https://utilitasmathematica.com/index.php/Index
Our Journal has a exploring partnerships and initiatives to provide training and resources to researchers, reviewers, and editors on issues related to JEDI in statistics. Journal has implemented rigorous editorial practices to ensure that published research adheres to JEDI principles.
FATHERS’ RESILIENCE IN COPING WITH THEIR NEW ROLE AS SINGLE FATHERS AFTER THE...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Families that are no longer intactleads to a restructuring of familial roles, necessitating single
parents to undertake dual responsibilities as both fathers and mothers for their children. This study aims to
describe the problems confronted by single fathers and their adaptive strategies during the Covid-19 pandemic
in Purbalingga Regency. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through observation,
interviews, and documentation. The findings illuminated the multifaceted difficulties encountered by single
fathers, encompassing childcare, sociall roles, family economy, and biological needs (sexual desires).
Additionally, this study highlighted the resilient capabilities exhibited by single fathers, encompassing causal
analysis, self-efficacy, emotional regulation, empathy, and impulse control. Moreover, single fathers showed
their dedication to fulfilling the diverse roles of a father, including being a child specialist and educator, a
teacher and role model, a protector, caregiver, and provider for their children.
Keywords: single father, problems, role, resilience, Covid-19.
Social Maturity of Adolescents In Relation To Their Home Environmentinventionjournals
Social maturity is a necessary aspect for the individual and society. Each individual is expected to show mature behavior in adolescence period because the socially immature behavior of child can be ignored but not the adolescent. Only a socially matured adolescent can be accepted both by the peers and society. The present study was undertaken to study the social maturity of adolescent students in relation to their home environment. The sample comprised of 500 adolescent students studying in 11th and 12th standards of Govt. Sen. Sec. Schools of South Haryana. Rao’s Social Maturity Scale was used to asses social maturity of adolescent students and Mishra’s Home Environment Inventory was used to study home environment of students. The obtained data was analyzed using Mean , S.D. ,Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation through SPSS version(17). The result of the present study revealed that there is significant negative relation between social maturity of adolescent students and various dimensions of home environment related to them.
Personality Development: Assessing the Effects of Single Parent Families on S...inventionjournals
Family structures are an important contributor to the physiological and behavioral development of students. It is hypothesized that personality development of students living with single parent is influenced by the type of family structure, parent with whom the child lives with and the amount of time spent by parents with their children. To investigate such influence, this study employed a cross-sectional co-relational research design. A snow ball sampling technique was used to identify respondents for sample. The study used a sample 60 students whereby 50% were from single parent homes and 50% from intact homes. Data was collected by use of questionnaire designed to identify factors that contribute to personality development of students. Personality development was measured using the Big Five dimensions of personality trait parameters namely openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism. The analysis was presented using frequencies, percentages, t-test, independent test and one way ANOVA tests. Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used to aid in generating a summary of results which were represented in tabular form. The findings of the study showed that there was very little influence of family structure on the personality development of the students. The absence of a parent or the interaction and involvement of parents with their children doesn’t have an immense effect on the personality development of the children, thus the amount of time spent by parents with their children doesn’t influence the personality development of students. The results also revealed that the major causes of the existence of single parent families are death and divorce.
Adolescence Offence and Social Responsibilities: Perspective Upper Class Boys...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Adolescence offence among upper-class boys remains shrouded in mystery. So scanty is our
knowledge of this group that a public image of the upper-class adolescent is non-existent, and neither the barest
trace nor suspicion is available of him as delinquent. Although the hard knot of delinquency (behavior that is apt
to try any public tolerance) is located in the bottom levels of the working class, limited studies (using selfreported techniques) have revealed delinquency throughout the class structure. But nothing is known about the
delinquency of boys who attend expensive private schools. The purpose of this paper is to study Bangladeshi
upper class adolescents’ involvement in different violent and criminal activities and their growing tendency to
commit acts of violence in high schools and the reasons behind them. This study therefore aims to provide such
data by attempting to understand the different influential factors that are closely related with the involvement of
adolescence offence in Bangladesh. This study is based on primary data of 200 upper class adolescents who are
involved in different criminal activities of Dhaka city, 40 parents, 30 secondary school teachers, 20 social
workers and on review of secondary literatures. After collecting the data they are transcribed, tabulated and
analyzed in terms of the research objectives. This study shows that parents’ detachment, low internet cost, social
media, reluctantness of law and enforcement agencies and friends’ influence play the most important role on
upper class adolescence offence. This study also recommends some ways to mitigate this problem.
KEY WORDS: adolescence, violence, social responsibility, mental health etc.
Attachment Security and Perceived Parental Psychological Control as Parameter...ijtsrd
The study examined attachment security and perceived parental psychological control as parameters of social value orientation among early adolescents. Participants for the study were 210 early adolescents who volunteered from NnamdiAzikiwe University High Awka. Participants’ age ranged from 11 to 15 years, with mean age of 13.26 years and standard deviation of 1.34. Three instruments were deployed for data collection secure domain of the attachment style questionnaire SDASQ by Van Oudenhoven, Hofstra, and Bakker 2003 , adopted version of psychological control domain of the parental control scale developed by Barber 1996 and social value orientation SVO developed by Schwartz 1994 . The study adopted correlation design and statistics appropriate for data analysis were correlation and multiple regression analysis enter method. Hypothesis one was confirmed and result showed that attachment security significantly and positively predicted social value orientation at B = .73 , P . 001. Hypothesis two result was not confirmed at B = .06, p .05. Hence, attachment security is a significant predictor of social value orientation. It was recommended that parents, teachers and care givers should ensure that they establish low anxiety type of relationship with their new born children in order to enhance low anxiety and low avoidance as this will help them at early adolescents to withstand peer pressure of during early adolescent. Nweke, Kingsley Onyibor | Dike Ibiwari Caroline | Dike, Adannia Amarachukwu | Umeaku Ndubuisi Nkemakonam "Attachment Security and Perceived Parental Psychological Control as Parameters of Social Value Orientation among Early Adolescents" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42368.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comhumanities-and-the-arts/psychology/42368/attachment-security-and-perceived-parental-psychological-control-as-parameters-of-social-value-orientation-among-early-adolescents/nweke-kingsley-onyibor
The Effects of Meaning in Life on Fertility Intentions in College Studentsijtsrd
Chinas population is 7.52 per 1,000 in 2021 falling below 10 per 1,000 for the second consecutive year. Research on fertility values from the perspective of psychology, to accurately understand peoples fertility needs and grasp their fertility behaviour, will not only provide a basis for evaluating the current demographic situation and predicting future demographic trends, but will also allow for better targeting when formulating population and family planning policies. However, from the existing literature, studies have only dealt with the factors influencing fertility intentions, mostly focusing on the impact of objective factors such as economic and social factors on fertility intentions, but rarely on the internal psychological traits of individuals. Therefore, this study will adopt a survey analysis method, using the sense of meaningfulness of life as the independent variable, to explore the current situation of young peoples fertility intentions, as well as to explore the influence of individual psychological factors such as the sense of meaningfulness of life on fertility intentions and their mechanisms of action, in order to provide data to support the formulation of population policies that are suitable for economic and social development. This study was based on the principle of convenience sampling, and the questionnaire was administered using online questionnaire distribution and offline distribution. The questionnaire consisted of three parts, namely, basic personal information, the Fertility Values Scale and the Sense of Meaning in Life Scale. The most central analysis of the questionnaire was achieved through SPSS analysis. The mean scores of the two scales were obtained separately, which were then analysed by correlation in SPSS and with the help of some basic information to obtain a more specific relationship between fertility value and sense of meaning in life. There are three main categories of respondents in the study, namely the general urban and rural population, the reproductive age population and young people. Age is an important factor so young people under 35 years of age, are the most appropriate respondents. At the same time, as fertility is an act that is decided and carried out by the couple together, it is important that not only women but also men are surveyed. Yue Ting Wang | Tian Tian | Geng Yuan Chen | Yi Xing | Shi Yuan Su "The Effects of Meaning in Life on Fertility Intentions in College Students" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52293.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/52293/the-effects-of-meaning-in-life-on-fertility-intentions-in-college-students/yue-ting-wang
FATHERS’ RESILIENCE IN COPING WITH THEIR NEW ROLE AS SINGLE FATHERS AFTER THE...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Families that are no longer intactleads to a restructuring of familial roles, necessitating single
parents to undertake dual responsibilities as both fathers and mothers for their children. This study aims to
describe the problems confronted by single fathers and their adaptive strategies during the Covid-19 pandemic
in Purbalingga Regency. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through observation,
interviews, and documentation. The findings illuminated the multifaceted difficulties encountered by single
fathers, encompassing childcare, sociall roles, family economy, and biological needs (sexual desires).
Additionally, this study highlighted the resilient capabilities exhibited by single fathers, encompassing causal
analysis, self-efficacy, emotional regulation, empathy, and impulse control. Moreover, single fathers showed
their dedication to fulfilling the diverse roles of a father, including being a child specialist and educator, a
teacher and role model, a protector, caregiver, and provider for their children.
Keywords: single father, problems, role, resilience, Covid-19.
Social Maturity of Adolescents In Relation To Their Home Environmentinventionjournals
Social maturity is a necessary aspect for the individual and society. Each individual is expected to show mature behavior in adolescence period because the socially immature behavior of child can be ignored but not the adolescent. Only a socially matured adolescent can be accepted both by the peers and society. The present study was undertaken to study the social maturity of adolescent students in relation to their home environment. The sample comprised of 500 adolescent students studying in 11th and 12th standards of Govt. Sen. Sec. Schools of South Haryana. Rao’s Social Maturity Scale was used to asses social maturity of adolescent students and Mishra’s Home Environment Inventory was used to study home environment of students. The obtained data was analyzed using Mean , S.D. ,Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation through SPSS version(17). The result of the present study revealed that there is significant negative relation between social maturity of adolescent students and various dimensions of home environment related to them.
Personality Development: Assessing the Effects of Single Parent Families on S...inventionjournals
Family structures are an important contributor to the physiological and behavioral development of students. It is hypothesized that personality development of students living with single parent is influenced by the type of family structure, parent with whom the child lives with and the amount of time spent by parents with their children. To investigate such influence, this study employed a cross-sectional co-relational research design. A snow ball sampling technique was used to identify respondents for sample. The study used a sample 60 students whereby 50% were from single parent homes and 50% from intact homes. Data was collected by use of questionnaire designed to identify factors that contribute to personality development of students. Personality development was measured using the Big Five dimensions of personality trait parameters namely openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism. The analysis was presented using frequencies, percentages, t-test, independent test and one way ANOVA tests. Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used to aid in generating a summary of results which were represented in tabular form. The findings of the study showed that there was very little influence of family structure on the personality development of the students. The absence of a parent or the interaction and involvement of parents with their children doesn’t have an immense effect on the personality development of the children, thus the amount of time spent by parents with their children doesn’t influence the personality development of students. The results also revealed that the major causes of the existence of single parent families are death and divorce.
Adolescence Offence and Social Responsibilities: Perspective Upper Class Boys...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Adolescence offence among upper-class boys remains shrouded in mystery. So scanty is our
knowledge of this group that a public image of the upper-class adolescent is non-existent, and neither the barest
trace nor suspicion is available of him as delinquent. Although the hard knot of delinquency (behavior that is apt
to try any public tolerance) is located in the bottom levels of the working class, limited studies (using selfreported techniques) have revealed delinquency throughout the class structure. But nothing is known about the
delinquency of boys who attend expensive private schools. The purpose of this paper is to study Bangladeshi
upper class adolescents’ involvement in different violent and criminal activities and their growing tendency to
commit acts of violence in high schools and the reasons behind them. This study therefore aims to provide such
data by attempting to understand the different influential factors that are closely related with the involvement of
adolescence offence in Bangladesh. This study is based on primary data of 200 upper class adolescents who are
involved in different criminal activities of Dhaka city, 40 parents, 30 secondary school teachers, 20 social
workers and on review of secondary literatures. After collecting the data they are transcribed, tabulated and
analyzed in terms of the research objectives. This study shows that parents’ detachment, low internet cost, social
media, reluctantness of law and enforcement agencies and friends’ influence play the most important role on
upper class adolescence offence. This study also recommends some ways to mitigate this problem.
KEY WORDS: adolescence, violence, social responsibility, mental health etc.
Attachment Security and Perceived Parental Psychological Control as Parameter...ijtsrd
The study examined attachment security and perceived parental psychological control as parameters of social value orientation among early adolescents. Participants for the study were 210 early adolescents who volunteered from NnamdiAzikiwe University High Awka. Participants’ age ranged from 11 to 15 years, with mean age of 13.26 years and standard deviation of 1.34. Three instruments were deployed for data collection secure domain of the attachment style questionnaire SDASQ by Van Oudenhoven, Hofstra, and Bakker 2003 , adopted version of psychological control domain of the parental control scale developed by Barber 1996 and social value orientation SVO developed by Schwartz 1994 . The study adopted correlation design and statistics appropriate for data analysis were correlation and multiple regression analysis enter method. Hypothesis one was confirmed and result showed that attachment security significantly and positively predicted social value orientation at B = .73 , P . 001. Hypothesis two result was not confirmed at B = .06, p .05. Hence, attachment security is a significant predictor of social value orientation. It was recommended that parents, teachers and care givers should ensure that they establish low anxiety type of relationship with their new born children in order to enhance low anxiety and low avoidance as this will help them at early adolescents to withstand peer pressure of during early adolescent. Nweke, Kingsley Onyibor | Dike Ibiwari Caroline | Dike, Adannia Amarachukwu | Umeaku Ndubuisi Nkemakonam "Attachment Security and Perceived Parental Psychological Control as Parameters of Social Value Orientation among Early Adolescents" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42368.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comhumanities-and-the-arts/psychology/42368/attachment-security-and-perceived-parental-psychological-control-as-parameters-of-social-value-orientation-among-early-adolescents/nweke-kingsley-onyibor
The Effects of Meaning in Life on Fertility Intentions in College Studentsijtsrd
Chinas population is 7.52 per 1,000 in 2021 falling below 10 per 1,000 for the second consecutive year. Research on fertility values from the perspective of psychology, to accurately understand peoples fertility needs and grasp their fertility behaviour, will not only provide a basis for evaluating the current demographic situation and predicting future demographic trends, but will also allow for better targeting when formulating population and family planning policies. However, from the existing literature, studies have only dealt with the factors influencing fertility intentions, mostly focusing on the impact of objective factors such as economic and social factors on fertility intentions, but rarely on the internal psychological traits of individuals. Therefore, this study will adopt a survey analysis method, using the sense of meaningfulness of life as the independent variable, to explore the current situation of young peoples fertility intentions, as well as to explore the influence of individual psychological factors such as the sense of meaningfulness of life on fertility intentions and their mechanisms of action, in order to provide data to support the formulation of population policies that are suitable for economic and social development. This study was based on the principle of convenience sampling, and the questionnaire was administered using online questionnaire distribution and offline distribution. The questionnaire consisted of three parts, namely, basic personal information, the Fertility Values Scale and the Sense of Meaning in Life Scale. The most central analysis of the questionnaire was achieved through SPSS analysis. The mean scores of the two scales were obtained separately, which were then analysed by correlation in SPSS and with the help of some basic information to obtain a more specific relationship between fertility value and sense of meaning in life. There are three main categories of respondents in the study, namely the general urban and rural population, the reproductive age population and young people. Age is an important factor so young people under 35 years of age, are the most appropriate respondents. At the same time, as fertility is an act that is decided and carried out by the couple together, it is important that not only women but also men are surveyed. Yue Ting Wang | Tian Tian | Geng Yuan Chen | Yi Xing | Shi Yuan Su "The Effects of Meaning in Life on Fertility Intentions in College Students" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52293.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/52293/the-effects-of-meaning-in-life-on-fertility-intentions-in-college-students/yue-ting-wang
A Study on Problems Faced by Single Parent Children with Special Reference to...ijtsrd
Over the past 20 years single parent families have become even more common than the so called nuclear family consisting of a mother, father and children. Today we see all sorts of single parent families headed by mothers, headed by fathers, headed by a grandparent raising their grandchildren. Life in a single parent household though common can be quite stressful for the adult and the children. The single parent may feel overwhelmed by the responsibility of juggling caring for the children, maintaining a job and keeping up with the bills and household chores. And typically, the familys finances and resources are drastically reduced following the parents breakup. The present study concludes that Majority 56 of the respondent’s Problems faced by single parent children’s of moderate level, 30 percent of the respondent’s Problems faced by single parent children’s of high level and14 percent of the respondent’s Problems faced by single parents’ children’s of low level. Dr. M. Punitha | Mr. Saran. S "A Study on Problems Faced by Single Parent Children with Special Reference to Coimbatore District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-5 , October 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd60007.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/60007/a-study-on-problems-faced-by-single-parent-children-with-special-reference-to-coimbatore-district/dr-m-punitha
Social Connections Strategy as a Predictive Factor of the First year Adolesce...ijtsrd
The study was carried out to investigate “social connections strategy and it influence on the first year adolescent academic adjustment in Cameroon state Universities. The researcher made used of mixed method with a concurrent nested research design. The instrument used for data collection was questionnaire. The sample was made up of 759 students proportionately selected from five state Universities University of Bamenda, University of Buea, University of Maroua and University of Yaounde 1 and university of Betoua . Data was analysed using inferential and descriptive statistics. The descriptive statistical tools used were frequency count, percentages and multiple responses set which aimed at calculating the summary of findings. To test the hypothesis, the Spearman rho test was used because the data were not normally distributed based on the statistics of the test of normality assumption trend. In addition to the Spearman’s rho test, the Cox and Snell test was equally computed to explain the explanatory power in the hypothesis in terms of percentage to ease comprehension in readers who find it difficult to interpret the correlation coefficient value. On the other, the qualitative data derived from open ended questions were analysed using the thematic analysis approach with the aid of themes, groundings frequency and quotations. Findings showed that social connections r value 0.442 , p value 0.001 significantly influence the academic adjustment of newly admitted University students. The positivity of the influence implied that newly admitted University students are more likely to be academically adjusted when they are social connected with significant others. Nkemanjen Donatus Achankeng | Ngemunang Agnes Ngale Lyonga "Social Connections Strategy as a Predictive Factor of the First year Adolescent Students' Academic Adjustment in Cameroon State Universities" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-5 , October 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59866.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/home-science/education/59866/social-connections-strategy-as-a-predictive-factor-of-the--first-year-adolescent-students-academic-adjustment--in-cameroon-state-universities/nkemanjen-donatus-achankeng
Effect of Parenting Style on Child Behavior: A Qualitative AnalysisMuhammad Arslan
Parting styles and its impact of child behavior is core phenomena of behavioral science that needs specific
attention from researcher and practitioner around the globe. The purpose of present qualitative study is to explore
the new trend of parenting style emerging in the society and their impact on child behaviors by using
unstructured interviews trough homogeneous sampling of parents located in Islamabad and native areas. The
data gathered from unstructured interviews was transcribed and processed through thematic analysis using NVivo
10 software. The findings of study reveal the notion that ultimately behavior of child depends upon
parenting style and many factors contribute in shaping parenting style that may be external environment, support,
love, affection and opportunities. Effective communication is the ultimately outcome that is effective among
majority of parents and that can be used by parents in accessing their child behavior and adjusting their parenting
strategies
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Assessment of Adjustment, Decision Making Ability in Relation to Personality ...ijtsrd
Adolescence is a period of substantial changes. As a result, research on adolescent personality change has been on the rise in the last decade Klimstra, 2013 . Erikson 1968 describes adolescence as a developmental period of “assess the identity versus role confusion-. Adolescence is the critical transition period because adolescents become more independent and begin to consider the future in terms of relationships, families, careers, and their own identity. Adolescence is the period of maximum growth with regard to cognitive mental functioning. Intellectual powers like long term memory, logical thinking, abstract reasoning, problem solving, and decision making abilities are developed during their stage. Cognitive development takes place at a fast pace during adolescence. Education plays a major role in shaping adolescents’ life through their adjustment ability, decision making capacity. As a whole, the personality of a person develops in the desired manner in society. In the present investigation, an attempt is made to assess the adjustment, decision making ability in relation to the personality of adolescents. The survey method was used to assess the adjustment and decision making ability of college students in relation to their personalities. Dr. Sandhya Rani Mohanty "Assessment of Adjustment, Decision Making Ability in Relation to Personality of Adolescents" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45225.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/home-science/human-development-and-relationships/45225/assessment-of-adjustment-decision-making-ability-in-relation-to-personality-of-adolescents/dr-sandhya-rani-mohanty
College Students' Attitude towards Premarital Sex: Implication for Guidance a...AJSERJournal
In many African countries, discussing sexuality still remains a taboo, despite the increasing number of
sexual activities among college students. The study sought to find out college students attitude towards premarital sex
and the implication of guidance and counselling. It was guided by the social learning theory. Using a descriptive survey
design data was collected through personally delivered questionnaire to 452 students who were randomly selected
from middle level colleges in Nakuru County. The questionnaire was validated through piloting in one college outside
Nakuru. Reliability coefficient for questionnaire was estimated through test-retest method and Cronbach’s alpha stood
at R=84. Data was analyzed using qualitative and quantitative data. Study findings indicate that 258 or 57% of the
respondents were liberal about premarital sex and viewed it as a normal act that should not attract criticism. A total of
194 or 43% were conservative and believed that it is against the norms of society and the teachings of the church.
Factors associated with premarital sex, include love, peer pressure, drug abuse and economic factors. Counselling was
seen as the best strategic to handle sex issues, but was not effective due to stigma associated with premarital sex. The
study recommended the college administrators step up strategies to supervise both the social and academic life of the
students. By providing them with information, to make informed consent on sexual matters.
Influence of culture linked gender and age on social competence of higher sec...inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Attitude Similarity in Three-Generation Families Socializatio.docxrock73
Attitude Similarity in Three-Generation Families: Socialization, Status Inheritance, or
Reciprocal Influence?
Author(s): Jennifer Glass, Vern L. Bengtson and Charlotte Chorn Dunham
Source: American Sociological Review, Vol. 51, No. 5 (Oct., 1986), pp. 685-698
Published by: American Sociological Association
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2095493 .
Accessed: 23/08/2013 17:46
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
.
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of
content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms
of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]
.
American Sociological Association is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to
American Sociological Review.
http://www.jstor.org
This content downloaded from 128.110.224.115 on Fri, 23 Aug 2013 17:46:05 PM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=asa
http://www.jstor.org/stable/2095493?origin=JSTOR-pdf
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
ATTITUDE SIMILARITY IN THREE-GENERATION FAMILIES:
SOCIALIZATION, STATUS INHERITANCE,
OR RECIPROCAL INFLUENCE?*
JENNIFER GLASS VERN L. BENGTSON
University of Notre Dame CHARLOTTE CHORN DUNHAM
University of Southern California
This study examines hypotheses of attitude transmission across three ideological domains
(gender roles, politics, religion) to access the adequacy of direct socialization, status
inheritance, and reciprocal influence models in a developmental aging perspective. Data
are from 2,044 individuals, members of three generation families, grouped to form
parent-youth (G2-G3) and grandparent-parent (GJ-G2) dyads. Results suggest, first, that
there is little convergence of parent-child attitudes with age when viewed cross-sectionally.
Second, status inheritance processes do account for a substantial amount of observed
parent-child similarity, but parental attitudes continue to significantly predict childrens'
orientations after childhood. Third, child influences on parental attitudes are relatively
strong and stable across age groups, while parental influence decreases with age, although
the exact pattern of influence varies by attitude domain.
For many years, social theorists have considered
the role of the family in maintaining continuity in
social ideologies over time (Engels [1884], 1967;
Adorno et al., 1950; Parsons and Bales, 1955;
Thomas and Znaniecki, 1958; Chodorow, 1978).
The resulting view of the family as conservative
(for example, slowing the pace of social change)
and monolithic (influencing individual beliefs in ...
Attitude Similarity in Three-Generation Families Socializatio.docxcelenarouzie
Attitude Similarity in Three-Generation Families: Socialization, Status Inheritance, or
Reciprocal Influence?
Author(s): Jennifer Glass, Vern L. Bengtson and Charlotte Chorn Dunham
Source: American Sociological Review, Vol. 51, No. 5 (Oct., 1986), pp. 685-698
Published by: American Sociological Association
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2095493 .
Accessed: 23/08/2013 17:46
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
.
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of
content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms
of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]
.
American Sociological Association is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to
American Sociological Review.
http://www.jstor.org
This content downloaded from 128.110.224.115 on Fri, 23 Aug 2013 17:46:05 PM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=asa
http://www.jstor.org/stable/2095493?origin=JSTOR-pdf
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
ATTITUDE SIMILARITY IN THREE-GENERATION FAMILIES:
SOCIALIZATION, STATUS INHERITANCE,
OR RECIPROCAL INFLUENCE?*
JENNIFER GLASS VERN L. BENGTSON
University of Notre Dame CHARLOTTE CHORN DUNHAM
University of Southern California
This study examines hypotheses of attitude transmission across three ideological domains
(gender roles, politics, religion) to access the adequacy of direct socialization, status
inheritance, and reciprocal influence models in a developmental aging perspective. Data
are from 2,044 individuals, members of three generation families, grouped to form
parent-youth (G2-G3) and grandparent-parent (GJ-G2) dyads. Results suggest, first, that
there is little convergence of parent-child attitudes with age when viewed cross-sectionally.
Second, status inheritance processes do account for a substantial amount of observed
parent-child similarity, but parental attitudes continue to significantly predict childrens'
orientations after childhood. Third, child influences on parental attitudes are relatively
strong and stable across age groups, while parental influence decreases with age, although
the exact pattern of influence varies by attitude domain.
For many years, social theorists have considered
the role of the family in maintaining continuity in
social ideologies over time (Engels [1884], 1967;
Adorno et al., 1950; Parsons and Bales, 1955;
Thomas and Znaniecki, 1958; Chodorow, 1978).
The resulting view of the family as conservative
(for example, slowing the pace of social change)
and monolithic (influencing individual beliefs in .
Communicating Community Environment of Junior High School Students in the Fir...ijtsrd
The study investigates the community environment, particularly the learning and social communities of junior high school students in the first congressional district of Northern Samar, Philippines. The research design employed descriptive research. The sample consisted of 388 junior high school students enrolled during the Academic Year 2019 2020. The research findings revealed that while the learning community was moderately favorable, the social community was highly favorable. To sum up, the community environment was moderately favorable. It was also indicated that a communication task force should be instituted in schools. In the same manner, the schools should forge for sustainable school students community relations. Veronica A. Piczon | Leah A. De Asis | Brenfred N. Romero "Communicating Community Environment of Junior High School Students in the First Congressional District of Northern Samar, Philippines: Inputs to School-Students-Community Relations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49272.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/49272/communicating-community-environment-of-junior-high-school-students-in-the-first-congressional-district-of-northern-samar-philippines-inputs-to-schoolstudentscommunity-relations/veronica-a-piczon
Effect of Social Attitude on Academic Achievement of Tribal Students at Secon...ijtsrd
The educational problems of the mass of people in the country appear to have close relations with the ethos of the society. Most of the socially and economically disadvantaged and deprived groups of the society are found to be backward. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the status of these groups, understand their socioeconomic setting and resolve the problem at hand illiteracy and ignorance. Education, with a fervent hope that it widens the mind, trains the critical faculties of thought and judgement, has always been valued highly by all societies and cultures. It is considered the sine qua non for the freedom from the shackles of ignorance, dependency and poverty etc. Eradication of illiteracy is considered as one of the significant objectives of developmental planning in India today. Literacy is universally recognised as a powerful instrument of social change. The tribal population is, however handicapped socially as well as economically and has not responded vigorously to the times aimed at the eradication of illiteracy. Priyaranjan Das "Effect of Social Attitude on Academic Achievement of Tribal Students at Secondary Level in Kalahandi District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46287.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/46287/effect-of-social-attitude-on-academic-achievement-of-tribal-students-at-secondary-level-in-kalahandi-district/priyaranjan-das
Child Abuse and Its Impact on Students’ Psychological Well Being in NDU Munic...ijtsrd
This study was designed to investigate “The Impact of Child Abuse on Students’ Psychological Well being” in Ndu Municipality, North west Region of Cameroon. Specifically, the study seeks to investigate the impact of sexual, emotional abuse and child neglect on student’s psychological well being in secondary schools in Ndu Municipality. A mixed methods design was adopted for the study. Questionnaires for students and interview guide for teachers were used for the collection of data and a purposive sampling technique was used to select respondents. A sample of 150 students were selected and administered the questionnaire and 27 teachers were interviewed. Data was analyzed quantitatively with the aid of frequency count and percentages, hypothesis tested using Spearman Rho and Chi square. Qualitatively data was analysed using thematic analysis. Finally, findings were presented using frequency distribution tables and charts and inferential statistic was presented, 95 level of confidence interval with alpha at 0.05 levels accepting only 5 margin of errors. Findings affirmed the fact that there was a significant and positive relationship between sexual abuse and students’ psychological well being P=0.000 0.001, R=0.170 . Similarly, the findings equally revealed that there was a significant and positive relationship between emotional abuse and students’ psychological well being P=0.000 0.001, R=0.353 . Also, findings also showed that, there was a significant and positive relationship between child neglect and students’ psychological well being P=0.000 0.001, R=0.346 . The findings indicated that, child abuse has an impact on students’ psychological well being in Ndu Municipality. Based on the findings, some recommendations were made that government should ensure proper creation, implementation and dissemination of policies to address child abuse both in schools and homes. Also, parents should adopt positive values and show love towards their children in order to boost students’ psychological well being. Neba Vernat Neh | Lukong Evelyn Shulika "Child Abuse and Its Impact on Students’ Psychological Well-Being in NDU Municipality" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-6 , December 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd61212.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/61212/child-abuse-and-its-impact-on-students’-psychological-wellbeing-in-ndu-municipality/neba-vernat-neh
A Case Report Adjustment Reaction in School Childrenijtsrd
Adjustment is a built in way to deal with a problem or other life facts. Adjustments were taken as an indication of integration harmonious human behavior when another person in society sees the person being properly corrected. Adjustment begins from childhood. Adjustment is not as simple as adapting to a new environment or environment. It is actually a process of behavior in which humans and other animals maintain a balance between their various needs or between their needs and the barriers of their environment. Common problems in coping with stress, alcohol abuse, suicide Tried and Ended , drug abuse, bipolar affective disorder, violence, murder, rape, robbery, serious assault, child abuse, sexual abuse, phobia Social phobia , behavioral disorders and mental illness. Mr. Deepak | Ms. Neelima "A Case Report: Adjustment Reaction in School Children" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51937.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/other/51937/a-case-report-adjustment-reaction-in-school-children/mr-deepak
https://jst.org.in/index.html
Our journal has academic journals form a crucial nexus. Educators leverage the latest research findings to enrich their teaching methodologies, ensuring that students are exposed to the most current and relevant information. Simultaneously, these educators contribute to the body of knowledge through their own research, creating a perpetual cycle of growth.
https://ijaast.com/index.html
Our journal has open-access nature of IJAAST fosters global collaboration. Researchers from diverse geographical locations can engage with and build upon each other's work, transcending borders to collectively address the challenges and opportunities in agricultural science and technology.
A Study on Problems Faced by Single Parent Children with Special Reference to...ijtsrd
Over the past 20 years single parent families have become even more common than the so called nuclear family consisting of a mother, father and children. Today we see all sorts of single parent families headed by mothers, headed by fathers, headed by a grandparent raising their grandchildren. Life in a single parent household though common can be quite stressful for the adult and the children. The single parent may feel overwhelmed by the responsibility of juggling caring for the children, maintaining a job and keeping up with the bills and household chores. And typically, the familys finances and resources are drastically reduced following the parents breakup. The present study concludes that Majority 56 of the respondent’s Problems faced by single parent children’s of moderate level, 30 percent of the respondent’s Problems faced by single parent children’s of high level and14 percent of the respondent’s Problems faced by single parents’ children’s of low level. Dr. M. Punitha | Mr. Saran. S "A Study on Problems Faced by Single Parent Children with Special Reference to Coimbatore District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-5 , October 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd60007.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/60007/a-study-on-problems-faced-by-single-parent-children-with-special-reference-to-coimbatore-district/dr-m-punitha
Social Connections Strategy as a Predictive Factor of the First year Adolesce...ijtsrd
The study was carried out to investigate “social connections strategy and it influence on the first year adolescent academic adjustment in Cameroon state Universities. The researcher made used of mixed method with a concurrent nested research design. The instrument used for data collection was questionnaire. The sample was made up of 759 students proportionately selected from five state Universities University of Bamenda, University of Buea, University of Maroua and University of Yaounde 1 and university of Betoua . Data was analysed using inferential and descriptive statistics. The descriptive statistical tools used were frequency count, percentages and multiple responses set which aimed at calculating the summary of findings. To test the hypothesis, the Spearman rho test was used because the data were not normally distributed based on the statistics of the test of normality assumption trend. In addition to the Spearman’s rho test, the Cox and Snell test was equally computed to explain the explanatory power in the hypothesis in terms of percentage to ease comprehension in readers who find it difficult to interpret the correlation coefficient value. On the other, the qualitative data derived from open ended questions were analysed using the thematic analysis approach with the aid of themes, groundings frequency and quotations. Findings showed that social connections r value 0.442 , p value 0.001 significantly influence the academic adjustment of newly admitted University students. The positivity of the influence implied that newly admitted University students are more likely to be academically adjusted when they are social connected with significant others. Nkemanjen Donatus Achankeng | Ngemunang Agnes Ngale Lyonga "Social Connections Strategy as a Predictive Factor of the First year Adolescent Students' Academic Adjustment in Cameroon State Universities" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-5 , October 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59866.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/home-science/education/59866/social-connections-strategy-as-a-predictive-factor-of-the--first-year-adolescent-students-academic-adjustment--in-cameroon-state-universities/nkemanjen-donatus-achankeng
Effect of Parenting Style on Child Behavior: A Qualitative AnalysisMuhammad Arslan
Parting styles and its impact of child behavior is core phenomena of behavioral science that needs specific
attention from researcher and practitioner around the globe. The purpose of present qualitative study is to explore
the new trend of parenting style emerging in the society and their impact on child behaviors by using
unstructured interviews trough homogeneous sampling of parents located in Islamabad and native areas. The
data gathered from unstructured interviews was transcribed and processed through thematic analysis using NVivo
10 software. The findings of study reveal the notion that ultimately behavior of child depends upon
parenting style and many factors contribute in shaping parenting style that may be external environment, support,
love, affection and opportunities. Effective communication is the ultimately outcome that is effective among
majority of parents and that can be used by parents in accessing their child behavior and adjusting their parenting
strategies
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Assessment of Adjustment, Decision Making Ability in Relation to Personality ...ijtsrd
Adolescence is a period of substantial changes. As a result, research on adolescent personality change has been on the rise in the last decade Klimstra, 2013 . Erikson 1968 describes adolescence as a developmental period of “assess the identity versus role confusion-. Adolescence is the critical transition period because adolescents become more independent and begin to consider the future in terms of relationships, families, careers, and their own identity. Adolescence is the period of maximum growth with regard to cognitive mental functioning. Intellectual powers like long term memory, logical thinking, abstract reasoning, problem solving, and decision making abilities are developed during their stage. Cognitive development takes place at a fast pace during adolescence. Education plays a major role in shaping adolescents’ life through their adjustment ability, decision making capacity. As a whole, the personality of a person develops in the desired manner in society. In the present investigation, an attempt is made to assess the adjustment, decision making ability in relation to the personality of adolescents. The survey method was used to assess the adjustment and decision making ability of college students in relation to their personalities. Dr. Sandhya Rani Mohanty "Assessment of Adjustment, Decision Making Ability in Relation to Personality of Adolescents" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45225.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/home-science/human-development-and-relationships/45225/assessment-of-adjustment-decision-making-ability-in-relation-to-personality-of-adolescents/dr-sandhya-rani-mohanty
College Students' Attitude towards Premarital Sex: Implication for Guidance a...AJSERJournal
In many African countries, discussing sexuality still remains a taboo, despite the increasing number of
sexual activities among college students. The study sought to find out college students attitude towards premarital sex
and the implication of guidance and counselling. It was guided by the social learning theory. Using a descriptive survey
design data was collected through personally delivered questionnaire to 452 students who were randomly selected
from middle level colleges in Nakuru County. The questionnaire was validated through piloting in one college outside
Nakuru. Reliability coefficient for questionnaire was estimated through test-retest method and Cronbach’s alpha stood
at R=84. Data was analyzed using qualitative and quantitative data. Study findings indicate that 258 or 57% of the
respondents were liberal about premarital sex and viewed it as a normal act that should not attract criticism. A total of
194 or 43% were conservative and believed that it is against the norms of society and the teachings of the church.
Factors associated with premarital sex, include love, peer pressure, drug abuse and economic factors. Counselling was
seen as the best strategic to handle sex issues, but was not effective due to stigma associated with premarital sex. The
study recommended the college administrators step up strategies to supervise both the social and academic life of the
students. By providing them with information, to make informed consent on sexual matters.
Influence of culture linked gender and age on social competence of higher sec...inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Attitude Similarity in Three-Generation Families Socializatio.docxrock73
Attitude Similarity in Three-Generation Families: Socialization, Status Inheritance, or
Reciprocal Influence?
Author(s): Jennifer Glass, Vern L. Bengtson and Charlotte Chorn Dunham
Source: American Sociological Review, Vol. 51, No. 5 (Oct., 1986), pp. 685-698
Published by: American Sociological Association
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2095493 .
Accessed: 23/08/2013 17:46
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
.
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of
content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms
of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]
.
American Sociological Association is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to
American Sociological Review.
http://www.jstor.org
This content downloaded from 128.110.224.115 on Fri, 23 Aug 2013 17:46:05 PM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=asa
http://www.jstor.org/stable/2095493?origin=JSTOR-pdf
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
ATTITUDE SIMILARITY IN THREE-GENERATION FAMILIES:
SOCIALIZATION, STATUS INHERITANCE,
OR RECIPROCAL INFLUENCE?*
JENNIFER GLASS VERN L. BENGTSON
University of Notre Dame CHARLOTTE CHORN DUNHAM
University of Southern California
This study examines hypotheses of attitude transmission across three ideological domains
(gender roles, politics, religion) to access the adequacy of direct socialization, status
inheritance, and reciprocal influence models in a developmental aging perspective. Data
are from 2,044 individuals, members of three generation families, grouped to form
parent-youth (G2-G3) and grandparent-parent (GJ-G2) dyads. Results suggest, first, that
there is little convergence of parent-child attitudes with age when viewed cross-sectionally.
Second, status inheritance processes do account for a substantial amount of observed
parent-child similarity, but parental attitudes continue to significantly predict childrens'
orientations after childhood. Third, child influences on parental attitudes are relatively
strong and stable across age groups, while parental influence decreases with age, although
the exact pattern of influence varies by attitude domain.
For many years, social theorists have considered
the role of the family in maintaining continuity in
social ideologies over time (Engels [1884], 1967;
Adorno et al., 1950; Parsons and Bales, 1955;
Thomas and Znaniecki, 1958; Chodorow, 1978).
The resulting view of the family as conservative
(for example, slowing the pace of social change)
and monolithic (influencing individual beliefs in ...
Attitude Similarity in Three-Generation Families Socializatio.docxcelenarouzie
Attitude Similarity in Three-Generation Families: Socialization, Status Inheritance, or
Reciprocal Influence?
Author(s): Jennifer Glass, Vern L. Bengtson and Charlotte Chorn Dunham
Source: American Sociological Review, Vol. 51, No. 5 (Oct., 1986), pp. 685-698
Published by: American Sociological Association
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2095493 .
Accessed: 23/08/2013 17:46
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
.
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of
content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms
of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]
.
American Sociological Association is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to
American Sociological Review.
http://www.jstor.org
This content downloaded from 128.110.224.115 on Fri, 23 Aug 2013 17:46:05 PM
All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=asa
http://www.jstor.org/stable/2095493?origin=JSTOR-pdf
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
ATTITUDE SIMILARITY IN THREE-GENERATION FAMILIES:
SOCIALIZATION, STATUS INHERITANCE,
OR RECIPROCAL INFLUENCE?*
JENNIFER GLASS VERN L. BENGTSON
University of Notre Dame CHARLOTTE CHORN DUNHAM
University of Southern California
This study examines hypotheses of attitude transmission across three ideological domains
(gender roles, politics, religion) to access the adequacy of direct socialization, status
inheritance, and reciprocal influence models in a developmental aging perspective. Data
are from 2,044 individuals, members of three generation families, grouped to form
parent-youth (G2-G3) and grandparent-parent (GJ-G2) dyads. Results suggest, first, that
there is little convergence of parent-child attitudes with age when viewed cross-sectionally.
Second, status inheritance processes do account for a substantial amount of observed
parent-child similarity, but parental attitudes continue to significantly predict childrens'
orientations after childhood. Third, child influences on parental attitudes are relatively
strong and stable across age groups, while parental influence decreases with age, although
the exact pattern of influence varies by attitude domain.
For many years, social theorists have considered
the role of the family in maintaining continuity in
social ideologies over time (Engels [1884], 1967;
Adorno et al., 1950; Parsons and Bales, 1955;
Thomas and Znaniecki, 1958; Chodorow, 1978).
The resulting view of the family as conservative
(for example, slowing the pace of social change)
and monolithic (influencing individual beliefs in .
Communicating Community Environment of Junior High School Students in the Fir...ijtsrd
The study investigates the community environment, particularly the learning and social communities of junior high school students in the first congressional district of Northern Samar, Philippines. The research design employed descriptive research. The sample consisted of 388 junior high school students enrolled during the Academic Year 2019 2020. The research findings revealed that while the learning community was moderately favorable, the social community was highly favorable. To sum up, the community environment was moderately favorable. It was also indicated that a communication task force should be instituted in schools. In the same manner, the schools should forge for sustainable school students community relations. Veronica A. Piczon | Leah A. De Asis | Brenfred N. Romero "Communicating Community Environment of Junior High School Students in the First Congressional District of Northern Samar, Philippines: Inputs to School-Students-Community Relations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49272.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/49272/communicating-community-environment-of-junior-high-school-students-in-the-first-congressional-district-of-northern-samar-philippines-inputs-to-schoolstudentscommunity-relations/veronica-a-piczon
Effect of Social Attitude on Academic Achievement of Tribal Students at Secon...ijtsrd
The educational problems of the mass of people in the country appear to have close relations with the ethos of the society. Most of the socially and economically disadvantaged and deprived groups of the society are found to be backward. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the status of these groups, understand their socioeconomic setting and resolve the problem at hand illiteracy and ignorance. Education, with a fervent hope that it widens the mind, trains the critical faculties of thought and judgement, has always been valued highly by all societies and cultures. It is considered the sine qua non for the freedom from the shackles of ignorance, dependency and poverty etc. Eradication of illiteracy is considered as one of the significant objectives of developmental planning in India today. Literacy is universally recognised as a powerful instrument of social change. The tribal population is, however handicapped socially as well as economically and has not responded vigorously to the times aimed at the eradication of illiteracy. Priyaranjan Das "Effect of Social Attitude on Academic Achievement of Tribal Students at Secondary Level in Kalahandi District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46287.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/46287/effect-of-social-attitude-on-academic-achievement-of-tribal-students-at-secondary-level-in-kalahandi-district/priyaranjan-das
Child Abuse and Its Impact on Students’ Psychological Well Being in NDU Munic...ijtsrd
This study was designed to investigate “The Impact of Child Abuse on Students’ Psychological Well being” in Ndu Municipality, North west Region of Cameroon. Specifically, the study seeks to investigate the impact of sexual, emotional abuse and child neglect on student’s psychological well being in secondary schools in Ndu Municipality. A mixed methods design was adopted for the study. Questionnaires for students and interview guide for teachers were used for the collection of data and a purposive sampling technique was used to select respondents. A sample of 150 students were selected and administered the questionnaire and 27 teachers were interviewed. Data was analyzed quantitatively with the aid of frequency count and percentages, hypothesis tested using Spearman Rho and Chi square. Qualitatively data was analysed using thematic analysis. Finally, findings were presented using frequency distribution tables and charts and inferential statistic was presented, 95 level of confidence interval with alpha at 0.05 levels accepting only 5 margin of errors. Findings affirmed the fact that there was a significant and positive relationship between sexual abuse and students’ psychological well being P=0.000 0.001, R=0.170 . Similarly, the findings equally revealed that there was a significant and positive relationship between emotional abuse and students’ psychological well being P=0.000 0.001, R=0.353 . Also, findings also showed that, there was a significant and positive relationship between child neglect and students’ psychological well being P=0.000 0.001, R=0.346 . The findings indicated that, child abuse has an impact on students’ psychological well being in Ndu Municipality. Based on the findings, some recommendations were made that government should ensure proper creation, implementation and dissemination of policies to address child abuse both in schools and homes. Also, parents should adopt positive values and show love towards their children in order to boost students’ psychological well being. Neba Vernat Neh | Lukong Evelyn Shulika "Child Abuse and Its Impact on Students’ Psychological Well-Being in NDU Municipality" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-6 , December 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd61212.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/61212/child-abuse-and-its-impact-on-students’-psychological-wellbeing-in-ndu-municipality/neba-vernat-neh
A Case Report Adjustment Reaction in School Childrenijtsrd
Adjustment is a built in way to deal with a problem or other life facts. Adjustments were taken as an indication of integration harmonious human behavior when another person in society sees the person being properly corrected. Adjustment begins from childhood. Adjustment is not as simple as adapting to a new environment or environment. It is actually a process of behavior in which humans and other animals maintain a balance between their various needs or between their needs and the barriers of their environment. Common problems in coping with stress, alcohol abuse, suicide Tried and Ended , drug abuse, bipolar affective disorder, violence, murder, rape, robbery, serious assault, child abuse, sexual abuse, phobia Social phobia , behavioral disorders and mental illness. Mr. Deepak | Ms. Neelima "A Case Report: Adjustment Reaction in School Children" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51937.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/other/51937/a-case-report-adjustment-reaction-in-school-children/mr-deepak
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Our journal has academic journals form a crucial nexus. Educators leverage the latest research findings to enrich their teaching methodologies, ensuring that students are exposed to the most current and relevant information. Simultaneously, these educators contribute to the body of knowledge through their own research, creating a perpetual cycle of growth.
https://ijaast.com/index.html
Our journal has open-access nature of IJAAST fosters global collaboration. Researchers from diverse geographical locations can engage with and build upon each other's work, transcending borders to collectively address the challenges and opportunities in agricultural science and technology.
https://jst.org.in/index.html
Our journal has serves as a beacon for scholars and practitioners alike, delving into the intricacies of next-generation technologies that promise to reshape the world. From artificial intelligence and renewable energy to advanced materials and beyond, we are at the forefront of engineering's evolution.
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Our journal has increasing flow of scholarly research articles finds a dedicated channel in IJAAST. By offering a consistent platform, the journal facilitates the seamless flow of knowledge, contributing to the intellectual growth of the agricultural science and technology community.
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Our journal has transcends traditional boundaries by embracing a multi-disciplinary approach. The journal serves as a melting pot for diverse research areas within agricultural science and technology, ensuring a holistic exploration of the subject.
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Our journal has foster a sense of community among researchers, scholars, and academics. They provide a space for intellectual exchange, allowing scholars to engage with each other's work, provide constructive feedback, and build upon existing knowledge.
https://ijaast.com/index.html
Our journal has we providing a robust platform for scholarly discourse, IJAAST contributes to the nurturing of future innovations. The journal's role in disseminating novel ideas, methodologies, and findings serves as a catalyst for pushing the boundaries of what is possible in agricultural research.
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Our journal has stands as a beacon of excellence in the realm of agricultural research. With its multi-disciplinary focus, commitment to peer-reviewed excellence, and open-access philosophy, IJAAST is not merely a journal; it is a dynamic hub driving the evolution of agricultural science and technology.
https://ijaast.com/index.html
Our journal has dynamic realm of agricultural science and technology, staying abreast of the latest research findings is crucial for professionals, scholars, and enthusiasts alike. IJAAST transcends traditional boundaries by embracing a multi-disciplinary approach.
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Our Journal has stand as pillars, providing a crucial medium for the advancement and dissemination of research results. This blog post explores the pivotal role these journals play in supporting high-level learning, teaching, and research.
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Our journal has a academic journals is the peer-review process. Before an article is published, it undergoes rigorous scrutiny by experts in the field. This ensures the quality and validity of the research, maintaining a high standard of academic integrity.
Our journal has a academic journals form a crucial nexus. Educators leverage the latest research findings to enrich their teaching methodologies, ensuring that students are exposed to the most current and relevant information. Simultaneously, these educators contribute to the body of knowledge through their own research, creating a perpetual cycle of growth.
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Our journal has academic and professional communities fosters collaboration and knowledge sharing. When all voices are heard and respected, it strengthens the collective capabilities of the statistical community.
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Our journal has academic journals are not mere repositories of information; they are dynamic entities that breathe life into the academic world. They provide a stage for the drama of ideas, where researchers, educators, and learners converge to push the boundaries of knowledge.
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mathematica journal
1. Journal of Science and Technology
ISSN: 2456-5660 Volume 7, Issue 02 (MAR-APR 2022)
www.jst.org.in DOI: https://doi.org/10.46243/jst.2022.v7.i02.pp254-269
Published by: Longman Publishers
www.jst.org.in P a g e 254 | 16
Socio-demographical variables effects on perceived parenting styles among
Adolescents—a demographical study in Andhra Pradesh.
Subhashini Akurathi (ICSSR) PDF*Department of Applied psychology. GITAM (Deemed to
be University) Visakhapatnam.-530045
Akurathipsy23@gmail.com
To Cite this Article
Subhashini Akurathi “Socio-demographical variables effects on perceived parenting styles among
Adolescents—a demographical study in Andhra Pradesh”, Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 07, Issue
02, Mar-April 2022.
Article Info
Received: 01-04-2022 Revised: 15-04-2022 Accepted: 20-04-2022 Published: 30-04-2022
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to find the effects of socio-demographic context on
perceived parenting styles among Adolescents—a demographical study in Andhra Pradesh.
The current study participant's sample number was 1208 adolescents of both genders within
the age range of 12 to 18 years, studying in 8th and 9th standard, SSC, and Intermediate of
English and Telugu medium schools those who belong to Rural and urban living population
with joint and nuclear family system in Andhra Pradesh.
Background of the study: The rural population is more homogenous in social, racial, and
psychological traits that negatively correlate with heterogeneity. (Most agriculturists are
directly connected with agriculture). More heterogeneous than rural. Urbanity and
heterogeneity are positively co-related (Different population types are seen in cities, places,
religions, caste, class, race, community, economic and cultural differences, occupations, and
behavioral patterns are also different). Family structure is in the form of two types. Nuclear
and joint families differ in the support each inherently offers, affecting adolescents' behavior.
Method: In the present study, the proportionate stratified random sampling method has been
followed to collect the data from the sample. A demographic survey gathered family structure
information and the number of disciplinary incidents from rural and urban living places for
middle adolescents in Andhra Pradesh. They also completed a parenting style tool that
measured adolescents' perceived parenting modes—R.L.Bharadwaj eight modes of parenting
styles. There was applied SPSS-21 to analyse the adolescents' perceived parenting styles on
2. Journal of Science and Technology
ISSN: 2456-5660 Volume 7, Issue 02 (MAR-APR 2022)
www.jst.org.in DOI: https://doi.org/10.46243/jst.2022.v7.i02.pp254-269
Published by: Longman Publishers
www.jst.org.in P a g e 255 | 16
study variables. The analysis was used based on objectives framed for the particular
hypotheses. t-test and way ANOVA was administered to test the hypotheses. The results
indicated a significant difference between rejection vs. acceptance neglect vs. indulgence
parenting styles among middle adolescents. The other results found that socioeconomic status
showed substantial differences in Middle adolescents' perceived parenting styles on rejection
vs. Acceptance, carelessness vs. Protection, and lenient standards vs. moralism parenting
styles.
The study found that adolescents from urban and rural semi-urban showed a significant
difference in lenient standards and moralism practices. Analysis revealed that adolescents
living with joint and nuclear families using a neglecting parenting style were less likely to
receive disciplinary incidents compared to adolescents living with joint family structure.
Previous research suggested that an authoritative parenting style tends to benefit adolescents
regardless of the family structure. Implications Present study results summarize that areas of
residence (Rural, Urban, and Semi-urban) showed significant differences in Andhra Pradesh
middle adolescents' perceived parenting styles. The study implies that nuclear family middle
adolescents perceiving parenting style significantly differed on neglecting a parent than joint
family respondents perceiving parenting style.
Keywords: Middle adolescents, Parenting style, Area of residence, family structure. Age,
Socioeconomic Status.
Introduction
The adolescent stage is operationally defined as the children from (12 to 19). Perceived
parenting styles can be defined as the children's opinions about their parent's behaviors
throughout their childhood (Anli & Karsli, 2010). Parenting style is an attitude expressed
toward the child through specific situations. Parenting style may be defined as a global set of
parenting practices. It is hypothesized that Adolescents are generally defined as human beings
with the manner of a standing extrude from formative years to maturity. In other words, the
adolescent is a boy or a woman who's present within the human improvement transitional
length from formative years to maturity between 12 and 19 years. As Mensah, Bruce, and
Greene (1998) positioned it, youth is a productive time of transition to adulthood, kind of
concurrent with the second decade of life. Other developmental psychologists describe youth
3. Journal of Science and Technology
ISSN: 2456-5660 Volume 7, Issue 02 (MAR-APR 2022)
www.jst.org.in DOI: https://doi.org/10.46243/jst.2022.v7.i02.pp254-269
Published by: Longman Publishers
www.jst.org.in P a g e 256 | 16
because the developmental length of change from formative years to early maturity entered
about 10 to twelve years of age and finished at 18 to 22 years of age (Santrock, 2003).
Adolescence, the transitional degree of improvement among formative years and maturity,
represents the length during which a person experiences various biological, social, and
psychological changes and encounters several Emotional issues (Udry, 1998). Physical
changes, cognitive improvement, and social improvement during identification formation in
adolescence improve. The individual can type thru and synthesize formative years' identities
and identifications to construct a possible pathway toward personal maturity (Kroger, 2004).
Even though developing a healthful identification makes one flexible, adaptive, and open to
adjustments in society, relationships, and careers, this stability does not hold throughout one's
life (Santrock, 2003) due to the fact identities are advanced in bits and pieces as we must make
selections repeatedly: whom to date, whether or not or now no longer to break up, and whether
or not to examine or play. The domestic is a critical component of adolescent psychology.
Home environment and family have a considerable effect on the developing minds of
teenagers, and these developments might also reach a climax for the duration of adolescence.
In most Ghanaian societies, adults expect the youth to have an emotional climate for parent-
child relationships (Williams et al., 2009). Socioeconomic status (SES) is an essential
determinant of an individual's health, nutritional status, mortality, and morbidity. They vary
from 42% and 26% in rural and urban India. They also differ based on the different committees
formed to examine the problem. There is a need to identify the beneficiaries who have
benefitted from the government programs/subsidies. One of the tools available to measure the
problem is the identification of the SES of the family by applying the SES scales.
A joint family consists of a family living under an identical roof, and conversely, a family unit
is simply a single family. There are some genuine differences between the two concepts, and
each system has merits and demerits of its own. On the opposite hand, joint families have been
a crucial faction of society since the genesis of humanity. Relations In the modern world, a
clan, is solely defined as an organization with a mother, father, and youngsters and a pet
(optional) being the fundamental constituents. The family, as described above, has specific
subsets, like live-in relations, dating individuals, individuals living alone, or living with their
pets. This idea is principally based upon the emotion of parental love and sibling bonding.
4. Journal of Science and Technology
ISSN: 2456-5660 Volume 7, Issue 02 (MAR-APR 2022)
www.jst.org.in DOI: https://doi.org/10.46243/jst.2022.v7.i02.pp254-269
Published by: Longman Publishers
www.jst.org.in P a g e 257 | 16
Hence, structural-functionalism (relationship mechanism) is simple, yet the psychology
involved becomes quite complex.In conclusion, family characteristics, namely family conflict,
strongly influence children's development and outcome. However, this needs the parents and
other parties to work hand to protect the adolescents from deviant behavior; These results are
supported by research conducted by Riany et al. (2016) found that children who live in areas
that still uphold their traditional (rural) cultural values will be required to obey their parents. If
they do not follow, they will suffer or get karma in the future due to their behavior.
Toslima Sultana Begum et al., (2018), Perception of parents and adolescents on parenting: A
sociocultural study. The study found that the mother and father perceived their parenting style
as authoritative, with the highest mean scores of 33.68 (SD= 5.68). Like their parents,
adolescents also perceived their parent's parenting as an authoritarian style, with the highest
mean score of 33.22(SD=5.4). There has been a non-significant difference shown between
urban and rural adolescents' perceptions of their parents' parenting styles. Urban and rural
parents also do not significantly differ in their perception of all four types of parenting styles,
i. e, authoritative, authoritarian, uninvolved, and permissive. Differences between adolescents
who live in urban areas and adolescents who live in rural areas are influenced by parenting.
Parenting patterns applied by parents to children during the developmental period will affect
the formation of their child's regulation of emotions and behaviors.
According to Santrock (in Nurkholida & Hakim, 2020), husband and wife have different family
parenting perspectives because other parents and cultures raise them. Video (in Wisnawati et
al., 2020) said two common and dominant parenting patterns found in societies in various
cultures: autonomy, which reflects authoritative parenting, and conformity, which reflects
authoritarian parenting. Aspects of aggressiveness (Magdalena, Hasanah & Rusilianti, 2016)
and the level of resilience (Sunarti, Islamia, Rochimah & Ulfa, 2018). This difference can also
be seen in how they dress. The approach that makes the child the center, high parental warmth,
structure, and support for parental autonomy are the main characteristics of authoritative
parenting.
Freudenthal (in Pasaribu, 2020) said that mobility is usually related to the dynamics of the
people's economy, society, culture, environment, and psychology. Urban communities live in
areas where most of the population works in the non-agricultural sector. Institutions in this
5. Journal of Science and Technology
ISSN: 2456-5660 Volume 7, Issue 02 (MAR-APR 2022)
www.jst.org.in DOI: https://doi.org/10.46243/jst.2022.v7.i02.pp254-269
Published by: Longman Publishers
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Area are very developed because of easy access to education and information so that
individualism becomes an understanding that tends to be embraced by urban communities.
According to Davis (in Jamaludin, 2015), urban districts have high social tolerance because
their social supervision is looser. Collective culture tends to be embraced by rural communities,
and this is because rural communities emphasize interdependent and harmonious relationships
between communities in their daily lives.
Pasaribu (2020) said that the relationship between communities would foster stereotypes that
shape the shared values and attitudes of the broader community. Taslima Sultana Begum,
Minoti Phukan, and Barsha Neog (2018) Perception of parents and adolescents on parenting:
A sociocultural study results revealed that No significant difference was observed between
urban and rural adolescents' perception of their parents' parenting style. Urban and rural parents
also do not significantly differ in their perception of all four parenting styles, I. e, authoritative,
authoritarian, uninvolved, and permissive.
Methodology
Sample Sizes of Public Schools / Junior College Children 732 Private Schools / Junior
Colleges 486. Subjects were selected from rural, urban, and semi-urban populations. Data
were collected from 2018–to 19 during regular school hours. Andhra Pradesh state is divided
into three regions. Rayalaseema, Coastal Andhra, and North Coast areas of Andhra. The sample
was collected from Chittoor, Rayalaseema district, Guntur from the coastal Andhra region,
Visakhapatnam, and Vijayanagaram from the northern coastal region from three regions.
Participants from the population of schools at two different levels of secondary and higher
secondary education.
Data collection:
The research design adopted for this study is the probability random sampling technique and
survey method. Adolescent students aged 14 – 17 years of teenage students in private and
government schools. The Sampling Technique selected a simple random sampling method
where 1216 students were administered a parenting styles scale.
Aim: To understand the socio-demographic context on perceived parenting styles among
Adolescents. A demographical study in Andhra Pradesh. Objectives of the Study
6. Journal of Science and Technology
ISSN: 2456-5660 Volume 7, Issue 02 (MAR-APR 2022)
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Published by: Longman Publishers
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Objective:
To find the descriptive results for adolescents' perceived parenting styles as on demographic
variables (Area of residence, family structure, Age, Socio economic status)
Hypotheses
1. There is a significant difference in Adolescents' perceived parenting styles as a function of
the Area of residence.
2. There is a significant difference in Adolescents' perceived parenting styles as a function of
the family structure.
3, there is a significant difference in parenting styles as a function of the age of the middle
adolescents.
4. There is a significant difference between the Respondent's parents' annual income and the
parenting styles they perceive
The design of the study
The present study adopted the survey design with a detailed and quantitative analysis using
survey research methods to achieve its objectives. The subjects of the present study are children
aged 14-18 years, tenth grade, inter first year and second year of various schools—method in
secondary and senior secondary schools and from urban and rural areas of Andhra Pradesh. In
the present study, the sampling method, namely stratified proportionate random sampling, was
used to obtain a more representative and unbiased sample from a less homogeneous population
consisting of different categories of schools. There have been select proportional models from
all types of schools/strata as children from other school sections differed widely on the study
variables. The method of choosing the children included in the sample is as follows.
Variables
Independent variables- Area of residence, Three groups (Rural, Urban, Semi-Urban) Second
independent variable for the present study included Family structure of two groups of
participants (Joint, Nuclear), the third demographic independent variable was Adolescents age
(Group 1:14 -15years: Group 15 -16 years: Group 3:16-17 years Group 4:17-18 years) and
annual parental income to assess the Socioeconomic Status.
The considered dependent variables for the present study were seven parenting styles rejection
vs. Acceptance, careless vs. Protection, neglect vs. indulgence, utopian expectation vs. realism,
lenient standard vs. moralism, freedom vs. discipline, false role expectation vs. realistic role
expectation.
Tool
7. Journal of Science and Technology
ISSN: 2456-5660 Volume 7, Issue 02 (MAR-APR 2022)
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Published by: Longman Publishers
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Scales of parenting styles the scale was developed by R.L.Bharadwaj et al. This scale has forty
items of parent rearing questions constructed to measure the seven parenting styles Mode of
parenting with 0.72 coefficient reliability and 0.75 validity. Scores compute on the Likert scale
five-point rating scale.
Procedure for Data Collection
There have been approached three area types (Rural, urban and semi-urban). Schools from
government and private who belong to joint and nuclear families have explained the purpose
and importance of the study after obtaining permission from the principal for collecting the
data. The desired participants were administered the parenting styles questionnaire. The
selected students for the study were assigned to rural, urban, and semi-urban groups.
Results and Discussion
Table-1: Detailed Statistical Results for Adolescents perceived Parenting Styles as on Area
of Residence.
*. P< 0.05 level, **. P<0.01
The above table shows the detailed statistical results for Lenient Standards vs. Moralism
Parenting in living areas. Urban area respondents (M = 1.2936, SD =. 45610) found slightly
higher scores than semi-urban residence respondents (M = 1.2664, SD = 0.44294) least scores
for Rural residence respondents (M = 1.2057, SD. = 40453). Calculated Mean Differences at
(f =5.089 **, P =. 006 <0.01). Hence null hypothesis was rejected, and the research hypothesis
accepted that there is a significant difference in Moralism versus Lenient Standards parenting
as a function of the Area of residence.
Table-2: ANOVA outcomes for Adolescents perceiving lenient standards versus moralism
parenting model as a function of Area of residence
Area of Residence N Mean Std. Deviation F- value p-value
EPM
Rural 632 1.2057 0.404
5.089** 0.006
Urban 327 1.2936 0.456
Semi urban 259 1.2664 0.442
8. Journal of Science and Technology
ISSN: 2456-5660 Volume 7, Issue 02 (MAR-APR 2022)
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Published by: Longman Publishers
www.jst.org.in P a g e 261 | 16
P <0.05 level, **.
The above table shows the analysis of variance for lenient standards vs. Moralism parenting as
a Function of the Area of residence. The participants were divided into three groups according
to their Area of Residence (Group 1: rural: Group 2: urban: Group 3 semi-urban). There was a
statistically significant difference at the p <. 05 levels in Lenient standards vs. Moralism for
the Area of Residence: F (2018) = (5.089** p =.006 <0.01). Besides reaching statistical
significance, the actual difference in mean scores between the groups was relatively moderate.
Post-hoc comparisons using the Tukey HSD test indicated that the mean score for Group 2 (M
= 1.2936, SD =.45610) was significantly different from Group 1 (M = 1.2057, SD =.
40453). There is a significant difference for lenient standards vs. Moralism Parenting style as
a function of Area of residence.
Table- 3.: Results of Group Statistics post hoc for adolescents perceived lenient standards
vs. Moralism Parenting Mode as a function of Area of residence
*.P< 0.05 level, **. P<0.01
Area of residence SS Def. MS F P
Between groups 1.857 2 0.929 5.089** 0.006
Within groups 221.694 1216 0.182
Total 223.551 1218
Parenting
mode
(I)Area
residence
(J) Area of
Residence
Mean Difference (I-
J)
Std.
Error
p-value
(E)Lenient
standards vs.
Moralism
Parenting
Mode
Urban Rural -0.087**
0.029 0.007
9. Journal of Science and Technology
ISSN: 2456-5660 Volume 7, Issue 02 (MAR-APR 2022)
www.jst.org.in DOI: https://doi.org/10.46243/jst.2022.v7.i02.pp254-269
Published by: Longman Publishers
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The above Table shows the post hoc for lenient standards vs. Moralism parenting as a Function
of the Area of residence. The participant was divided into three groups according to their Area
of Residence (Group 1: rural: Group 2: urban: Group 3 semi-urban). There was a statistically
significant difference at the p < .05 levels in Lenient standards vs. Moralism for the Area of
Residence: Mean Difference (I-J) (-.08788*) p = .007<0.01. Hence the null hypothesis
accepted that there would be a significant difference in parenting style as a function of the Area
of residence.
Table -4: Results of Independent sample t-test for lenient standard vs. Moralism parenting
as on area of residence among adolescents.
*. P< 0.05 level, **. P<0.01
The above shows the independent-samples t-test for lenient standards vs Moralism parenting
style as a function of Area of Residence. There was a significant difference in Lenient
standards (M =1.793, SD=0.796) and Moralism (M 1.662, SD= .797); t (1216) = 2.461 p
=.014<0.05 (two-tailed). The magnitude Mean difference among groups (-.23586 -.02663)
Hence there is a significant difference among lenient standards vs. moralism parenting style as
a function of Area of Residence.
Table-5: Results of Descriptive statistics for adolescents perceived Neglect versus indulgence
parenting as a function of the family structure
*. P< 0.05 level, **. P<0.01
Lenient standards Moralism
Area of
residence
M SD N M SD N 95%C.I t-value p-value def.
1.793 .796 923 1.66
2
.797 295 -.23586,-.02663 2.461* .014 1216
Parenting Mode
Family
structure
N Mean SD t-value P- value
(C) Neglect vs.
Indulgence
Parenting
Joint Family 353 1.284 0.45163
-2.246* 0.025
Nuclear Family 865 1.352 0.47860
10. Journal of Science and Technology
ISSN: 2456-5660 Volume 7, Issue 02 (MAR-APR 2022)
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The above table shows the independent sample t-test for (C) Neglect versus indulgence
parenting as a function of family structure. The nuclear family (M=1.3528, SD=.47860) is
higher than the Joint family (M = 1.2849, SD=0. 45163). The calculated mean differences were
(t=. 2.246*, P=. 025<0.05). The nuclear family significantly differs from the joint family as
on Neglect v's indulgence Parenting Styles.
Table-6: results of Independent sample t-test for Neglect v's Indulgence parenting as a
function of family structure
*. P< 0.05 level, **. P<0.01
The above table depicts that independent sampled t-test for parenting model as a function of
the family structure. It has been observed that a neglected parenting score (M = 1.7647, SD. =
424) is higher than that of Indulgence parenting (M = 1.703, SD = .457); t (1216) = 2.246, p =
.025 <0.05) (two-tail) is the average difference between size groups (. 0077.1141). Thus null
hypothesis accepted that there was neglecting parenting differs as on joint and nuclear family.
Table-7: Independent sample t-test for parenting styles as a function of student age.
*.p<0.05, **.p<0.01
The table above shows the independent-sampled t-test for Reject vs. Acceptable Parenting as
a function of student age. Rather than rejecting the parenting mode (M = 2.6927. SD = 0.983)
t (1216) = -1.748, p = 0 .018 (two-tail). The magnitude difference is in the group (.-0.22778,
Neglect Indulgence
Family
structure
M SD N M SD N 95%C.I t-value p-value Def.
1.764 0.424 850 1.703 0.457 3680.007,.114 2.246 0.025 1216
Independent
variable
rejecting parenting Acceptance
parenting
Student age
Mean SD N Mean SD N 95%C.I t-Value P-Value def.
2.6927 0.983 833 2.800 1.02266385 -0.22778.
.01313
-1.748* 0.018 1216
11. Journal of Science and Technology
ISSN: 2456-5660 Volume 7, Issue 02 (MAR-APR 2022)
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0.01313). This is significant at less than 0.05. Therefore there is a significant difference in the
Reject vs. Acceptance Parenting mode at the participating age groups.
Table-8: Post -hoc result for parenting styles as a function of student age.
*. P< 0.05 level, **. P< 0.01 level.
The above table depicted that the Interpretation means the difference between age groups.
Participants were divided into four groups according to age (Group 1:14 -15years: Group 15 -
16 years: Group 3:16-17 years Group 4:17-18 years). (A) Group 4 significantly differs from
group1 perceiving rejection vs. Acceptance at (I-J= -0.22517*, p<0.05 0.05) and Neglect vs.
indulgence parenting Mean Difference (I-J= -0.15007*, p<0.05). Results show that the 17-18
years age group differs from than 14-15 years age group as on perceived rejection vs.
Acceptance, Neglect vs. indulgence parenting.
Table -9: post hoc results for parenting mode as a function of parental annual income
Dependent
Variable (I) Age (J)Age
Mean Difference
(I-J) Std. Error p-value
Rejection vs.
acceptance
17-18
years
14 -15
years
-0.22517*
.08191 .048
Neglect vs.
indulgence
17-18
years
14 -15
years
-0.15007*
0.5162 0.030
Parenting, SES Sum of
Squares
Def. Mean Square F P-Value
APM
Between
Groups
1.310 2 .655 3.038 .048
Within Groups 261.994 1215 .216
Total 263.305 1217
BPM
Between
Groups
1.209 2 .604 3.775 .023
Within Groups 194.510 1215 .160
Total 195.718 1217
EPM
Between
Groups
1.202 2 .601 3.285 .038
Within Groups 222.349 1215 .183
Total 223.551 1217
12. Journal of Science and Technology
ISSN: 2456-5660 Volume 7, Issue 02 (MAR-APR 2022)
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*. P<0.05, **. P< 0.01.
The above table shows that scores of one-way between-groups analysis of variance were
conducted to explore the impact of parenting styles on socioeconomic status. Participants were
divided into three groups according to their Socioeconomic status (Group 1: Below one lakh:
Group 2: 1-5 lakh: Group 3:5 lakh and above). There was a statistically significant difference
for below one lakh group and 1-5 lakh group considerable difference at the p < .05 levels in
Rejecting v's Acceptance as a function of the Socioeconomic status group: F (2016) = 3.038, p
= .048<0.05. There was a statistically significant difference for the Below one lakh group and
1- 5 lakh group considerable difference at the p < .05 levels in Carelessness v's Protection,
Parenting for the Socioeconomic status group: F (2016) = 3.775, p =.023<0.05. There was a
statistically significant difference for below one lakh group and 1-5 lakh group with F (2016)
= 3.285, p =.. 038<0.05 level in Lenient standards vs. Moralism as a function of
Socioeconomic status. Besides reaching statistical significance, the actual difference in mean
scores between the groups was relatively moderate. Post-hoc comparisons using the Tukey
HSD test indicated that the mean score for Below one lakh SES Group scores (M=1.3293,
SD=.47020) was significantly different from Group 3(1-5 lakh and above) (M=1.2308, SD=.
42268) for Rejecting v's Acceptance as a function of the Socioeconomic status group: Besides
reaching statistical significance, the actual difference in mean scores between the groups was
relatively moderate. Post-hoc comparisons using the Tukey HSD test indicated that the mean
score for that 1-5 lakh SES Group scores (M=1.1346, SD=. 34241) differ from 5 lakh and
above Group (M = 1.2879, SD=.45624) for Carelessness v's Protection Parenting for the
Socioeconomic status group. Post- hoc comparisons using the Tukey HSD test indicated that
the mean score below one lakh Group (M = 1.2540, SD=.43553) differs from 5 lakh and
above SES Group scores (M=1.2576, SD=.44065) for Carelessness v's Protection Parenting for
the Socioeconomic status group. Hence the null hypothesis accepted that. There will be a
significant difference in the Group Mean scores on Parental annual income among adolescent
students on parenting styles.
Table-10: Post Hoc results for parenting mode as a function of parental annual income.
Dependent
Variable
(I) SES (J) SES Mean Difference
(I-J)
Std. Error p-value
Rejection vs.
acceptance
Below 1-
Lahk
1-5 lakh
.09855*
.03998 .037
Carelessness
vs. Protection
Below 1-
lakh
5 lakh
and
above
-.15326*
.05875 .025
13. Journal of Science and Technology
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*. P<0.05, **. P< 0.01.
Table-10 interpreting mean the difference between parenting annual income groups below one
lakh and one to five lakh group respondents perception on perceiving rejection vs. Acceptance,
Lenient standards vs. Moralism Mean Difference (I-J)= .09855, .09376*which is significant at
0.05 level and below one lakh and five lakh above group respondents perception on
Carelessness vs. Protection Mean Difference (I-J)=. -.15326*, which is significant at 0.05.
Hence there was a significant difference between below one lakh parenting style and one to
five lakh or above one lakh. The results indicated that Parenting Modes (rejecting parenting vs.
Acceptance parenting, Lenient standards vs. Moralism parenting style showed significant
differences in the source of economic status.
Table-11: Independent sample t-test for rejection vs. acceptance as on parental annual
income
*. P<0.05, **. P< 0.01.
The above table compares the rejection vs. acceptance parenting on the Respondent's parent's
annual income with a significant difference in the scores for parental rejection (M = 1.2521,
SD = .54493). SD = .52091); t (1216) = 1.495, p = .010 (two tails). Magnitude is the difference
between groups (-. 01548, 11449). This is significant at less than 0.05. Therefore a significant
difference in the Acceptance vs. rejection as a function of the parent's annual income. An
independent-sampled t-test was conducted to compare parenting with Lenient Standards vs.
Lenient
standards vs.
Moralism
Below
one lakh 1-5 lakh
.09376*
.03684 .030
Reject Acceptance
Parental
annual
income
M SD N M SD N 95%C.I t-value p-value
1.2521 .54493 833 1.202 .52091385 .01548,.11
449
1.495 .010
Lenient standards Moralism
Parental
annual
income
M SD N M SD N 95%C.I t-Value P-Value
1.2481 .54133923 1.200 .525 295 .11864,
-.02243
5.102* .024
14. Journal of Science and Technology
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Moralism on parents' annual income performance. There are a significant difference in the
moralism Parenting (M = 1.2481, SD =. 54133) scores. M = 1.2000, SD =. 52554); t - value
(1216) = 5.104, p =. 024 (two tail) Magnitude means difference in group. (C.I=11864, -. 02243,
p< 0.05).
Findings of the present study
The present study found that Nuclear family respondents perceived Neglect of parents
significantly different from joint family respondents' perceived indulgence parenting style.
Gupta et al. (2008) reported that social isolation and reward for the nuclear family contribute
considerably to the emotional maturity of female adolescents. While protectiveness and
permissiveness for the joint family contribute significantly to the emotional maturity of female
adolescents, similar findings were observed in the present study. The other results of the present
study showed a significant difference between urban and rural living adolescent respondents'
perceived lenient standards and moralistic parenting styles. Urban participants demonstrated
substantial differences in lenient standards practices from their parents due to urbanization.
There is, therefore, a significant difference between lenient standards versus moralism
parenting on the socioeconomic status. Hence the null hypothesis accepted that Parental annual
income could vary significantly in perception scores among adolescent students' Acceptance
vs. rejection and lenient standards vs. moralism parenting styles.
Some more findings from the present study revealed that Parental below 1 lakh annual income
group students perceiving lenient standard parenting style and carelessness vs. protection
parenting styles found significantly different from other yearly income groups. (S Kaur, S
Verma2015) the study suggested lower socioeconomic status family backgrounds and whose
own parents were controlling, restrictive, and overprotective (Horwood et al. 2007). In contrast,
middle-income parents show more warmth and indulgence (Singh &Khokhar 2005). National
Research Council (1993) revealed that children whose fathers are unemployed or work part-
time are more likely to be neglected than children of fathers with full-time jobs.
Those in the lowest income groups have 2 or 3 times greater rates of Neglect parental behavior
than an upper-income group of families because people with poor economic backgrounds tend
to have large families. Consequently, children in these families are deprived of basic minimum
facilities and adequate nutrition, education, health services and care, and a loving environment.
15. Journal of Science and Technology
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Due to economic constraints, they are brought up in hostile and unhealthy environments and
are usually a target for parental stress.
Conclusions: The present study concluded that the Area of living affects various parenting
modes adopted by the parents. It depends on cultural variations and adaptation to the
environment. Urban adolescents perceived lenient standards of parenting style, and rural living
adolescent's perceived moralism parenting style from their parents. The other finding from the
present study concluded that indulgence in parenting from joint family structure and neglect in
parenting from nuclear family structure. Parental annual income could vary significantly in
perception scores among adolescent students' Acceptance vs. rejection and lenient standards
vs. moralism parenting styles.
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