AEA's Kathryn Warren presents at an event hosted by Envirolink at the National Motorcycle Museum, Solihull.
This year’s Landfill Tax rise to £64 per tonne plus disposal charge means that sending waste to landfill is becoming an uneconomical option. In a climate where customers are looking to get the best deal possible on their waste disposal costs, recycling and waste companies are under pressure to find alternatives to landfill. Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF) or Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) offers a potential to utilise the combustible fraction of waste as a fuel within the energy, combined heat and power (CHP) and cement industries.
This event provided an introduction to SRF markets in the UK and Europe; testing standards and protocols; best practice refinement equipment; the perspectives of endusers and case study examples.
Kathryn's presentation looked at the "Market opportunities for waste derived fuels and process heat"
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www.bionic-world.net
English Version, August 2012
Presentation by Theresa Kotanchek, vice president for sustainable technologie...ajagger
Delivering a Sustainable Future Through Innovation - presentation by Theresa Kotanchek, vice president for sustainable
technologies and innovation sourcing, Dow Chemical
Bionic presentation describing exemplary the interaction between african biomass production and bionic's microfuel technology. Auguist 2012, English Version
The Bionic waste treatment systems Microfuel and Bio-Elite Fertilizer come together in an integrated waste management concept. The presentation shows how an unusual high level of energy and nutrient recovery from waste can be achieved.
www.bionic-world.net
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Delivering a Sustainable Future Through Innovation - presentation by Theresa Kotanchek, vice president for sustainable
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This session will explore climate vulnerability in the energy sector and the role weather/ climate data can play to increase resilience. This session is sponsored by Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP).
Our project invite any experienced private placement capacity to join us.
We are the best green energy project of the 21st Cycle!
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Renewable energy has a great future in the short term due to changing political and environmental landscape. Global warming is a reality the world cannot ignore but must actively contend with. Regenerating raw materials from plant-bound solar power is now an alternative to fossil energy. AVIS proprietary procedure of Biomass Liquefaction (Cold de-oiling= Conversion BML Procedure) allows the entire biomass & plastic to be used. The worldwide market demands for liquid fuels, such as heavy fuel, light fuel, diesel oil, and fuel for heat supplied from renewable resources, are now in serious competition with food production. Since AVIS waste management does not feed on food materials (corn, sugar, etc.) for its feedstock, its process and operations will not impact upon and compete with food production and demands. Simply what it does is to clean our planet from any household or light industry garbage.
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Impacts of Weather, Climate and Climate Change on the Electricity SectorESMAP
This session will explore climate vulnerability in the energy sector and the role weather/ climate data can play to increase resilience. This session is sponsored by Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP).
Our project invite any experienced private placement capacity to join us.
We are the best green energy project of the 21st Cycle!
Our technology clean our planet for our kids of tomorrow!
Renewable energy has a great future in the short term due to changing political and environmental landscape. Global warming is a reality the world cannot ignore but must actively contend with. Regenerating raw materials from plant-bound solar power is now an alternative to fossil energy. AVIS proprietary procedure of Biomass Liquefaction (Cold de-oiling= Conversion BML Procedure) allows the entire biomass & plastic to be used. The worldwide market demands for liquid fuels, such as heavy fuel, light fuel, diesel oil, and fuel for heat supplied from renewable resources, are now in serious competition with food production. Since AVIS waste management does not feed on food materials (corn, sugar, etc.) for its feedstock, its process and operations will not impact upon and compete with food production and demands. Simply what it does is to clean our planet from any household or light industry garbage.
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The Carbon Show is an annual event for sustainability professionals from industry, government, energy and finance who are working to increase energy efficiency and meet UK and European emissions targets. Oliver’s presentation will feature in the event’s green technology seminar programme.
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Enabling Industry to achieve decarbonisation targets with existing gas boilers, CHP, and natural gas infrastructure. Matching supply and demand with the Renewable Gas Forum. Ian Kilgallon, Innovation Manager & Business Development Manager, Gas Networks Ireland.
Diageo Case Studies; How Green Gas Certification works for Diageo in North America and how Green Gas could be an option for St. James’s Gate. Luis Antonio Rangel, Global Head of Commodities & Raw Materials, Diageo
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Dr. Adam Read – Director Waste Management & Resource Efficiency, AEA
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Scrap Ex – Secondary Commodities Markets Conference
13th November 2012
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Presentation to the Waste, Recycling Industry Association (QLD) inc
26th October 2012, Brisbane
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A presentation by AEA's Technical Director, David Lerpiniere, originally delivered at the International Solid Waste Association's annual conference in Florence, Italy (September 2012).
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Insight into the technical issues that local authorities should address when considering separate food waste collections. Presented by AEA's Brian Mayne at RWM with CIWM, September 2012.
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Welsh EfW policy - technology assessment of high thermal efficiency solutions.
Presented by Kathryn Warren, Senior Consultant, Waste Management & Resource Efficiency.
Presented at the Air & Waste Management Association’s 105th Annual Conference & Exhibition, San Antonio, June 19-22, 2012.
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Mechanical biological treatment - solution or hype?
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Effective public procurement saves money & protects the environment - lessons from the UK.
Presented by Adam Read, Waste Management & Resource Efficiency Practice Director.
Presented at the Air & Waste Management Association’s 105th Annual Conference & Exhibition, San Antonio, June 19-22, 2012.
Future goggles changes and challenges in waste and resourcesRicardo- AEA
Adam Read, AEA's Waste and Resource Efficiency Practice Director, presents his views on the changes & challenges in UK waste & resource management at the CIWM SW Centre 30 year celebration event (20th April 2012, Exeter).
AEA Solar PV market update at Ecobuild 2012Ricardo- AEA
AEA Renewable Energy Knowledge Leader, Colin McNaught, provides an insight into the UK Solar PV Market - presented at Ecobuild, London, 23 March, 2012.
MATHEMATICS BRIDGE COURSE (TEN DAYS PLANNER) (FOR CLASS XI STUDENTS GOING TO ...PinkySharma900491
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Market opportunities for waste derived fuels and process heat
1. Kathryn Warren
Senior Consultant
Waste Management & Resource
Efficiency 18th May 2012
AEA
SRF: Fuelling the Future
2. Agenda – all in 20 minutes!
+ A personal welcome
+ Setting the scene
+ Aims of our research
+ Methodology applied
+ Outcomes
+ What next?
2
3. A personal welcome
+ Senior Consultant @ AEA in Waste Management and
Resource Efficiency
+ Focus on
- waste derived fuel
- EfW
- waste procurement
+ Cardiff based
- UK/US remit
+ Delivering EfW and organics procurement support for a
number of private waste companies
3
7. Current Situation
+ Increasing landfill tax
+ Growth in MBT
+ Rise in SRF production
+ Zero waste policies
+ Financial melt down
7
8. The Energy Situation
+ Commitment to CO2 Reduction
+ Commitment to Renewable Energy
+ Ageing Nuclear Capacity
+ High gas and oil prices
+ Dwindling home production of oil and gas
+ Rising population
+ Equates to a potential Energy Crisis
- Extracting energy from waste seen to be a positive
contribution!
- EfW, Biogas, Solid Recovered Fuels
8
9. Setting the scene
Fuel inputs Energy outputs
How much waste derived fuel is
available?
How much process heat do we use
What are the current markets for in England?
for WDF in the UK
How does that compare with fuel
How much energy could we available?
recover from the UK waste stream
How could industry use WDFs?
What would be the economics of How would this work financially?
using more WDF?
What are the opportunities for
Fossil Fuel Displacement?
11. Review of Waste Derived Fuels
+ Top down approach:
- Overall arisings
- Potential WDF within overall arisings
- WDF included RDF/SRF, Waste wood, forestry residues and agricultural
residues
11
12. UK Waste arisings
Waste type Total (million tonnes)
MSW 31.5
C&I 67.3
C&D 101.0
Dry agricultural residues 13.3
Forestry residues 7.8
TOTAL 220.7
12
13. Potential WDF
Tonnes available Energy potential
Material
(Mt) (GJ)
RDF/SRF from MSW and C&I
11,482,884 125,880,748
(2015)
Waste Wood (2009) 2,200,000 33,000,000
Forestry Residues (2009) 1,987,000 18,677,800
Agricultural Residues (2009) 3,012,000 54,216,000
TOTAL 18,681,884 231,774,548
13
14. Current use of WDF - SRF
+ Estimated 800,000 already produced
+ A further 2.5 million tonnes from future MBT/MHT plants
+ Other than EfW, other predominant user is cement kilns
+ Finite capacity of cement kilns
+ Large quantities exported
14
15. Current use of WDF - wood
+ Markets for virgin untreated wood have increased, due to
expansion of biomass heating
+ Markets for waste wood not developed in the same way
+ Examples of WID compliant biomass plants, but most still
focussed on clean wood and biomass
+ Increasing exports of waste wood
15
16. Opportunities for fossil fuel displacement
+ Depends very much on energy conversion technology
+ Technologies are limited in the range of fuel types they can
accept
+ Fuel quality, properties and composition need to be
understood
+ Increasingly fuels are produced to a specification, as opposed
to mass burn
+ Unlikely that most raw materials would be suitable for direct
use in an energy recovery process
16
18. Overall Heat Demand
Sector GW Heat load
Industrial 13.7
Domestic 147.8
Commercial Offices 4.6
Government buildings 3.3
Education 3.3
Health 1.3
Others 20.7
Total (all Sectors) 194.7
18
19. WDF and Heat mapping
+ Mapped sites producing waste using GIS
+ Calculated energy resource at each site, using assumed CV of
waste type
+ Identified large single point heat loads
+ Sized potential EfW plants based on energy available and
heat demand
+ Selection of sites analysed further for feasibility and costs
19
22. Large Heat Users
+ 94% of waste sites mapped had point heat loads within 20
mile radius
+ Suitability refined to include only:
- Large and medium industrial sites
- Established district heating schemes
+ Total heat load of these sites estimated at 6.75 GWth
22
24. Matching suitable technology
Range of tonnage Size range of
Maturity of
Technology Type of waste used Technology
Technology
(tonnes/year) (MW)
Heat only plant Mature
500 – 100,000 0.25 – 70 MWth
(Combustion) technology
CHP (standard 15,000 tonnes Mature 1 MWe
steam cycle) upwards technology upwards
Gasification and
Development & 1 MWe
pyrolysis (Heat or 600 -100,000
Commercialisation upwards
CHP)
25. Reference sites chosen
Waste
Feedstock
Approximate
Scale Sector Plant Location Available
plant size (MW)
within 20 mile
radius.
Food
Small Heat only Y&H 1600 tonnes/yr 0.5 MWth
Manufacturing
Large Engineering Heat only SE 39,000 tonnes/yr 11.5 MWth
6.5 MWth / 2.5
Large Engineering CHP SE 39,000 tonnes/yr
MWe
CHP 7.5 MWth / 3.5
Large Chemicals NW 50,000 tonnes/yr
conversion MWe
26. Technical analysis results
Small Heat Large Heat Large CHP Large CHP
Only Only Conversion
Feedstock throughput 1,600 39,000 39,000 50,000
t/yr
Feedstock consumption 215 5,250 5,250 6,160
kg/hr
Equivalent WDF thermal 4,250 104,000 104,000 132,000
input
MWhth
Annual thermal output 3,400 83,200 46,800 59,400
MWhth
Annual electrical output 0 0 18,700 23,800
MWhe
Natural gas savings 380,300 9,286,400 5,223,600 9,953,000
Nm3/yr
Imported electricity 0 0 18,700 -4,200
savings
MWhe
27. Financial analysis results
Small Heat Large Heat Large CHP
£/year Only Only
Large CHP
Conversion
Total energy costs savings
£181,000 £4,420,000 £4,980,000 £4,930,000
Total income from
£46,900 £416,000 £318,000 £278,000
incentives
Additional O&M £28,400 £698,000 £965,000 £940,000
Total financial benefit
£199,500 £4,138,000 £4,333,000 £4,268,000
Simple payback years
6.4 5.7 7.2 6.0
Simple total financial
benefit
£2,710,000 £59,210,000 £55,260,000 £59,900,000
(20 years duration)
29. Project Development Barriers 1
Barrier Impact
Waste • Increased combustion requirements – i.e higher temperatures, correct
Incineration residence times
Directive • Requirement for flue gas treatment
• Requirement for flue gas monitoring equipment
Planning • Schemes will require planning permission
Permission • Higher requirement for an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
• Likelihood of public opposition
Permitting • A WID scheme will either be a Part A(1) scheme regulated by the
Requirements Environment Agency or a Part A(2) regulated by the Local Authority
• As the sites are importing waste – they will need to be compliant with
waste permitting elements
• Smaller sites may not currently require an environmental permit
Technology • There is a limited amount of technology available – particularly at
Availability smaller scales.
• Technically possible to have smaller plant, but at a cost
29
30. Project Development Barriers 2
Barrier Impact
Technology • The cost of the equipment particularly the flue gas treatment
Cost add significant cost (flue gas treatment c. £250,000 for smaller
schemes).
• Cost of this equipment is not linear – therefore making small
schemes expensive.
Operating • Cost associated with ongoing permitting/licensing
Costs • Ash disposal costs.
Site suitability • The site needs to have space to accept solid fuel, store in the
appropriate manner (controlling odour etc).
• On-site solutions only likely to be suitable for only larger
industrial sites
Feed stock • EfW schemes would have a life span of 20 – 25 years - there
supply risk needs to be reassurance that the feedstock will be available over
this period.
30
33. What actions are needed?
+ More work with regulators to progress end of waste status
for wider range of waste derived fuels?
+ Work with traditional fossil fuel users to explore
opportunities for using waste derived fuels
+ Support to waste processors to understand fuel
requirements?
+ Wider implementation of fuel standards?
+ WID – Why so expensive?
+ Learning from Europe and their use of WDFs?
+ Open debate and discussion ……
33
34. Any questions?
I’m here all day ….
Kathryn Warren
Senior Consultant
Waste Management & Resource Efficiency
07837 293929
Kathryn.warren@aeat.co.uk
www.aeat.co.uk
34
Editor's Notes
This needs updating at the end
Significant quantities of residual waste will remain, even after waste reduction and recycling has been taken into account. This could be processed in conventional EfW facilities, or processed further into SRF. Wood waste also represents a significant quantity of potential fuel, if poor segregation from mixed C&I and C&D waste can be overcome. Natural wood resources may also be a future energy source, as quantities remain after traditional uses are taken into account. Dry agricultural residues are also a potential, although have a wider range of traditional uses and are seasonally dependent.
Fuels need to be manufactured to a specification to enable the following benefits : Consistent properties that can be defined and used in contracts making the material a tradable commodity; Physical and biological stability that makes longer term storage possible and can even out imbalances between the constant supply of waste and the seasonal demand for energy; and An opportunity to manage the properties of the fuel to achieve optimum performance from the energy technology. Each combustion or ATT technology will have its own feedstock requirements, which will specify the CV, particle size, and moisture content. Manufacturers of WDF will need to understand and adhere to these feedstock requirements.
We have mapped 83 waste sites in total: 63 MBT/MRF sites; 7 Waste wood sites; 13 Clinical waste sites. 78 (94%) of the waste site mapped have point heat loads within a 20 mile radius. 263 potential heat customers were identified with total heat load of about 7.9GW Considering which sites would be able to accommodate EfW plant, we limited this to large and medium industrial sites and established district heating schemes. The total heat load of the sites in these three categories amounts to approximately 6.75 GW th of capacity, representing 170 individual sites, excluding any double counting
A scoring and suitability assessment was applied to the different industrial sectors. This included factors such as grade of heat and site compatibility A range of sites were selected to model the potential viability of importing WDF to displace existing fossil fuel usage. Three possible options were considered: Sites only suitable for heat only boilers Sites suitable for CHP and/or heat only boilers Sites already with gas fired CHP but which can convert to EfW CHP