Material handling involves the movement of materials and products within an organization. It aims to reduce costs, waste, and improve workflow, distribution, warehouse capacity, and worker safety. There are principles related to planning, equipment selection, and operations. Material handling systems can be categorized as equipment-oriented, load-oriented, production-oriented, or function-oriented. Common material handling equipment includes conveyor systems, overhead cranes, forklifts, tractors, and pallets. Positioning this equipment properly is important for effective material movement.

1. MATERIAL HANDLING

2. Definition of Material Handling
Material handling is an activity that involves movement of
material or products within an organization from one place
to another place or the flow of material or products to
vehicles or from vehicles. The activities are usually
confined within the boundaries of an organization. The
movement of material from one organization to another is
categorized as transportation work, which is not part of
material handling activities.

4. Objectives of Materials Handling
1. Reduced cost using a material handling
2. Reduced waste of material
3. Improved work condition
4. Enhanced distribution
5. Optimized warehouse capacity
6. Improved flow of material
7. Full equipment utilization
8. Workers’ safety

5. Principlesof Materials Handling
A.Principles Related to Planning
B.Principles Related to Equipment
C.Principles Related to Operation

6. A.PrinciplesRelatedto Planning
1. Planning Principle
2. Systems Principle
3. Simplification Principle
4. Material Flow Principle
5. Gravity Principle
6. Unit Size Principle
7. Space Utilisation Principle
8. Safety Principle

7. B. Principles Related to Equipment
1. Mechanisation Principle
2. Flexibility Principle
3. Equipment Selection Principle
4. Standardisation Principle
5. Light Weight Principle
6. Motion Principle
7. Idle-time Principle
8. Obsolescence Principle
9. Maintenance Principle

8. C. PrinciplesRelatedtoOperation
1.Control Principle
2.Capacity Principle
3.Performance Principle

9. Costs Included in Material Handling :
Materials handling includes following costs:
Materials handling cost = cost of handling +
cost of transportation + cost of packaging +
cost of space + cost of handling equipment
including operation, maintenance and
depreciation etc.

10. Activities of Materials Handling
1. Packaging and packing of raw material for the
industry.
2. Loading and transportation to the plant.
3. Unloading activities.
4. Receiving, storage and issue of material for
production.
5. In-process handling.
6. In-process storage.
7. Work-place handling.

11. Activities of Materials Handling
8. Infra-departmental handling.
9. Inter-departmental handling.
10. Intra plant handling.
11. Packaging.
12. Warehousing.
13. Packing.
14. Loading and transportation to
customers/distributors/dealers place.

12. Basic Materials Handling Systems

13. 1. Equipment Oriented Systems:
(a) Industrial Truck Systems: Platform trucks
and skids, fork trucks and pallets, and
tractor-trailers.
(b) Conveyor systems
(c) Overhead systems: Overhead cranes, and
monorails

14. 2. Material (Load) Oriented Systems:
(a) Unit handling system.
(b) Bulk handling systems: conveyors,
power shovels, scoops, cranes,
draglines, and construction
equipment.
(c) Liquid material handling systems.

15. 3. Method (Production) Oriented
Systems:
(a) Manual system.
(b) Mechanised or automated systems,
(c) Mass production handling systems.
(d) Job shop handling systems.

16. 4. Function Oriented Handling Systems:
(a) Transportation systems: For horizontal motion.
(b) Elevating systems: For vertical motion over
vertical or steeply inclined routes.
(c) Conveying systems: Horizontal, vertical or
combined motions.
(d) Transferring systems: Horizontal, inclined or
declined motions through the air.
(e) Self-loading systems: Intermittent motion with
machines that pick up, move and set down, i.e., unit
load systems.

36. POSITIONING MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENT

37. POSITIONING MATERIAL HANDLING
EQUIPMENT

42. PLASTIC PALLETS

43. WOODEN PALLETS

44. TYPES OF PALLETS

45. PALLETS MATERIAL HANDLING EQUIPMENT