Fight against illicit traffic of cultural property in South-East Europe.
Gaziantep, Turkey, 19-21 November 2012.
Link: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/venice/about-this-office/single-view/news/building_capacities_for_the_fight_against_the_illicit_trafficking_of_cultural_property_
in_south_east_europe/
UNIDROIT - International law on the protection of cultural property. The 1995...UNESCO Venice Office
FIGHTING AGAINST THE ILLICIT TRAFFICKING OF CULTURAL PROPERTY
Cross-border training workshop for relevant authorities of
Montenegro and Serbia
Rome (Italy), 20-24 November 2017
International Law on the Protection of Cultural Heritage: UNIDROIT 1995 Conve...UNESCO Venice Office
FIGHTING AGAINST THE ILLICIT TRAFFICKING OF CULTURAL PROPERTY
Cross-border training workshop for authorities from the Republic of Moldova and Romania
Rome, Italy, 12-16 November 2018
Monday, 12 November
Return and Restitution of Cultural property. International Cooperation, Tools...UNESCO Venice Office
FIGHTING AGAINST THE ILLICIT TRAFFICKING OF CULTURAL PROPERTY
Cross-border training workshop for authorities from the Republic of Moldova and Romania
Rome, Italy, 12-16 November 2018
Monday, 12 November
Ad hoc Tribunals in International Criminal Law.pptxMasoud Zamani
Exploring the Enduring Impact of ICTY and ICTR on International Criminal Law
In this SlideShare presentation, delve into a comprehensive examination of the enduring legacies left by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) in the realm of international criminal law. Gain insights into their pivotal contributions, landmark cases, and their role in shaping the future of global justice
UNODC - Criminal Justice Responses to Illicit Trafficking in Cultural Propert...UNESCO Venice Office
FIGHTING AGAINST THE ILLICIT TRAFFICKING OF CULTURAL PROPERTY
Cross-border training workshop for relevant authorities of
Montenegro and Serbia
Rome (Italy), 20-24 November 2017
Introduction to International Trade Law
What is the GATT?
Historical background of the WTO: from GATT to WTO
Primary goals of GATT
The system of GATT
GATT 1994’s Major Principles
Special rules to GATT
World Trade Organization (WTO)
Purpose of (WTO)
Main Functions of (WTO)
Objectives of (WTO):
Main Activities of WTO
What is International Trade Law?
UNIDROIT - International law on the protection of cultural property. The 1995...UNESCO Venice Office
FIGHTING AGAINST THE ILLICIT TRAFFICKING OF CULTURAL PROPERTY
Cross-border training workshop for relevant authorities of
Montenegro and Serbia
Rome (Italy), 20-24 November 2017
International Law on the Protection of Cultural Heritage: UNIDROIT 1995 Conve...UNESCO Venice Office
FIGHTING AGAINST THE ILLICIT TRAFFICKING OF CULTURAL PROPERTY
Cross-border training workshop for authorities from the Republic of Moldova and Romania
Rome, Italy, 12-16 November 2018
Monday, 12 November
Return and Restitution of Cultural property. International Cooperation, Tools...UNESCO Venice Office
FIGHTING AGAINST THE ILLICIT TRAFFICKING OF CULTURAL PROPERTY
Cross-border training workshop for authorities from the Republic of Moldova and Romania
Rome, Italy, 12-16 November 2018
Monday, 12 November
Ad hoc Tribunals in International Criminal Law.pptxMasoud Zamani
Exploring the Enduring Impact of ICTY and ICTR on International Criminal Law
In this SlideShare presentation, delve into a comprehensive examination of the enduring legacies left by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) in the realm of international criminal law. Gain insights into their pivotal contributions, landmark cases, and their role in shaping the future of global justice
UNODC - Criminal Justice Responses to Illicit Trafficking in Cultural Propert...UNESCO Venice Office
FIGHTING AGAINST THE ILLICIT TRAFFICKING OF CULTURAL PROPERTY
Cross-border training workshop for relevant authorities of
Montenegro and Serbia
Rome (Italy), 20-24 November 2017
Introduction to International Trade Law
What is the GATT?
Historical background of the WTO: from GATT to WTO
Primary goals of GATT
The system of GATT
GATT 1994’s Major Principles
Special rules to GATT
World Trade Organization (WTO)
Purpose of (WTO)
Main Functions of (WTO)
Objectives of (WTO):
Main Activities of WTO
What is International Trade Law?
Hague conventions of 1899 and 1907 are a series of international treaties and declarations negotiated at two international peace conferences at The Hague in the Netherland.
Hague Convention is the first formal statement of the laws of war and war crimes that can be applied to the whole world as international law.
Implementing the 1954 Hague Convention: protecting Cultural PropertyCILIP
Blue Shield UK forms one of the many national NGO’s under Blue Shield International, created out of and underpinned by the Hague Convention of 1954. This presentation bu UK Blue Shield Trustee Suzanna Joy from the CILIP Conference outlines the role UK Blue Shield has working with Galleries, Libraries, Archives, Museums, Monuments and Sites to promote resilience and recovery of cultural property during times of natural disaster and conflict.
UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION AGAINST TORTURE.pptxAnjana S Kumar
The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment / Torture Convention / UNCAT
It is an international human rights treaty, under the review of the United Nations. Adopted on 10 Dec 1984
PURPOSE OF THE CONVENTION
To prevent and eradicate the use of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and to ensure accountability for acts of torture.
It has same structure as UDHR, ICCPR and ICESCR with a preamble and 33 articles divided into 3 parts
THE COMMITTEE AGAINST TORTURE
It is the treaty body created to monitor and encourage States to uphold and implement their international obligations under the Convention against Torture.
CONVENTION AGAINST TORTURE INITIATIVE
An inter-governmental initiative to strengthen institutions, policies and practices and reduce the risks of torture and ill-treatment by applying the UN Convention against Torture.
International Law on the Protection of Cultural Heritage: UNESCO 1954 and 197...UNESCO Venice Office
FIGHTING AGAINST THE ILLICIT TRAFFICKING OF CULTURAL PROPERTY
Cross-border training workshop for authorities from the Republic of Moldova and Romania
Rome, Italy, 12-16 November 2018
Monday, 12 November
International Humanitarian Law Lecture 8 - Sources of IHLNilendra Kumar
This presentation gives a detailed explanation of the two branches of International Humanitarian Law. This also underlines the supplementary sources of IHL.
Edouard Planche - International Legislation: Update, Assessment and Way ForwardUNESCO Venice Office
Fight against illicit traffic of cultural property in South-East Europe.
Gaziantep, Turkey, 19-21 November 2012.
Link: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/venice/about-this-office/single-view/news/building_capacities_for_the_fight_against_the_illicit_trafficking_of_cultural_property_
in_south_east_europe/
UNESCO - Fighting against the illicit trafficking of cultural property - Cros...UNESCO Venice Office
FIGHTING AGAINST THE ILLICIT TRAFFICKING OF CULTURAL PROPERTY
Cross-border training workshop for relevant authorities of
Montenegro and Serbia
Rome (Italy), 20-24 November 2017
Hague conventions of 1899 and 1907 are a series of international treaties and declarations negotiated at two international peace conferences at The Hague in the Netherland.
Hague Convention is the first formal statement of the laws of war and war crimes that can be applied to the whole world as international law.
Implementing the 1954 Hague Convention: protecting Cultural PropertyCILIP
Blue Shield UK forms one of the many national NGO’s under Blue Shield International, created out of and underpinned by the Hague Convention of 1954. This presentation bu UK Blue Shield Trustee Suzanna Joy from the CILIP Conference outlines the role UK Blue Shield has working with Galleries, Libraries, Archives, Museums, Monuments and Sites to promote resilience and recovery of cultural property during times of natural disaster and conflict.
UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION AGAINST TORTURE.pptxAnjana S Kumar
The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment / Torture Convention / UNCAT
It is an international human rights treaty, under the review of the United Nations. Adopted on 10 Dec 1984
PURPOSE OF THE CONVENTION
To prevent and eradicate the use of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment and to ensure accountability for acts of torture.
It has same structure as UDHR, ICCPR and ICESCR with a preamble and 33 articles divided into 3 parts
THE COMMITTEE AGAINST TORTURE
It is the treaty body created to monitor and encourage States to uphold and implement their international obligations under the Convention against Torture.
CONVENTION AGAINST TORTURE INITIATIVE
An inter-governmental initiative to strengthen institutions, policies and practices and reduce the risks of torture and ill-treatment by applying the UN Convention against Torture.
International Law on the Protection of Cultural Heritage: UNESCO 1954 and 197...UNESCO Venice Office
FIGHTING AGAINST THE ILLICIT TRAFFICKING OF CULTURAL PROPERTY
Cross-border training workshop for authorities from the Republic of Moldova and Romania
Rome, Italy, 12-16 November 2018
Monday, 12 November
International Humanitarian Law Lecture 8 - Sources of IHLNilendra Kumar
This presentation gives a detailed explanation of the two branches of International Humanitarian Law. This also underlines the supplementary sources of IHL.
Edouard Planche - International Legislation: Update, Assessment and Way ForwardUNESCO Venice Office
Fight against illicit traffic of cultural property in South-East Europe.
Gaziantep, Turkey, 19-21 November 2012.
Link: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/venice/about-this-office/single-view/news/building_capacities_for_the_fight_against_the_illicit_trafficking_of_cultural_property_
in_south_east_europe/
UNESCO - Fighting against the illicit trafficking of cultural property - Cros...UNESCO Venice Office
FIGHTING AGAINST THE ILLICIT TRAFFICKING OF CULTURAL PROPERTY
Cross-border training workshop for relevant authorities of
Montenegro and Serbia
Rome (Italy), 20-24 November 2017
Marina Schneider - Model provisions on State Ownership of Undiscovered Cultur...UNESCO Venice Office
Fight against illicit traffic of cultural property in South-East Europe.
Gaziantep, Turkey, 19-21 November 2012.
Link: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/venice/about-this-office/single-view/news/building_capacities_for_the_fight_against_the_illicit_trafficking_of_cultural_property_
in_south_east_europe/
Marina Schneider - Best practices on legal protection of cultural heritageUNESCO Venice Office
Fight against illicit traffic of cultural property in South-East Europe.
Gaziantep, Turkey, 19-21 November 2012
Link: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/venice/about-this-office/single-view/news/building_capacities_for_the_fight_against_the_illicit_trafficking_of_cultural_property_
in_south_east_europe/
Sydney CHICHE-ATTALI - PPT The Restitution of Art and Cultural Goods - April ...Sydney CHICHE-ATTALI
5h training on the Restitution of Art and Cultural Goods for NEOMA BUSINESS SCHOOL Students of the Master Cultural and Creative Industries - 15th April 2020
Heritage is the identity of every respective state, and they are putting considerable efforts to preserve and protect their centuries old rich heritage. India is one of the countries possessing rich cultural and natural heritage. In this regard, the preservation of historical structures has to have an objective of safeguarding national cultural identity various policies and laws are framed for preservation, protection and proper management of the cultural heritage at the state and central level in India.
Manlio Frigo - National systems of protection of cultural heritage: cooperati...UNESCO Venice Office
Fight against illicit traffic of cultural property in South-East Europe.
Gaziantep, Turkey, 19-21 November 2012
Link: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/venice/about-this-office/single-view/news/building_capacities_for_the_fight_against_the_illicit_trafficking_of_cultural_property_
in_south_east_europe/
Unesco - International cooperation: tools and results in restitution issuesUNESCO Venice Office
FIGHTING AGAINST THE ILLICIT TRAFFICKING OF CULTURAL PROPERTY
Cross-border training workshop for relevant authorities of
Montenegro and Serbia
Rome (Italy), 20-24 November 2017
Combating art trafficking QNL - training november 2020 - Sydney Chiche-AttaliSydney CHICHE-ATTALI
3-day online training by Sydney CHICHE-ATTALI for Qatar National Library on November 2020
These training sessions include:
● An introduction on the international and regional legal framework regarding the circulation of art and cultural goods and also regarding Art trafficking
● An overview of the due diligence to be observed by the Art and Heritage professionals in order to limit the risks related to looted Artworks and it will also include
● Case studies of art restitution to illustrate the issues related to art trafficking and the necessity of carrying out reliable due diligence.
Alberto Deregibus - The International Code of Ethics for Dealers in Cultural ...UNESCO Venice Office
Fight against illicit traffic of cultural property in South-East Europe.
Gaziantep, Turkey, 19-21 November 2012.
Link: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/venice/about-this-office/single-view/news/building_capacities_for_the_fight_against_the_illicit_trafficking_of_cultural_property_
in_south_east_europe/
First Regional Meeting of the UNESCO Science-related Chairs and Centres for S...UNESCO Venice Office
First Regional Meeting of the UNESCO Science-related Chairs and Centres for South-East Europe and the Mediterranean, 26-28 October 2022, Venice (Italy)
Palazzo Zorzi Declaration of UNESCO science–related Chairs and Centers from S...UNESCO Venice Office
Palazzo Zorzi Declaration of UNESCO science–related Chairs and Centers from South-East Europe and
the Mediterranean, adopted on 28 October 2022 in Venice, Italy
MAB-IHP Regional Symposium: Managing Water Resources in Biosphere Reserves in...UNESCO Venice Office
Brankica Majkic-Dursun, Climate Change Impact on water resources and BRs
Venice, 16-17 December 2021
Overall responsibility for the views and opinions expressed in the slides is taken by the authors
MAB-IHP Regional Symposium: Managing Water Resources in Biosphere Reserves in...UNESCO Venice Office
Harald Kothe, Sustainable water management in BRs in SEE
Venice, 16-17 December 2021
Overall responsibility for the views and opinions expressed in the slides is taken by the authors
MAB-IHP Regional Symposium: Managing Water Resources in Biosphere Reserves in...UNESCO Venice Office
Anatolie Risina, Lower Prut Biosphere Reserve, Moldova
Venice, 16-17 December 2021
Overall responsibility for the views and opinions expressed in the slides is taken by the authors
MAB-IHP Regional Symposium: Managing Water Resources in Biosphere Reserves in...UNESCO Venice Office
Meuccio Berselli, The Value of Water within the River Po District, Italy
Venice, 16-17 December 2021
Overall responsibility for the views and opinions expressed in the slides is taken by the authors
MAB-IHP Regional Symposium: Managing Water Resources in Biosphere Reserves in...UNESCO Venice Office
Dejan Miletic, Nature Park Golija, Biosphere Reserve Golija Studenica, Serbia
Venice, 16-17 December 2021
Overall responsibility for the views and opinions expressed in the slides is taken by the authors
MAB-IHP Regional Symposium: Managing Water Resources in Biosphere Reserves in...UNESCO Venice Office
Yulian Naydenov, Water resources management in Srebarna Biosphere Reserve, Bulgaria
Venice, 16-17 December 2021
Overall responsibility for the views and opinions expressed in the slides is taken by the authors
MAB-IHP Regional Symposium: Managing Water Resources in Biosphere Reserves in...UNESCO Venice Office
Gabriela Morozov, Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve, Romania
Venice, 16-17 December 2021
Overall responsibility for the views and opinions expressed in the slides is taken by the authors
MAB-IHP Regional Symposium: Managing Water Resources in Biosphere Reserves in...UNESCO Venice Office
Sara Bianchi, Massimiliano Costa, Po Delta Biosphere Reserve, Cultural and Natural Water Heritage, Italy
Venice, 16-17 December 2021
Overall responsibility for the views and opinions expressed in the slides is taken by the authors
MAB-IHP Regional Symposium: Managing Water Resources in Biosphere Reserves in...UNESCO Venice Office
Claudio de Paola, Sustainable water management for agriculture in Ticino Val Grande Verbano Biosphere Reserve, Italy
Venice, 16-17 December 2021
Overall responsibility for the views and opinions expressed in the slides is taken by the authors
MAB-IHP Regional Symposium: Managing Water Resources in Biosphere Reserves in...UNESCO Venice Office
Michalis Probonas, Asterousia Mountain Range: MAB & NewLife4Drylands Project, Greece
Venice, 16-17 December 2021
Overall responsibility for the views and opinions expressed in the slides is taken by the authors
MAB-IHP Regional Symposium: Managing Water Resources in Biosphere Reserves in...UNESCO Venice Office
Michele Santaniello, Giuseppe Luzzi, Precision agriculture for environmental sustainability in the Unesco "MaB-Sila", Biosphere Reserve, Italy
Venice, 16-17 December 2021
Overall responsibility for the views and opinions expressed in the slides is taken by the authors
MAB-IHP Regional Symposium: Managing Water Resources in Biosphere Reserves in...UNESCO Venice Office
Aleksander Koren, 5-country Biosphere Reserve Mura-Drava - Danube Wetland restoration - from strategies to practice, Slovenia
Venice, 16-17 December 2021
Overall responsibility for the views and opinions expressed in the slides is taken by the authors
MAB-IHP Regional Symposium: Managing Water Resources in Biosphere Reserves in...UNESCO Venice Office
Heidi C. Hauffe, Stefano Zanoni, Wildlife in the water: Innovative biodiversity monitoring in the wetlands of the Ledro Alps and Judicaria UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, Italy
Venice, 16-17 December 2021
Overall responsibility for the views and opinions expressed in the slides is taken by the authors
MAB-IHP Regional Symposium: Managing Water Resources in Biosphere Reserves in...UNESCO Venice Office
Noeline Raondry Rakotoarisoa, Setting the scene for sustainable water management in biosphere reserves in SEE and the Mediterranean
Venice, 16-17 December 2021
Overall responsibility for the views and opinions expressed in the slides is taken by the authors
MAB-IHP Regional Symposium: Managing Water Resources in Biosphere Reserves in...UNESCO Venice Office
Abou Amani, IHP IX 2022-2029 - Science for a Water Secure World in a Changing Environment in SEE and the Mediterranean
Venice, 16-17 December 2021
Overall responsibility for the views and opinions expressed in the slides is taken by the authors
MAB-IHP Regional Symposium: Managing Water Resources in Biosphere Reserves in...UNESCO Venice Office
Dragan Zeljko, International Sava River Basin Commission
Venice, 16-17 December 2021
Overall responsibility for the views and opinions expressed in the slides is taken by the authors
MAB-IHP Regional Symposium: Managing Water Resources in Biosphere Reserves in...UNESCO Venice Office
Bengisu Biray, Yasemin Gökyel, Areas Mustafa Onur Onen, Camili Biosphere Reserve of Turkey, Water Management in Turkey and Related Activities in Conservation
Venice, 16-17 December 2021
Overall responsibility for the views and opinions expressed in the slides is taken by the authors
MAB-IHP Regional Symposium: Managing Water Resources in Biosphere Reserves in...UNESCO Venice Office
Michael Scoullos, Water resources management & BRs in the Mediterranean
Venice, 16-17 December 2021
Overall responsibility for the views and opinions expressed in the slides is taken by the authors
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
1. UNIDROIT CONVENTION ON STOLEN OR
ILLEGALLY EXPORTED CULTURAL
OBJECTS
(Rome, 24 June 1995)
and its complementarity with the 1970 UNESCO
Convention
Fight against illicit traffic of cultural property in South-East Europe
Regional training workshop
Gaziantep, Turkey, 19 – 21 November 2012
2. ▪ International claims for the restitution and
return of cultural objects
outside the framework of
international conventions
▪ International claims for the restitution and
return of cultural objects
within the framework of the
UNIDROIT Convention
3. International claims for the restitution
and return of cultural objects
outside the framework of international
conventions
Claims by the owner victim of theft –
differences in legislations, in particular on the
protection of the good faith acquirer
Claims by a State in the event of illegal
export – In principle, no extraterritorial
recognition of the national laws prohibiting export
4. 1970 UNESCO Convention
Preventive measures to be taken: inventaries,
export certificates, monitoring trade, imposition of penal
or administrative sanctions, educational campaigns, etc.
Restitution provisions
(art. 7(b)(ii))
International cooperation framework: the
idea of strenghtening cooperation among and between
States Parties is present throughout the Convention
(possibility for more specific undertakings)
5. Why a new Convention ?
Unsatisfactory answers given by the non
conventional law (protection of the good faith acquirer)
Existing conventions not satisfactory as far as
private law aspects of the protection of cultural
objects are concerned (good faith, time limitations, court
jurisdiction…)
Is a very good example of co-operation between
States and international organisations
Adopts a highly constructive approach
6. Definition of cultural objects
UNESCO 1970 (art. 1) and UNIDROIT 1995 (art.
2) share the same definition (importance and
categories)
Article 2
…. cultural objects are those which, on religious or secular grounds,
are of importance for archaeology, prehistory, history, literature, art
or science and belong to one of the categories listed in the Annex
to this Convention.
An important difference
objects must not be “specifically designated” by the State to benefit
from the protection given by the 1995 Convention
7. The restitution of stolen objects
UNESCO 1970
Article 3
The import, export or transfer of ownership of cultural property effected
contrary to the provisions adopted under this Convention by the States Parties
thereto, shall be illicit.
Article 7(b)(ii)
Restitution of cultural property stolen in a museum or a religious or secular
public monument or similar institution ...
Provided that such property is documented as appertaining to the
inventory of that institution
States Parties undertake to take appropriate steps to... return any such
property … provided that the requesting State shall pay just compensation to
an innocent purchaser...
8. The restitution of stolen objects
UNIDROIT 1995
The principle
The possessor of a cultural object which has
been stolen shall return it (Article 3(1))
Illicit excavation = theft
….., a cultural object which has been unlawfully
excavated or lawfully excavated but unlawfully
retained shall be considered stolen, when
consistent with the law of the State where the
excavation took place (Article 3(2))
9. The restitution of stolen objects
Two accessory rules
1) Time limitations: 3 years / 50 years
a claim for restitution of an cultural object forming an
integral part of an identified […] archaeological
site, [….] shall not be subject to time
limitations other than a period of three years
[..]
any Contracting State may declare that a claim is
subject to a time limitation of 75 years or such longer
period as is provided in its law
10. The restitution of stolen objects
Two accessory rules
2) Right to payment of a reasonable compensation for
the acquirer who exercised due diligence
Article 4(4)
In determining whether the possessor exercised due
diligence, regard shall be had to all the circumstances of the
acquisition, including […] whether the possessor consulted [..] and
any other relevant information and documentation which it could
reasonably have obtained, and whether the possessor consulted
accessible agencies or […].
11. The return of illegally exported
cultural objects
UNESCO 1970
The Convention contains no specific measures concerning the obligation for
States to conform to other countries’ export laws
Art. 3: no State of the international art market has ever accepted that the obligation
of Art. 3 concerned all illegally exported objects
Art. 7(a): take measures to prevent museums from acquiring cultural property
which has been illegally exported …
Art. 9: in case of danger for the archaeological heritage States Parties undertake to
participate in a concerted international effort to carry out the necessary concrete
measures, inlucluding the control of exports ...
Art. 13(b): cooperation in facilitating the earliest possible restitution of illicitely
exported objects to its rightful owner
....
12. The return of illegally exported
cultural objects
UNIDROIT 1995
The principle
- Removal of the object … contrary to the law regulating the
export of cultural objects (Article 5(1)), and
- The export significantly impairs a scientific or historic interest,
or
the object is of significant interest for the requesting State
(Article 5(3))
The conditions for return
- Time limitations
- Compensation or other possibilities
13. Archaeological objects
UNESCO 1970
Article 9
Any State Party …, whose cultural patrimony
is in jeopardy from pillages of archaeological
or ethnological materials may call upon other
States who are affected (bilateral
agreements)
14. Archaeological objects
UNIDROIT 1995
Preamble
Deeply concerned by […] the irreparable damage […] and in particular by the pillage of archaeological sites and
the resulting loss of irreplaceable archaeological, historical and scientific information
Article 3(2) and 3(4)
For the purposes of this Convention, a cultural object which has been unlawfully excavated or lawfully excavated
but unlawfully retained shall be considered stolen, when consistent with the law of the State where the
excavation took place.
[...] a claim for restitution of an object forming an integral part of an identified monument or archaeological site
[…] shall not be subject to time limitations other than a period of three years […]
Article 5(3)
[…] the removal of the object significantly impairs […]:
a) the physical preservation of the object or of its context;
b) the integrity of a complex object;
c) the preservation of information of, for example, a scientific or historical character;
d) the traditional or ritual use of the object by a tribal or indigenous community,
or establishes that the object is of significant importance for the requesting State.
15. traditional or ritual use of the object by
a tribal or indigenous community
Preamble
DEEPLY CONCERNED by the illicit trade in cultural objects and the irreparable damage frequently
caused by it, both to these objects themselves and to the cultural heritage of national, tribal,
indigenous or other communities, and also to the heritage of all peoples, …
Article 3(8)
… a claim for restitution of a sacred or communally important cultural object belonging to and
used by a tribal or indigenous community in a Contracting State as part of that community's
traditional or ritual use, shall be subject to the time limitation applicable to public collections.
Article 5(3)(d)
… the removal of the object from its territory significantly impairs one or more of the following
interests:
(d) the traditional or ritual use of the object by a tribal or indigenous community,
Article 7(2)
the provisions of this Chapter shall apply where a cultural object was made by a member or
members of a tribal or indigenous community for traditional or ritual use by that community and
the object will be returned to that community.
16. Article 13(3)
In their relations with each other,
Contracting States which are Members of
organisations of economic integration […]
may declare that they will apply the
internal rules of these organisations […]
and will not therefore apply as between
these States the provisions of this
Convention the scope of application of
which coincides with that of those rules.
17. No retroactive application
The Convention only applies to objects stolen or illegally
exported after its entry into force
BUT
it in no way confers any approval or legitimacy upon
illegal transactions of whatever kind which may have
taken place before the entry into force of the Convention
nor limits any right or claim outside the framework of
the Convention for the restitution or return (bilateral
agreement, agreements between institutions, UNESCO
Intergovernmental Committee …)
18. The UNIDROIT Convention
A base for the future
A strong influence on national legislations
and on case law
also in countries not Parties to the Convention
19. Minimum Protection
The Convention establishes common,
minimal legal rules
Article 9 (1)
Nothing in this Convention shall prevent a
Contracting State from applying any rules
more favourable to the restitution or the
return of stolen or illegally exported cultural
objects than provided for by this Convention.
20. Increase the number of States
Parties
33 States Parties
Afghanistan, Argentina, Azerbaijan, Bolivia, Brazil, Cambodia, China,
Colombia, Croatia, Cyprus, Ecuador, El Salvador, Finland, Gabon,
Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Lithuania, Nigeria,
Norway, New Zealand, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain
2 new accessions (waiting for the deposit of the
instrument with the Depositary)
Algeria, Angola
Decision taken to become Party
21. Facilitate the application of the
Convention
Article 3(2) 1995 Convention
An unlawfully excavated cultural object = a stolen
object, when consistent with the law of the State
where the excavation took place.
Has the legislation claiming State ownership really
the effect claimed, in particular for undiscovered
archaeological objects?
UNESCO – UNIDROIT Model Provisions on
State Ownership of Undiscovered Cultural
Objects with explanatory guidelines
22. A better follow-up of the Convention
19 June 2012
first meeting of the special committee in order to
review the practical operation of the Convention
(Art. 20)
Future meetings will be possibly linked to the new
mechanism of supervision of the 1970
Convention
23. CONCLUSION
The main objective of the Convention is not
to increase the number of restitutions /
returns but to change the behaviour of
buyers
“A convention which is looking for legally binding
solutions should not start from the maximum
expectations of those who will gain from it, but
from an acceptable minimum, thanks to the
understanding and to political pressure, by the
presumed loosers”