devices that form the packing between the rotor and the stationary part of
the centrifugal pumps to prevent the leakage of the fluid being pumped by
the pump. In general, a mechanical seal is a piece of equipment which
enables you to connect the systems or mechanisms to stop the leakage in a
structure which contains pressure
The advantages of mechanical seals over compression packing or
glands are:
• Mechanical seals ensure almost zero or very little (as per the
regulations) leakage of the fluid from the pump casing to the
surroundings.
• The mechanical seals can sustain high pressures of the fluids and
highly corrosive fluids. There is always some leakage from the
compressible packing and sometimes they tend to fail under the
deteriorating effects of the chemicals, but such problems do not
occur with the mechanical seals.
Fig: Isometric & Sectional View of a Mechanical Seal.

11. 11
• VALVES
i. Ball Valves: A ball valve is a form of quarter-turn valve which
uses a hollow, perforated and pivoting ball to control flow through
it. It is open when the ball's hole is in line with the flow and
closed when it is pivoted 90-degrees by the valve handle.
ii. Butterfly Valve: A butterfly valve is a valve that isolates or
regulates the flow of a fluid. The closing mechanism is a disk that
rotates
Fig: Ball Valve
Fig: Butterfly Valve

12. 12
iii. Spool Valve: A hydraulic spool valve is a switching device used to
control hydraulic devices. Spool valves are used in everything from
automotive power-steering systems to cranes. A spool valve can turn the
flow of hydraulic fluid from a hydraulic pump to an actuator on and off
by blocking off the route the fluid takes.
iv. Pressure Release Valve: A relief valve or pressure relief valve (PRV)
is a type of safety valve used to control or limit the pressure in a
system; pressure might otherwise build up and create a process upset,
instrument or equipment failure, or fire.
Fig: Spool Valves
Fig: Pressure Release Valve

13. 13
Gasoline/ Petrol
Diesel
Natural Gas
Aviation Turbine Fuel
Liquefied Petroleum Gas
Marine Fuels
Kerosene
Bitumen
Sulphur
• PRODUCTS OF MATHURA REFINERY

14. • CONCLUSION
There are unquestionably numerous outcomes in this summer training at IOCL, primary of which are time
punctuality, quality work and sufficient safety precautions. The lessons, academically, learned at Mathura Refinery
were like the processes which are specifically involved in the extraction of petroleum products. The core leaning,
from a mechanical engineering point of view, was the involvement of the several mechanical components such as
mechanical seals, valves, pumps and other heavy machineries which used to play a crucial rule in the overall
refining of the oil. We also got to know about the sub elements within the refineries, such as distillation tower,
water cooling tower, power generation unit, furnaces, water purification techniques etc., which directly do not gets
involved in the refining process, but indirectly are very important for an uninterrupted and faultless refining to take
place.
14