The document summarizes how Canada grew during the 1870s-1880s through political expansion, treaties with First Nations, and the creation of new provinces. It also discusses the Red River Settlement and rebellion led by Louis Riel and the Metis people, who were upset by the arrival of surveyors on their land. Finally, it outlines John A. Macdonald's National Policy to encourage immigration, manufacturing, and build a transcontinental railway to unite the nation, though this faced challenges and disadvantages for Eastern and Western Canada.