Mary Lagaay - What happens in the long term? A qualitative investigation into the long-term experiences of mothers who completed the "POCAR" intervention for Substance Misuse
Asking for, and getting help for child neglect:children, young people and par...BASPCAN
Brigid Daniel
Professor of Social Work
University of Stirling
with thanks to:
Cheryl Burgess, University of Stirling
Jane Scott, With Scotland
Julie Taylor, University of Edinburgh
and to Action for Children
Asking for, and getting help for child neglect:children, young people and par...BASPCAN
Brigid Daniel
Professor of Social Work
University of Stirling
with thanks to:
Cheryl Burgess, University of Stirling
Jane Scott, With Scotland
Julie Taylor, University of Edinburgh
and to Action for Children
The aims of Wisdom are to improve the wellbeing of young carers through communication, bring young carers together within one virtual space and provide young carers with the tools to help them take back some control of their own lives.
The aims of Wisdom are to improve the wellbeing of young carers through communication, bring young carers together within one virtual space and provide young carers with the tools to help them take back some control of their own lives.
A workshop on parental substance use and the impact on children and families, how social workers can support families while keeping the protection of children at the forefront; work with parents and the children, and in partnership across Child and Adult Care Social Work systems. Contributor: Aberlour
Resources for families, building protective factors and how communities can prevent child maltreatment.
Presented by Jim McKay, State Coordinator, Prevent Child Abuse WV
Promoting the well being of children in out of home care:BASPCAN
Involving children and parents in care planning and review.
Jonathan Dickens, Georgia Philip and Julie Young
Centre for Research on Children and Families
University of East Anglia
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Top 10 Best Ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups in India
Mary Lagaay - What happens in the long term. pocar
1. ‘Parenting Our Children, Addressing Risk’
The long-term experiences of women following
completion of the ‘POCAR’ intervention for
maternal substance misuse.
Mary Lagaay
5th
September 2013
2. Parenting Our Children, Addressing Risk
(‘POCAR’)
• Multi-agency intervention for substance misusing mothers
• Referrals from social services
• Intensive 16-week psychosocial programme
• Crèche available to enable access to services
• Between 2006-2011:
- 40% of mothers whose children were living in foster/kinship care had their children returned
to them following completion of POCAR
- 95% of mothers whose children were living at home at the start of the programme still had
their children living with them following completion of POCAR
3. Research questions
• How do women experience their recovery from substance misuse
following completion of the POCAR programme?
- What do they experience as barriers or challenges to sustaining
change in relation to their substance misuse, child protection and
parenting?
- What do they experience as helpful to their recovery?
4. Methodology
• Qualitative investigation: 9 semi-structured, face-to-face, depth interviews.
• Followed up a sample of mothers who completed the POCAR programme between approx. 1-3 years
ago, assessed as suitable to remain living with their children, or have them returned to their care.
• Aimed to recruit two groups of women with different long-term outcomes:
- Group 1: remained living with their children who no longer required a Child Protection Plan
- Group 2: no longer living with their children or children still required a Child Protection Plan
• Used topic guide containing open-ended questions related to long-term experiences of recovery, the
POCAR programme and Social Services.
• Participants identified using information recorded in client files and following discussions with staff at
the Brighton Oasis Project.
5. The final sample
• The final sample consisted of 9 mothers…
• 4 mothers who remained living with their children in the long term, whose
children no longer required a Child Protection Plan.
• 2 mothers who continued to live with their children, however, they continued to
require a Child Protection Plan.
• 3 mothers who did not live with their children in the long-term.
• Interviews recorded and transcribed, thematic analysis conducted.
6. The final sample
Name Substance
misuse
Child/children’s status at
start of POCAR
programme
(CPP = Child Protection
Plan)
Child/children’s status at end of
POCAR programme
Time since
completed
POCAR
(approx.)
Child/children’s status at point of long-term follow up
Julia Heroin,
crack
CPP in place, remained in
mothers care
Remained with mother
(CPP still in place)
3 years Remained with mother, CPP no longer required
Alice Alcohol,
cannabis
No CPP required,
remained in mothers care
Remained with mother 1 year Remained with mother
Danny Alcohol No CPP required,
remained in mothers care
Remained with mother 1.5 years Remained with mother
Lucy Alcohol CPP in place, removed
from mothers care, living
with father / aunt
Not returned to mothers care at end
of programme, but returned at a later
date following mothers attendance at
residential rehab
2.5 years Remained with mother, CPP no longer required
Bryony Heroin CPP in place, remained in
mothers care
Remained in mothers care
(CPP still in place)
1 year Remained in mothers care, CPP still in place
Sandra Alcohol,
cannabis
CPP in place, removed
from mothers care, living
in foster placement
Returned to mothers care
(CPP still in place)
1 year Remained in mothers care, CPP still in place
Katie Heroin CPP in place, removed
from mothers care, living
in foster placement
Not returned to mothers care at end
of programme, but plans for return in
place
1 year Never returned to mothers care: plans for reunification withdrawn
due to mother re-establishing a relationship with a violent partner.
Currently having supervised contact. Mother’s relationship with
partner now ended. Awaiting a final court hearing on whether child
will be returned to mothers care
Nancy Alcohol CPP in place, removed
from mothers care, living
with father
Returned to mothers care
(CPP still in place)
2 years Recently removed from mothers care due to the revelation of an
extended period of relapse, now living with father long-term,
contact with mother every other weekend.
Maria Alcohol CPP in place, removed
from mothers care, living
with father
Unsupervised contact / shared
custody agreed at end of programme.
2 years Child not currently having contact with mother following mothers
relapse during unsupervised contact. Currently living with father.
7. Ethics
• Details of local support services provided at the end of each interview.
• Full ethical clearance obtained from the Board of Trustees at Brighton Oasis
Project and the London School of Economics Ethics Committee prior to the
research taking place.
• Confidentiality and anonymity of participants was guaranteed (names
changed/identifying factors removed).
• All participants fully briefed on research aims and asked to sign an informed
consent form prior to research taking place.
8. Findings: contextual information
• A history of entrenched substance misuse.
• Multi-faceted, complex problems surrounding substance
misuse.
“Pre my daughter, lots and lots of drugs, lots and lots of alcohol, lots of
smoking, lots of self destructiveness, death, people dying on me, being
raped, being beaten up, just, things like that.” (Alice)
9. Motivation
• Fears of having children removed.
• Motherhood: a ‘window of opportunity’ / ‘turning point.’
Interviewer: What would you say motivated you [to attend]?
Alice: Umm, having my child taken away from me!
10. Relationships with services
• Initial relationship with Social Services challenging, feelings of
coercion into attending the programme.
Julia: I was made to come here my Social Services, because me and my
boyfriend was on heroin…it was only when Social Services made me
come here. But I wanted to come anyway, to keep my child. So it wasn’t
that they ‘made’ me come, but I had to come, it wasn’t a choice.
11. Relationships with services
• Avoidance of help due to fear of social services involvement.
Nancy: I guess, I could have asked for help beforehand, but, there’s that
whole Social Services thing, that they just don’t help, it’s just that
whole fear of ‘well, they’ll just take them away’ and so what’s the
point, so I’ll sort it out, I’ll sort it out, I’ll sort it out, you know.
12. Relationships with services
• Relationships with Social Services remain adversarial, despite
acceptance of why they had intervened.
Katie: Everyone’s on my side except for the social worker….I understand
because they are doing their job.
Danny: But he was really, really nice. Because I was like ‘ah social worker!
Oh no!’ But he was really, really supportive, and I didn’t feel that I was
sort of being threatened with anything at all. It was a pleasant surprise
really, a relief!
13. Relationships with services
• POCAR programme played a mediating role within the
interagency work taking place.
• ‘Policing’ aspect of social work buffered by an external agency.
Sandra: … the reason I carried on coming and not walking is because it
was the only place that, if I turned up three or four times a week, at
least people whose opinion would be respected by the Local Authority
would be able to say, at least on those occasions every week, she turned
up, she was sober, she was sensible, she engaged.
14. Identity and judgement
• Women-only space helpful to recovery.
Nancy: I liked the fact that it was all women…I think that if there had
been men, I would have found it really hard to open up, and I don’t
think I would have felt as safe, I definitely think the dynamic would
have been totally different.
15. Identity and judgement
• A strong awareness of the judgement of others and the stigma
attached to female substance misuse.
Danny: …it made me feel a complete failure, as a mother…It felt like
because I was a woman, I was being singled out, which in a way, made
it worse again.
Lucy: I felt everything. Embarrassment. Shame. Anger. That’s why
women don’t go for help.
16. Identity and judgement
• Damage qualification / damage acceptance.
Lucy:…my children were well taken care of, despite everything. You know,
they went to school every day, they were clean, they were fed, the house
was always clean…everything was normal... I mean people are on
drugs and they’re not taking of the kids, but it wasn’t like that.
Lucy: I feel sorry for him, and it makes me feel guilty. Because he’s the one
that’s seen all the shit over the years. He’s seen me drunk, he’s seen my
try to kill myself, he’s seen all sorts, he’s seen my arms cut up…he’s
seen all that. What can I do? You know, he throws it back in my face a
lot, and I say to him ‘I can’t change it, I can’t’ and I wish I could, for
him.
17. Structure, learning and strategy
• Continuing to have structure within their lives presented as an
important feature of long-term recovery.
• Continuing relationships with Brighton Oasis Project was an
important aspect of long-term recovery e.g. volunteering.
Katie: [volunteering] gives me something to do and I’ve got
structure in my life.
Lucy:…because if I do need someone to talk to. I’ve got people, cos I’m
here doing the volunteering… then you can, like, kind of slowly move
on.
18. Structure, learning and strategy
• Learning: incorporating strategies around relapse prevention
and parenting carried through and utilised into the longer term.
Julia: I did Triple P and it definitely helped, yeah, all that stuff about
setting and learning boundaries and stuff. Because I didn’t know about
being a Mum, and hearing other parents, like, and having key work to
talk about things that were hard. And I still use the Triple P stuff now,
especially the boundaries.
19. Social and cultural networks
• Substance misuse a major part of previous social and cultural
networks.
Julia: the other life, the drug life, with other users.
• Changing this key to long-term recovery.
• Networks often ‘recovery orientated’
Sandra: I built up new friends, some, just naturally straight people,
but quite a lot of people that are like me, some way down the
line.
20. Reintegration
• A desire to be ‘normal,’ get jobs or go to college to:
‘just lead a normal life’ / ‘be part of society again’
• Improved self-confidence and self-esteem continued to be a
barrier into the long-term.
• Reintegration hindered by: having a criminal record when
applying for jobs; lack of qualifications; economic difficulties;
wide availability of alcohol; problems with housing.
21. Limitations
• Trying to separate the experiences of mothers who did remain
with their children in the long-term with mothers who did not,
presented a challenge, as on a number of levels, both groups
reported similar experiences of the support, barriers and
challenges they faced.
• Would benefit from a larger sample / analysis alongside
quantitative data.
• The experiences of women who were not assessed as suitable
to care for their children may paint a very different picture.
22. Conclusions
• Endorses women only services.
• A complex blend of social, cultural, material and community resources
can support or hinder the recovery process for mothers who have
experienced a substance misuse problem.
• Value of multi-agency interventions and a specialist, holistic service for
women.
• Recovery from substance misuse is an individual, continuous journey.
• Recovery capital built and stimulated by POCAR programme.
• Interventions should offer a continuum of support.
23. Background
• Research highlights the widespread exposure of children
and young people to parental substance misuse
250,000 - 350,000 children under 16 have a parent with a serious
drug problem (Hidden Harm ACMD, 2003)
780,000 - 1.3 million children under the age of 16 live with parents
who misuse alcohol (PMSU, 2004).
• Correlation with a range of negative outcomes for children
• A common factor within child protection and care
proceedings
24. Background
• Evidence-base highlights the value of early, intensive, multi-disciplinary interventions
• Whilst evidence is promising, there is currently little available research into the long-term efficacy
of interventions, an important issue given the fragile nature of reunification between neglected
children and their parents
25. Research Aims
• To explore the long-term experiences of mothers
assessed as suitable to remain living with their
children or have them returned to their care
following completion of an intervention for
problematic drug or alcohol misuse.
• Used the POCAR (Parenting Our Children,
Addressing Risk) intervention programme at
Brighton Oasis Project as a case study.
26. Brighton Oasis Project
• Delivers services to women, children and young
people affected by drug and alcohol misuse in
Brighton and Hove:
women-only approach, recognising issues faced by
women who misuse substances and barriers accessing
treatment in male dominated services
Crèche for the children of all women accessing the
service, as lack of childcare a significant barrier to
women accessing treatment
27. A qualitative research strategy
• Allowed the opportunity for an exploratory, flexible, in-depth focus on women’s
experiences
• Fitted the research aim of understanding women’s experiences by providing the
opportunity to investigate ‘through their own eyes.’
• Allowed an emphasis on gaining contextual understanding of social behaviour and
on investigating recovery as a process: important for this research in terms of
understanding what might help/hinder such a process for mothers.
• Weakness: generalizability is not possible, as findings are only representative of the
experience of some women specific to the POCAR programme. However, generation
of theory from the findings could be built and a sampling frame could be developed
through further research, with the aim of achieving theoretical saturation allowing
for greater generalizability.
• In an ideal world: this would be a mixed methods strategy involving quantitative
analysis of variables and a control/comparison group alongside qualitative
investigation.
Editor's Notes
These measures were selected as an indication of whether mothers sustained the changes required for them to safely parent their children in the long-term, and allow for a basic comparison between the experiences of those who did, and those who did not, sustain change within their recovery. This research does not assume that whether or not children are living with their mothers is a direct measure of child wellbeing, as this would be another research question entirely. However, the variable of whether mothers remain living with their children is used as an indicator of whether changes based around their substance misuse and parenting are sustained, which could facilitate greater child wellbeing. It is acknowledged that other factors, unrelated to substance misuse may have lead to renewed / on-going child protection proceedings and this shall be considered within the analysis of this data. Upon reflection on this sample, it was hoped that a greater number of participants would be recruited, particularly amongst mothers who were no longer living with their children in the long-term, however it is acknowledged that this is a particularly difficult group to engage. It was apparent that for the mothers whose children still had a Child Protection Plan in the long-term, rather than this being a symbol of them being unable to sustain change, it was more to do with their more recent completion of programme. Whilst a more coherent/uniform sample would have made analysis simpler, it is felt that this sample at least reflects the heterogeneity and complexities surrounding every mother’s experiences/circumstances.