Classic theories about motivation

1. MOTIVATION
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs
Physiological Needs
Safety and Security Needs
Belonging Neds
Esteem Needs
Self-
fulfilment
Needs

2. MOTIVATION
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs
•Physiological Needs – they are the most basic needs an individual has. They
include, at a minimum, a person’s requirement for food, home, the ability to
care for his/her family and children , and medical coverage.
•Safety and Security Needs – they include a person’s desire for security and
protection, most directly connected with short-term and long-term job security.
•Belonging Needs – they focus on the social aspects of work. As a human
being usually each individual has a need to belong to a social group and,
respectively, to be a part of a winning team.
•Esteem Needs – being a part of a social group/team, each individual has a
desire to master his/her work to demonstrate competence and
accomplishment, to build a reputation as an outstanding performer, hold a
position of prestige, receive public recognition, and feel self-esteem.
•Self-fulfillment Needs – reflect an individual’s desire to grow and develop to
his/her fullest potential.

3. MOTIVATION
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs
Motivators Organizational Tools for affecting the
motivation
Physiological,
Safety and security
needs
· Pay and Compensation system
· Benefits plan
· Pension plan and Social Security scheme
· Health Security scheme
· Lunch programs
· Medical and dental benefits, etc.
Belonging, Esteem
and Self-
fulfillment needs
· Work Teams
· Social Events (To-get-together meetings,
picnics, gatherings)
· Teambuilding training and events
· Autonomy and participation in decision
making
· Job challenge and Responsibilities
· Career development and growth

4. MOTIVATION
Stacey Adam’s Equity Theory
personal contribution A = others’ contribution A1
personal rewards B others’ rewards B1

5. MOTIVATION
EXPECTANCY THEORY
•Force (Motivation, pressure to perform an act) = Valence x Expectancy
•Valence is the anticipated satisfaction from an outcome.
•Expectancy is a momentary belief concerning the likelihood that a
particular act will be followed by a particular outcome.

6. MOTIVATION
Responsibility, not satisfaction, is the only
thing that will motivate. To perform, one has, in
fact, to be dissatisfied, to want to do better.
Peter Drucker