The Odendaal Plan was introduced in the 1960s by South African Prime Minister Hendrick Verwoerd to divide Namibia into ethnic homelands. It aimed to concentrate the black population into reserves on only 40% of the land, leaving the best land for white farmers. The plan politically divided Namibia into 10 homelands and recommended developing some infrastructure like schools and health centers. However, it severely affected the Namibian people by separating communities, sending people to different areas, and giving blacks dry, barren land while whites received fertile areas.

1. Salomo Ndeyamunye
yaNdeshimona

2. Discuss the Odendaal Plan.
It was a plan that was introduced by Dr. Hendrick
Frensch Verwoerd who became the Prime minister of
SA from 1958 to 1966. He was known as the father of
homeland policy. The plan was made to work out a
system of homelands to force blacks into reserves.

3. Name and explain the economic and political
recommendations made by the Odendaal plan.
Economic recommendation
 Water and electricity: - They planned to build a hydroelectric
scheme at Cunene and build a canal to provide water to
communities.
 Transport: - Gravel roads were upgraded.
 Mining: - They opened mines in Tsumeb and Oranjemund.
 Educational Facilities: - More schools for blacks were built.
 Health Centers: - Training centers for nurses were built in
Oshakati and Windhoek.

4. Political recommendation
 Homelands; - the country was divided into ten
homelands.
 Land: - the homelands covered only 40 % of the
land.
 Government property: - certain areas were set
aside as government property.
 Minerals and farms: - all these areas were
occupied by white authority only.
 Unreserved area for coloreds; No homeland was
set aside for colored people.

5. The ten homelands were;
Kaokoland
Ovamboland
Kavangoland
Damaraland
East Caprivi
Bushmanland
Hereroland
Twanaland
Basterland
Namaland

6. The effects of the Odendaal Plan on the Namibian
population
It separated communities into ethnic groups.
People were sent to different areas.
Many people became contract labourers and
worked in white areas.
Blacks were given dry and barren land which
made it difficult to grow crops or farm with
livestock.
Whites were given the best fertile land
suitable for all farming purposes.

7. The effects of the Odendaal plan concerning
human rights.
The communities were divided into small
groups; the land that was given to the blacks
was dry and barren; homelands were enlarged;
homelands were too small for people to farm
traditionally; many people were moved out of
their land where they stayed for many years.

8. Possible Questions
a) In what way did the Odendaal plan affected the lives o the Namibian
people? Explain your answer. [4]
b) Why did South Africa introduce the Odendaal plan in Namibia?
c) How important was Odendaal plan in the history o Namibia/ Explain
your answer. [3]
f) Write a paragraph about the Odendaal plan? [5]
g) What did the Namibian people think about the Odendaal plan?
Explain your answer. [5]
h) Following are three recommendation made by the Odendaal plan;
 Homelands
 Water and Electricity
 Land
Which one affected Namibian people severely? Choose one, give three
reason, and also explain why the other two affected Namibian people
least. [6]

9. Thank you!
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moNdeshimona