Fitness for service, Failure Analysis, Materials Selection

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Putting Our Expertise to the Test
DNV GL capability in Materials, Corrosion and Flow
Assurance Service
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2. DNV GL ©
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Putting Our Expertise to The Test – DNV GL Global Laboratory
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DNV GL operates 18 laboratories across three continents,
offering a broad range of testing services.

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Global Insight, Local Expertise
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By combining advanced testing with technical expertise and industry standards, we help
customers to apply technology safely, efficiently and cost effectively.

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DNV GL Laboratory Service - CAPEX, OPEX, DECOM
 Services
 Consulting – fitness for service, materials
selection, design
 Research and testing
 NACE, API, ASTM, ISO, BS, etc.
 Customized tests
 Prototype development
 Root cause analysis, failure analysis and
forensic investigations
 Training, Workshops, Guidelines
Toolbox
 Laboratory Testing
 Simulations – OLI, FEA, COMSOl,
Multicorp, SPPS
 Network – MTI, API, NACE, NSF
 Global Experience
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Corrosion Study Services
Corrosion
 Flow Induced Corrosion Study
• Flow Loop
• Rotating Cylinder Experiments
• Rotating Cage Experiments
 Stress Corrosion Cracking Study
 Sulfide Stress Cracking Study
 Galvanic Corrosion Study
• Sacrificial Anode
 Localized Corrosion Evaluation
• Pitting
• Crevice
• Coating Evaluation
• Environmental Exposure Study
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Corrosion Testing – Tool Box
Our global facilities are equipped to study corrosion under user-specified/standard
conditions using a variety of methodologies:
 Electrochemical Testing Capability
• Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR)
• Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)
• Electrochemical Noise (EN)
• Galvanic Currents (Weld Testing)
• Potentiodynamic Polarization Studies
 Autoclave Testing for HPHT applications
• General Exposure Studies under static and dynamic conditions.
• Real time corrosion monitoring using electrochemical methods in static conditions
 Flow Loop Studies
 Spool Test Studies
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Flow-Induced Corrosion Study:
Large Scale Multiphase Flow Loop
 4-inch Diameter Pipe Systems
– Operating pressure: up to 14 bars
– Operating temperature: RT -130C
– Superficial gas velocity: 0 – 18 m/s
– Superficial liquid velocity: 0.01 – 2.2 m/s
– Liquid viscosity range: 0.5 – 300 cP
– Solids capability
 Multiphase Flow Technologies
– Multiphase flow characteristics (flow
pattern study)
– Flow monitoring
– Flow improved (e.g. drag reducing agent)
– Corrosion and solids management
– Evaluation of corrosion inhibitors
– Material Selection
– Development of in-line separator
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Flow-Induced Corrosion:
Single Phase Flow Loops
 Two 1” ID flow loops
 Tank Size: 30 gallons
 316L Stainless steel
 Max Pressure: 300psi
 Max Temperature: 300F
 Max Liquid Viscosity: 100cP
 Flow Rate: 10 -120 GPM at 150psi
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Flow-Induced Corrosion:
Rotating Cylinder Electrode and Rotating Cage
 Rotating Cylinder Electrode (RCE)
– Specimen Geometry: Cylindrical
– 1 to 4 specimens per test (coupon holder
design)
– P/T limits: 3500 psi @ 350C
– Advantages
– Relatively low cost testing approach
– Well characterized hydrodynamic
conditions
– CO2 and CO2/H2S conditions simulated
– Electrochemical measurements could be
implemented to monitor real corrosion
rate.
 Rotating Cage (RC)
– Specimen Geometry: Flat (approx
4”x3”x1/16”)
– 4 to 8 specimens per test (hydrodynamics
will depend on number of specimens)
– P/T limits: 3500 psi @ 350C
– Advantages
– Relatively low cost approach
– CO2 and CO2/H2S conditions can be
simulated
– Disadvantages
– Potential edge effects not beneficial for
coating applications
– ASTM round robin results indicate very
significant dispersion results at well
known corrosive conditions
– Results indicate average performance
over testing time
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Flow-Induced Corrosion:
Rotating Cylinder Electrode and Rotating Cage
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Flow-Induced Corrosion:
CO2 corrosion and It’s Inhibition – Rotating Cage Autoclave
 Rotating Cage Autoclave (RCA) to evaluate inhibitors at high temperature and high
pressure.
 Weight loss measurement to determine inhibited corrosion rate.
 Rotating speed to simulate equivalent wall shear stress.
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Localized Corrosion: ASTM G61 Testing
Cyclic Potentiodynamic Polarization Critical Crevice Temperature Study
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Sour Service Studies
 Our labs are capable of running fracture toughness and fatigue studies in
a range of environments including HPHT Sour environment frequently
encountered in today’s O&G production. The studies include but are not
limited to
 SSC SCC Study – NACE MR0175/ISO 15156, NACE TM0169/ASTM G31, ASTM G111, NACE
TM00177, EFC 16, EFC 17, ASTM G38, ASTM G35, NACE TM0284, NACE TM0198
 Hydrogen Induced Cracking – NACE TM0248, OTI 95 635
 Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Study – ASTM E647, ASTM E1681
 S/N Fatigue Curve Determination – ASTM E399, ASTM E1380, BS7446, ASTM G148
 Slow Strain Rate Testing
 ECA & FFS – DNV OS-F101, DNV RP – F108
 Sour Electrochemistry – ASTM G3, ASTM G59
 Sour Inhibitor Evaluation – ASTM G170, ASTM G184, ASTM G185, ASTM G208
 Polymer & Lining Evaluation – NORSOK M-170, NACE TM0187, NACE TM0174, NACE
TM0185, NACE TM0183, NACE TM0192, NACE TM0296, NACE TM0297, NACE TM0298
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Custom Testing – Autoclave Exposure Testing
 Simulated environments for stressed/non-
stressed specimens
– Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC)
– Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC)
– Ammonia Cracking
– Aqueous corrosion at high temperature
and pressure
 NACE standard tests
– O&G Applications
 Customer specific
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15. DNV GL ©
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Custom Testing – Autoclaves Capability in Columbus, USA
 Hastelloy Autoclaves (38 vessels)
– Up to 19L volume
– Up to 10,000 psig MAOP
– 1 x 10L @ 10,000 psig vessel
– 9 x 5L @ 5,000 psig vessels with stirring
 Atlas Cells (C-276) – 6 vessels
– Coated Panel testing at up to 2800 psig
 Other Autoclaves (18 vessels)
– Stainless steel modules up to 22L
– PTFE lined carbon steel vessel – 32L
– 4 x 4-5L @5,000 psig
 Liquid Loading of H2S
 High pressure syringe pump and multiple
air-operated booster pumps to achieve high
pressures at high temperatures
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Custom Testing - Autoclave Capability in Singapore
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Sizes Test Capacity
1 x 5L C276 Autoclave 350DegC/300 Bar
4 x 15L 32760 Autoclaves 200DegC/100 Bar

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Computation Modelling Tools
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COMSOL modelling for hydrogen atom
distribution in a CT sample exposed to H2S
for 4 days
 OLI: Speciation and Corrosion Modelling
 COMSOL
• Multiphysics modelling
• CFD
• Structural Mechanics
• Chemical Reaction Engineering
• Electrochemistry
 Abaqus: Mechanical Modelling
 MARV: Bayesian Network based risk
assessment
 Multicorp: Corrosion rate calculations in
multiphase flow conditions (Ohio
University JIP member)
 SPPS: Erosion rate calculations in
multiphase flow conditions (University of
Tulsa JIP member

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Flow Assurance Services and Tools
 Wax Inhibition
• Wax Prediction using simulator codes
– Profes Wax, Tulsa University Wax
V4.0, Gas Vle, Multiflash
• Wax Properties Testing - Wax
content, MP, Pour point, oil content,
carbon number distribution
 Hydrate Inhibition
 Corrosion Inhibition
 Erosion – Corrosion
• Tulsa University JIP member - SPPS
software (erosion predictions)
• Ohio University JIP member –
Multicorp software (pipeline
corrosion predictions)
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Wax Formation
Hydrate Formation

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Analytical Facilities
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A comprehensive suite of analytical
facilities for detailed understanding of
materials and corrosion identification
studies and incident investigations
 Optical and electron microscopy
 SEM-EDX
 Infra-Red (IR) spectroscopy
 Raman Spectroscopy
 Fluorescence Spectroscopy
 Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA)
 Gas Chromatography
 GC- Mass Spectrometry
 Inductively coupled plasma mass
spectrometry (ICPMS)
 Diffusible Hydrogen Determinator
 Optical Emission Spectroscopy

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SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER
www.dnvgl.com
Thank You
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