The document discusses assembly line balancing and material handling. It covers the concept of assembly line balancing, including how to distribute tasks evenly across workstations to minimize idle time. It also covers the concept of material handling, the functions and principles of material handling including minimizing movement and using appropriate equipment. Finally, it discusses different types of material handling equipment and factors to consider when selecting equipment.

1. Industrial
Engineering
Unit 1-Chapter 06
Assembly line Balancing
&
Material Handeling and Equipments
By –Anwer Ahmed
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2. Chapter Index
S.No. Reference No. Particulars Slide From-To
1 Learning Objective 3
2 Topic1 Assembly line Balancing 4-5
3 Topic 2 Concept of material handling 6
4 Topic 3 Functions and Principle of material
handling
7-9
5 Topic 4 Types of material handling system. 10-14
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3. Learning Objective
 Concept of Assembly line Balancing
 Explain the concept of Material Handling.
 Discuss function and principal of Material Handling.
 Selection of Material Handling equipment.
 Types of Material Handling equipment.
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4. Assembly line Balancing
 LineBalancing: Line balancing means balancing the line
 The main objective of line balancing is to distribute tasks evenly over the
work stations so that idle time of men and machines is minimized
5 unit/min 10 unit/min 15unit/min
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A B C

5.  Since A has minimum i.e. of processing only 5 piece per unit time naturally, work
station (or machine) B will remain idle for 50% of its time and machine C for 66.6% of
its time.
 It shows that the line is unbalanced.
To make the line balance we adopt a method.
5 X 3 = 15 10 X 2 = 20
(3 machines of type A) (2 of type B ) (With every m/c of type C)
 “Another approach to balance the line will be to give some other task to machines B and C so
that they do not remain idle.”
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A B C

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 Heuristic Method of Line Balancing: The heuristic method involves drawing a
precedence diagram in a particular way which indicates the flexibility
available for transferring laterally from one column to another to arrive at the
most promising balance.
The heuristic approach involves following procedural steps :
1. Identity the work (job).
2. Break down the work into elemental tasks or steps. For example, drilling a
hole is a step or elemental task.
3. List the various steps as under (An example)
4. Sketch the precedence diagram and marks the task duration.

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Steps or
Elemental task
Immediate predecessor Duration of task(min)
1 - 3
2 - 4
3 1 2
4 2 5
5 3 4
6 5 8
7 4 2
8 6 4
9 7,8 6

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11. Concept of Material Handling
 Material handling involves the movements of materials, manually or
mechanically in batches or one item at a time within the plant. The
movement may horizontal. vertical or the combination of horizontal and
vertical.
 Material handling emphasizes upon the need of installing efficient and safe
methods and equipments for material handling It has been found that 35 to
40% of the plant accidents are the results of bad methods of material
handling.
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12. Functions and Principle of material handling
Main functions of material handling section are :
 To choose production machinery and assist in plant layout so as to eliminate
as much as possible the need of material handling
 To choose most appropriate material handling equipment which is safe and
can fulfil material handling requirements at the minimum possible overall
cost
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13.  Principle of material handling
 Minimize the movements involved in a production operation
 Using the principles of containerization, unit load or palletimtion, aim at
moving optimum number of pieces in one unit.
 Minimize the distances moved, by adopting shortest routes.
 Employ mechanical aids in place of manual labour in order to speed up the
material movements.
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14.  Change in sequence of production operations may be suggested in
order to minimize back tracking and duplicate handling.
 Safe, standard, efficient, effective, appropriate, and proper sized
material handling equipment should be selected.
 Handling equipments arrangement should minimze distances moved
by and at the same time handling equipments should not interfere
with the production line.
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15. Types of material handling system.
 The following factors may be considered while selecting a material handling
equipment :
 Material to be moved.
 Plant buildings and layout
 Types of productions Machines
 Types of material flow pattern
 Type of productions
 Cost of material handling equipment
 Handling costs.
 Life of Equipments
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16. Characterstic of matererial handelinf
equipments.
 Material
I. Bulk
II. Packaged
 Movement
I. Vertical
II. Horizontal
III. Combined
 Supervision Required
I. Close
II. Little
III. Equip. are automatic or semi automatic
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17.  Path followed
I. Variable
II. Fixed
III. Either fixed or variable
 Speed
I. Variable
II. Fixed
III. Either fixed or variable
 Power required
I. Electrical
II. I.C Engine
III. Manuals
IV. Gravity
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18. Examples of some of the material
handelinf equipments
 Cranes
I. Over head
II. Jib
III. Grantry
 Hoist
I. Chain type
II. Pneumatic
III. Hydraulic
 Monorail
I. Trolley
II. Carriers
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19.  Conveyors
I. Belt
II. Roller gravity
III. Roller line
IV. Drag
V. Bucket
VI. Chain or cable
VII. Pipe Line
 Lift
 Trails
 Industrial Trucks.
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20. Refrences
 Industrial engineering and management- O.P. Khanna
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