The document describes the Marshall Mix Design Method for designing bituminous pavement mixes. It discusses that the method involves compacting cylindrical specimens of asphalt mixtures and measuring their stability and flow properties under loading. Key steps include selecting aggregate gradations, determining optimum binder content, and testing compacted specimens for density, voids, stability, and flow to meet specifications. The document provides details on sample preparation, conducting analyses for properties like density and voids filled with bitumen, and determining the optimum binder content.
Use of Bitumen Emulsion for Flexible Road ConstructionIJERA Editor
In the present study bitumen is replaced by bitumen emulsion for the construction of flexible pavement. The conventional method of road construction involves the burning of bitumen which produces toxic gases which degrades the environment. In colder region it is difficult to maintain the paving temperature of hot mix. To overcome these problems and conserve the energy bitumen emulsion is considered as good option. Likewise emulsion can be used in the areas having higher rate of rainfall where the hot mix plant is closed most of the time because of rain. Emulsified bitumen can be used during rainy season and colder regions. To study the suitability of emulsion Marshal Test is carried out to find the stability value, flow value and optimum binder content. Experiments performed shows that bitumen emulsion (Cold Mix) have high stability value therefore it can be used as binder
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Use of Bitumen Emulsion for Flexible Road ConstructionIJERA Editor
In the present study bitumen is replaced by bitumen emulsion for the construction of flexible pavement. The conventional method of road construction involves the burning of bitumen which produces toxic gases which degrades the environment. In colder region it is difficult to maintain the paving temperature of hot mix. To overcome these problems and conserve the energy bitumen emulsion is considered as good option. Likewise emulsion can be used in the areas having higher rate of rainfall where the hot mix plant is closed most of the time because of rain. Emulsified bitumen can be used during rainy season and colder regions. To study the suitability of emulsion Marshal Test is carried out to find the stability value, flow value and optimum binder content. Experiments performed shows that bitumen emulsion (Cold Mix) have high stability value therefore it can be used as binder
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Effect of the use of crumb rubber in conventional bitumen on the marshall sta...eSAT Journals
Abstract In today’s era, solid waste management is the thrust area. Out of this various waste materials, plastic waste, tyre waste and municipal solid waste are of great concern. On the other side, the road traffic is increasing. The traffic intensity isalso increasing. The load bearing capacities of the road are to be increased. Our present work is helping to take care of both these aspects.Plastic waste, consisting of carry bags, cups, thermocoles, etc. can be used as a coating over aggregate and this coated stone can be used for road construction. Secondly the waste tires are powdered and the powder is blended with bitumen and this blend is used along with plastic coated aggregate. The mix polymer coated aggregate and tyre modified bitumen have shown higher strength. Use of this mix for road construction helps to use both plastics waste and tyre waste.Stone aggregate is coated with the molten waste plastics. The coating of plastics reduces the porosity, absorption of moisture and improves soundness.The polymer coated aggregate bitumen mix forms better material for flexible pavement construction as the mix shows higher Marshall Stability value and suitable Marshall Coefficient. Moreover the polymer coated aggregate helps to use Crumb rubber modified bitumen resulting in better result. Moreover the polymer coated aggregate helps to use Crumb rubber modified bitumen resulting in better result.Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen (CRMB) is hydrocarbon binder obtained through physical and chemical interaction of crumb rubber (produced by recycling of used tires) with bitumen and some specific additives. The Flextal range of CRMB offers binders which are stable and easy to handle with enhanced performances.( www.total.co.in)[1] Keywords:CRMB, Pavement, Bitumen, Crumb Rubber, and Marshall Stability Value
The Marshall stability and flow test provides the performance prediction measure for the Marshall mix design method. The stability portion of the test measures the maximum load supported by the test specimen at a loading rate of 50.8 mm/minute. Load is applied to the specimen till failure, and the maximum load is designated as stability. During the loading, an attached dial gauge measures the specimen's plastic flow (deformation) due to the loading. The flow value is recorded in 0.25 mm (0.01 inch) increments at the same time when the maximum load is recorded.
Tyre Rubber Modified Bitumen for Ashpalt Mixtureijtsrd
Every nation depends upon exports and imports of goods and services. These goods and services are majorly done by the road ways. The idea of utilizing of Crumb rubber and glass fiber to enhance the properties and pavement performance of the selected asphalt mixtures. Crumb rubber and glass fiber with an additive dosage rate of 0.1 of binder content and 0.5 of aggregate content and increasing the stability and workability of bituminous mix. In order to improve the stability i.e. bonding between aggregates and pavement and pavement performance of asphalt mixtures, two varieties of admixtures Crumb rubber and glass fiber were selected and then combined. A series of tests about pavement performance of base asphalt mixtures and asphalt mixtures with admixture of Crumb rubber or glass fiber were conducted. 0, 0.1 , 0.2 , 0.3 , 0.4 and 0.5 Crumb rubber were added into base asphalt mixtures according to quality to evaluate the pavement performance and 0.5 ,1.0 ,1.5 ,2.0 . and were added into base asphalt mixtures. The performance of asphalt mixtures modified with the optimum content of Crumb rubber and glass fiber were tested to evaluate the improvement of stability at high temperature and enhance the materials strength and fatigue characteristics of above mixtures. These results show that the stability and strength and pavement performance of asphalt mixtures improve obviously. The problem of improving the asphalt mixtures performance with a single admixture is solved, in addition to also improving other pavement performance. D. Vamsikrishna | K. V. Manikanta ""Tyre Rubber Modified Bitumen for Ashpalt Mixture"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25125.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/25125/tyre-rubber-modified-bitumen-for-ashpalt-mixture/d-vamsikrishna
Stabilization of pavement subgrade by using fly ash reinforced with geotextileeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Laboratory Investigation of Conventional Asphalt Mix Using Shell Thiopave for...IJERA Editor
The characteristic performance of asphalt pavement always depends on the properties of bitumen, volumetric properties of asphalt mixtures. Bitumen is visco– elastic material where the temperature and rate of load application have a great influence on its behavior. There are different solutions to reduce the pavement distress such as using Thiopave (binder extender and asphalt mixture modifier) in the mix design. Thiopave can significantly alter the performance properties of the mix and it is helpful to extend the life span of pavement. In this study, investigating use of thiopave and the change in the performance properties is dependent both on the percentage of virgin binder using VG-30 bitumen that is substituted with thiopave with different percentages. The study indicated that 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% replacement of binder was done with thiopave. The most notable impact of the addition of thiopave to a bituminous mixture is an increase in the stiffness of the mixture for better resistance to fatigue cracking and rutting. Thiopave materials can have a positive impact on laboratory mixture performance. The addition of thiopave has been shown to significantly increase Marshall Stability. From this study it is observed that thiopave can be utilized up to 30% to 40% as replacement to bitumen.
Effect of the use of crumb rubber in conventional bitumen on the marshall sta...eSAT Journals
Abstract In today’s era, solid waste management is the thrust area. Out of this various waste materials, plastic waste, tyre waste and municipal solid waste are of great concern. On the other side, the road traffic is increasing. The traffic intensity isalso increasing. The load bearing capacities of the road are to be increased. Our present work is helping to take care of both these aspects.Plastic waste, consisting of carry bags, cups, thermocoles, etc. can be used as a coating over aggregate and this coated stone can be used for road construction. Secondly the waste tires are powdered and the powder is blended with bitumen and this blend is used along with plastic coated aggregate. The mix polymer coated aggregate and tyre modified bitumen have shown higher strength. Use of this mix for road construction helps to use both plastics waste and tyre waste.Stone aggregate is coated with the molten waste plastics. The coating of plastics reduces the porosity, absorption of moisture and improves soundness.The polymer coated aggregate bitumen mix forms better material for flexible pavement construction as the mix shows higher Marshall Stability value and suitable Marshall Coefficient. Moreover the polymer coated aggregate helps to use Crumb rubber modified bitumen resulting in better result. Moreover the polymer coated aggregate helps to use Crumb rubber modified bitumen resulting in better result.Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen (CRMB) is hydrocarbon binder obtained through physical and chemical interaction of crumb rubber (produced by recycling of used tires) with bitumen and some specific additives. The Flextal range of CRMB offers binders which are stable and easy to handle with enhanced performances.( www.total.co.in)[1] Keywords:CRMB, Pavement, Bitumen, Crumb Rubber, and Marshall Stability Value
The Marshall stability and flow test provides the performance prediction measure for the Marshall mix design method. The stability portion of the test measures the maximum load supported by the test specimen at a loading rate of 50.8 mm/minute. Load is applied to the specimen till failure, and the maximum load is designated as stability. During the loading, an attached dial gauge measures the specimen's plastic flow (deformation) due to the loading. The flow value is recorded in 0.25 mm (0.01 inch) increments at the same time when the maximum load is recorded.
Tyre Rubber Modified Bitumen for Ashpalt Mixtureijtsrd
Every nation depends upon exports and imports of goods and services. These goods and services are majorly done by the road ways. The idea of utilizing of Crumb rubber and glass fiber to enhance the properties and pavement performance of the selected asphalt mixtures. Crumb rubber and glass fiber with an additive dosage rate of 0.1 of binder content and 0.5 of aggregate content and increasing the stability and workability of bituminous mix. In order to improve the stability i.e. bonding between aggregates and pavement and pavement performance of asphalt mixtures, two varieties of admixtures Crumb rubber and glass fiber were selected and then combined. A series of tests about pavement performance of base asphalt mixtures and asphalt mixtures with admixture of Crumb rubber or glass fiber were conducted. 0, 0.1 , 0.2 , 0.3 , 0.4 and 0.5 Crumb rubber were added into base asphalt mixtures according to quality to evaluate the pavement performance and 0.5 ,1.0 ,1.5 ,2.0 . and were added into base asphalt mixtures. The performance of asphalt mixtures modified with the optimum content of Crumb rubber and glass fiber were tested to evaluate the improvement of stability at high temperature and enhance the materials strength and fatigue characteristics of above mixtures. These results show that the stability and strength and pavement performance of asphalt mixtures improve obviously. The problem of improving the asphalt mixtures performance with a single admixture is solved, in addition to also improving other pavement performance. D. Vamsikrishna | K. V. Manikanta ""Tyre Rubber Modified Bitumen for Ashpalt Mixture"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25125.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/25125/tyre-rubber-modified-bitumen-for-ashpalt-mixture/d-vamsikrishna
Stabilization of pavement subgrade by using fly ash reinforced with geotextileeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Laboratory Investigation of Conventional Asphalt Mix Using Shell Thiopave for...IJERA Editor
The characteristic performance of asphalt pavement always depends on the properties of bitumen, volumetric properties of asphalt mixtures. Bitumen is visco– elastic material where the temperature and rate of load application have a great influence on its behavior. There are different solutions to reduce the pavement distress such as using Thiopave (binder extender and asphalt mixture modifier) in the mix design. Thiopave can significantly alter the performance properties of the mix and it is helpful to extend the life span of pavement. In this study, investigating use of thiopave and the change in the performance properties is dependent both on the percentage of virgin binder using VG-30 bitumen that is substituted with thiopave with different percentages. The study indicated that 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% replacement of binder was done with thiopave. The most notable impact of the addition of thiopave to a bituminous mixture is an increase in the stiffness of the mixture for better resistance to fatigue cracking and rutting. Thiopave materials can have a positive impact on laboratory mixture performance. The addition of thiopave has been shown to significantly increase Marshall Stability. From this study it is observed that thiopave can be utilized up to 30% to 40% as replacement to bitumen.
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
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• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
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• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
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Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
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Marshall mix design Method.pptx
1. Marshall Mix Design Method
Course No : CE-446
Course Title :Transportation Engineering -IV
Department of Civil Engineering
Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology
Submitted To : Dr. Mahmood Omar Imam
Submitted By :1201029,34,41,51,55
2. Introduction
Bituminous mixes are used in the surface layer of
road and airfield pavements. The mix is composed
usually of aggregate and asphalt cements. The design
of asphalt paving mix is largely a matter of selecting
and proportioning constituent materials to obtain the
desired properties in the finished pavement structure
Marshall Mix Design Method is one of the most popular
method for Bituminous Mix design in Developing world
Objectives
To develop an economical blend of aggregate and asphalt
that meet bituminous mix design requirements
3. Marshall Mix Design Method
In this method, the resistance to plastic deformation of a
compacted cylindrical specimen of bituminous mixture is
measured when the specimen is loaded diametrically at a
deformation rate of 50 mm per minute. There are two major
features of the Marshall method of mix design.
(i) density-voids analysis and
(ii) stability-flow tests.
The Marshall stability of the mix is defined as the
maximum load carried by the specimen at a standard test
temperature of 60°C. The flow value is the deformation that
the test specimen undergoes during loading upto the
maximum load. Flow is measured in 0.25 mm units. In this
test, an attempt is made to obtain optimum binder content
for the type of aggregate mix used .
4. Requirements for bituminous pavement mix
By ASTM
Mix Properties Heavy traffic Low traffic
Minimum stability ( kN at 600C) 9.0 3.4
Flow value (mm) 2 - 4 2 - 4
Compaction level (No. of blows
on each face of specimen)
75 50
Percent air voids 3 - 6 3 - 5
Percent voids filled with bitumen
(VFB)
65 - 75 75 - 85
5. Design steps
1. Select aggregate grading to be used
2. Determine the proportion of each aggregate size required
to produce the design grading.
3. Determine the specific gravity of the aggregate
combination and asphalt cement.
4. Prepare the trial specimens with different asphalt contents.
5. Determine the specific gravity of each compacted
specimen.
6. Perform stability tests on the specimens.
7. Calculate the % of voids, and % voids filled with Bitumen
in each specimen.
8. Select the optimum binder content from the data obtained.
8. Sample Preparation
The coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and the filler material is
proportioned so as to fulfill the requirements of the relevant IRC
standards. The required quantity of the mix is taken so as to
produce compacted bituminous mix specimens of thickness 63.5
mm approximately. 1100 gm of aggregates and filler are required
to produce the desired thickness. The aggregates are heated to a
temperature of 160° to 170°C ,the compaction mould assembly
and rammer are kept pre-heated to a temperature of 100°C to
145°C. The bitumen is heated to a temperature of 121°C to 138°C
and the required amount of first trial of bitumen is added to the
heated aggregate and thoroughly mixed. The mix is placed in a
mould and compacted with 75 number of blows specified on each
face of specimen at compaction temperature. The sample is taken
out of the mould after few hour using sample extractor.
9. Analysis Of Sample
a) Density Void Analysis
1. Bulk specific Gravity
Gb=(W.t. of Marshall sample in air/W.t of water replaced by marshall sample)
Gb=(1132/434.3)=2.61 gm/cm3
2.Theoretical Maximum specific Gravity
Gt={A/(A+D-E)}
A=mass of oven dry sample in air=1132 gm
D=mass of Beaker filled with water upto neck at 25°C=1550 gm
E= mass of Beaker filled with water and Marshall sample upto neck at
. 25° C = 2262 gm
Gt={1132/(1132+1550-2262)}
Gt=2.7 gm/cm3
10. Density Void Analysis
3. % air void
Va =100[1-(Gb/Gt)]
=100[1-(2.61/2.7)]
Va =3.33 %
4. %Volume of Bitumen
Vb=[Gb x (W4/G4)]
Gb= bulk density of Bitumen=2.61 gm/cm3
W4=% by w.t. of Bitumen in total mix=4.75%
G4=Specific gravity of Bitumen =1.02
Vb=[2.61x(4.75/1.02)]=12.15 %
11. Density Void Analysis
5. %VMA =%Void in mineral Aggregate =[Vb + Va]
=[12.15+3.3]%
VMA =15.45 %
6. %VFB=%Voids Filled With Bitumen
=[100 x(Vb/VMA)]
=[100 x(12.15/15.45)]
VFB=78.64 %
12. Stability Flow Analysis
b) Stability Flow Analysis
1.Stability Value of Marshall Sample
calibration Equation=(4.1963 X - 0.0797)kg
Stability=[(4.1963 x 240)- 0.0797] x {9.8 x (1/1000)}
=9.87 kN
2. Flow Value
Flow Value=( Dial reading x 0.25 )
=(7 x 0.25)
=1.75mm
14. Determination of optimum bitumen
content (OBC)
OBC = Bitumen content at (max. stability + max. density
+ avg. air void)/3
OR
OBC = Bitumen content at (max. stability + max. density
+ avg. air void + 80% VFA)/4
16. Discussion
Failure to determine Optimum Bitumen Content was
due to following reasons:
1. Determination of Specific gravity of Course agg.
,Fine agg. and filler material might be inaccurate
2. Waterbath time of samples were not exactly 30
minutes
3. Test after long time of sample preparation also
might had affected the test result
4. Test temperature was not maintained properly
17. References
Bureau of Indian Standards, Paving Bitumen
Specification (Third Revision) IS 73:2006, July
2006.
http://www.pavementinteractive.org/.
http://www.trb.org/NCHRP/NCHRP.asp