Maslow's hierarchy of needs outlines 5 levels of human motivation: physical survival needs, safety and security needs, social belonging needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. Physical needs include food, water, sleep, and health. Safety needs involve security, stability, and freedom from threats. Social needs relate to friendship, family, and intimacy. Esteem needs comprise recognition, status, and achievement. Self-actualization involves personal growth and fulfilling one's potential.