This document presents a marker detection algorithm for augmented reality applications in science textbooks. It discusses what augmented reality and markers are, and describes a 7-step marker detection algorithm to efficiently detect markers that may be partially occluded. The algorithm is implemented using Vuforia and Unity for augmented reality and 3DS Max for 3D models. Examples of using the algorithm to detect water and carbon dioxide molecule markers in an 8th standard science textbook are provided. Benefits of augmented reality in education are also outlined.

1. MARKER DETECTION
ALGORITHM FOR AUGMENTED
REALITY APPLICATIONS FOR
SCIENCE TEXTBOOKS
Presented By:
Arshiya Sayyed
Seminar Guide
Prof. Sushila Shelke

2. MARKER DETECTION ALGORITHM
FOR AUGMENTED REALITY
APPLICATIONS FOR SCIENCE
TEXTBOOK

3. What is Augmented Reality?
 Indirect view of real world
 Augmented by a computer generated graphic, video, image,
object etc

4. TECHNIQUES:
MARKER BASED
MARKER LESS
Inspecting a virtual bunny on top of the user’s
hand from different viewing angles.

5. MARKER DETECTION
ALGORITHM FOR AUGMENTED
REALITY APPLICATIONS FOR
SCIENCE TEXTBOOK

6. WHAT IS A MARKER?
•ANY IMAGETHAT CAN BE DETECTED BY THE
CAMERA
•SHOULD HAVE DISTINCT FEATURES AND
PATTERNS

7. MARKER DETECTION
ALGORITHM
 ALGORITHMTO DETECT THE
MARKER.
 SHOULD BE EFFICIENT.

8. MARKER DETECTION
ALGORITHM FOR
AUGMENTED REALITY
APPLICATIONS FOR
SCIENCETEXTBOOK

9. Why Use Augmented Reality In
Education?
• Simplify concepts
• Enhance learning
• Ease and efficiency
• Less cost
• Can be employed in rural areas
• Make learning fun
• Introduce students to technology

11. STEP 1 : DIVIDE THE IMAGE IN
REGIONS

12. STEP 2 : DETECT EDGELS IN THE
REGION

13. STEP 3 : FIND SEGMENTS IN THE
REGION

14. STEP 4 : MERGE SEGMENTS INTO
LINES

15. STEP 5 : EXTEND LINES ALONG
EDGES

16. STEP 6 : KEEP LINES WITH
CORNERS

17. STEP 7 : FIND MARKERS

18. Disadvantages overcome by this
algorithm
 Speed of detection
 Detection of markers having an edge or
corner (partial) occluded.
 Performance under changing or not
homogeneous lightning conditions.

19. Applications
 MANUFACTURING
 ENTERTAINMENT
 MEDICAL
 EDUCATION
 AERONAUTICAL
 DEFENSE
 AND MANY MORE

20. IMPLEMENTATION

21. PLATFORM DETAILS
 PLATFORM FOR AUGMENTED
REALITY
◦ VUFORIA-UNITY 5.1.f1
• PLATFORM USED FOR 3D MODELS
◦ 3DS MAX 2014

22. Example From 8th Standard General
Science Textbook

23. MARKER FOR H20

24. MARKER FOR CO2

25. 3D MAXVIEW OF CARBON
ATOM

26. Future Scope
 INCORPORATED IN SCHOOLS AS A
PART OF DIGITAL INDIA INITIATIVE
 CAN BE USED FOR RESSEARCH
PURPOSES

27. References
•Martin Hirzer,” Marker Detection for Augmented Reality
Applications”, Inst. for Computer Graphics and Vision Graz
University of Technology,2008,Austria
•Ronald T. Azuma," A Survey of Augmented Reality",
Hughes Research Laboratories,1997, Malibu, CA 90265
•Hannes Kaufmann," Collaborative Augmented Reality in
Education", Institute of Software Technology and
Interactive Systems Vienna University of Technology,2003,
1040 Wien, Austria
•Mr.Raviraj.S.Patkar, "Marker Based Augmented Reality
Using Android OS", International Journal of Advanced
Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering,
2013,India