This document summarizes a study on occupational stress among employees in the IT sector in Hyderabad, India. The study aims to identify factors causing occupational stress and compare stress levels between multinational and domestic IT companies. A literature review covers previous research on occupational stress and relevant models. The methodology discusses the sample, which will be 1200 employees from 7 IT companies, and validated questionnaires to measure occupational role stressors, personal strain, and personal resources. In summary, the document outlines a research study on occupational stress factors and levels among IT employees in Hyderabad.
Job Anxiety and Occupational Stress among Employees of IT Sector: Impact on t...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Information technology is the fastest growing sector in the country and the highest employer in the private sector. The fast-paced technological changes, the need to keep up with it and the huge workload puts enormous demands on the employees. They experience anxiety and stress at the workplace which affects, positively and negatively, their attitude towards their job and management. Hence, the study investigated the relationship between anxiety and stress experienced by the employees at the workplace and how each factor affects their attitude towards their management respectively. Since the study covered both male and female employees, hence similar nature of relationship between the variables was also examined separately for each gender
For this ex-post facto research, a convenience sample of 200 respondents through stratified sampling technique was chosen in 2019 from various IT firms in Hyderabad. The age of the respondents was between 24-36 years. The data for analysis was collected through 3 scales/ index viz. 1) Job Anxiety Scale by Dr. A. K. Srivastava 2) Occupational Stress Index by A K Srivastav and A P Singh 3) Attitude Scale for Measuring Employee Attitude Towards Management Attitude Scale for Measuring Employee Attitude Towards Management by Dr. K D Kapoor and a personal information sheet. Statistical tools of Pearson was applied to analyse the data.
The results of the study confirmed that occupational stress significantly and negatively predicted attitude towards management of the employees. But, on the contrary for job anxiety the relationship with employee attitude was found to be insignificant. The attitude towards management of female employees was found to be more significantly and negatively related to job anxiety and occupational stress respectively as compared to their male counterparts. This result belied the expectations. However, no interaction effect was observed between job anxiety and occupational stress while predicting attitude towards management. It is recommended that IT companies must design general and gender based intervention strategies to reduce job anxiety and occupational stress among employees.
A STUDY ON STRESS MANAGEMENT AND COPING STRATEGIES WITH REFERENCE TO IT COMPA...IAEME Publication
Stress has become significant due to dynamic social factor and changing needs of life styles. Stress is man‘s adaptive reaction to an outward situation which would lead to physical, mental and behavioral changes. Even though stress kills brain cells, not all stresses are destructive in nature. Appropriate amount of stress can actually trigger passion for work, tap latent abilities and even ignite inspirations. The study throws light on the wide spread silent problem by name Stress‘, which gave rise to acute dysfunctions and are called many diseases, increase divorce rates, and other harassments. The work stress is found in all professions. IT professionals are very stress because they are highly target driven and highly pressured on results.
Managing Stress at Workplace A Study on Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Indust...ijtsrd
This study attempts to understand various stress factors at workplace, consequences and various techniques to overcome stress in Industries. Stress is normally unavoidable part of everyone’s life living in this world. Stress in limited quantity is beneficial to organization and employee as well. It helps to achieve personal as well as goals of organization. But stress in excess quantity can cause harmful effects on the body, mind and psychology of employees. The present study has included two segments Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries. . These organisations have further been grouped into one pairs Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries based on certain Similarities in the factors that cause negative stress. Though these organization negative stress creating factors like the Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries. They possess different categories of employees, working at various hierarchy levels. They use different methods and techniques in order to complete their varying job tasks. The factors like career advancement, relationship to work place, organization structure or design, leadership styles and organizational culture have similarities to create stress at workplace. Dr. Kamaljeet Kaur Bhatia "Managing Stress at Workplace: A Study on Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52249.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/52249/managing-stress-at-workplace-a-study-on-automobile-and-pharmaceuticals-industries/dr-kamaljeet-kaur-bhatia
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
There has been lot of debate on the reasons of stress experienced in organizations; consequently it has been realized that stress at workplace brings damages in terms of health of employees, work accidents, poor productivity and staff turnover. Now a days workrelated stress is an area of major concern and research in the behavioral sciences. Work- relates can be linked to physical and psychological health problems among people. The present study is an attempt to find out the difference in work-stressors among the workforces of BPO sector and Educational Institutes. The data was gathered from Delhi, Noida, Gurgaon and Ghaziabad. A sample of 400 respondents was considered for study. Only 375 respondents returned the filled form. Random convenient sampling technique was used to collect the data. Work-stressors scale identified by Cooper (1986) was used to measure work-related stressors and the results revealed that there is no significant difference among the workforces of both sector on the basis of work related stressors.
Pooling Late Work: Impact on Health in Information Technology Professionpaperpublications3
Abstract: The human-computer interaction factor also has an effect on work exhaustion because now a days work related stress is becoming a great challenge to the working people especially IT professionals in the organizations. In one end, The stressors like self role distance (SRD), Inter-role distance (IRD), Role Boundaries(RB) and Personal adequacy(PA) but at the other end, work load, lack of time flexibility, health issues and other problems are creating more problem for IT professionals in fact these factors are pooling them for late work.
Stress has become a major concern of the modern times as it can cause harm to employee’s health and performance. Work related stress costs organization billions of dollars each year through sickness, turnover and absenteeism. So it becomes necessary for every organization to know the factor causing stress among the employees as well as how they cope up with stress to make the employee more participative and productive. The Research study titled “A STUDY ON STRESS MANAGEMENT AMONG EMPLOYEES AT SAKTHI FINANCE LIMITED, COIMBATORE” was conducted to find out the factor causing stress among employees and to know how they cope up with stress. The Research design used was a descriptive research. The primary data has been collected through a questionnaire method. The sample design used in the study was Convenience Sampling Technique with a sample size of 60. The collected data has been analysed through various tools like Percentage Analysis, Chi- Square Test & ANOVAs, and Factor Analysis.
Job Anxiety and Occupational Stress among Employees of IT Sector: Impact on t...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Information technology is the fastest growing sector in the country and the highest employer in the private sector. The fast-paced technological changes, the need to keep up with it and the huge workload puts enormous demands on the employees. They experience anxiety and stress at the workplace which affects, positively and negatively, their attitude towards their job and management. Hence, the study investigated the relationship between anxiety and stress experienced by the employees at the workplace and how each factor affects their attitude towards their management respectively. Since the study covered both male and female employees, hence similar nature of relationship between the variables was also examined separately for each gender
For this ex-post facto research, a convenience sample of 200 respondents through stratified sampling technique was chosen in 2019 from various IT firms in Hyderabad. The age of the respondents was between 24-36 years. The data for analysis was collected through 3 scales/ index viz. 1) Job Anxiety Scale by Dr. A. K. Srivastava 2) Occupational Stress Index by A K Srivastav and A P Singh 3) Attitude Scale for Measuring Employee Attitude Towards Management Attitude Scale for Measuring Employee Attitude Towards Management by Dr. K D Kapoor and a personal information sheet. Statistical tools of Pearson was applied to analyse the data.
The results of the study confirmed that occupational stress significantly and negatively predicted attitude towards management of the employees. But, on the contrary for job anxiety the relationship with employee attitude was found to be insignificant. The attitude towards management of female employees was found to be more significantly and negatively related to job anxiety and occupational stress respectively as compared to their male counterparts. This result belied the expectations. However, no interaction effect was observed between job anxiety and occupational stress while predicting attitude towards management. It is recommended that IT companies must design general and gender based intervention strategies to reduce job anxiety and occupational stress among employees.
A STUDY ON STRESS MANAGEMENT AND COPING STRATEGIES WITH REFERENCE TO IT COMPA...IAEME Publication
Stress has become significant due to dynamic social factor and changing needs of life styles. Stress is man‘s adaptive reaction to an outward situation which would lead to physical, mental and behavioral changes. Even though stress kills brain cells, not all stresses are destructive in nature. Appropriate amount of stress can actually trigger passion for work, tap latent abilities and even ignite inspirations. The study throws light on the wide spread silent problem by name Stress‘, which gave rise to acute dysfunctions and are called many diseases, increase divorce rates, and other harassments. The work stress is found in all professions. IT professionals are very stress because they are highly target driven and highly pressured on results.
Managing Stress at Workplace A Study on Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Indust...ijtsrd
This study attempts to understand various stress factors at workplace, consequences and various techniques to overcome stress in Industries. Stress is normally unavoidable part of everyone’s life living in this world. Stress in limited quantity is beneficial to organization and employee as well. It helps to achieve personal as well as goals of organization. But stress in excess quantity can cause harmful effects on the body, mind and psychology of employees. The present study has included two segments Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries. . These organisations have further been grouped into one pairs Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries based on certain Similarities in the factors that cause negative stress. Though these organization negative stress creating factors like the Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries. They possess different categories of employees, working at various hierarchy levels. They use different methods and techniques in order to complete their varying job tasks. The factors like career advancement, relationship to work place, organization structure or design, leadership styles and organizational culture have similarities to create stress at workplace. Dr. Kamaljeet Kaur Bhatia "Managing Stress at Workplace: A Study on Automobile and Pharmaceuticals Industries" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52249.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/52249/managing-stress-at-workplace-a-study-on-automobile-and-pharmaceuticals-industries/dr-kamaljeet-kaur-bhatia
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
There has been lot of debate on the reasons of stress experienced in organizations; consequently it has been realized that stress at workplace brings damages in terms of health of employees, work accidents, poor productivity and staff turnover. Now a days workrelated stress is an area of major concern and research in the behavioral sciences. Work- relates can be linked to physical and psychological health problems among people. The present study is an attempt to find out the difference in work-stressors among the workforces of BPO sector and Educational Institutes. The data was gathered from Delhi, Noida, Gurgaon and Ghaziabad. A sample of 400 respondents was considered for study. Only 375 respondents returned the filled form. Random convenient sampling technique was used to collect the data. Work-stressors scale identified by Cooper (1986) was used to measure work-related stressors and the results revealed that there is no significant difference among the workforces of both sector on the basis of work related stressors.
Pooling Late Work: Impact on Health in Information Technology Professionpaperpublications3
Abstract: The human-computer interaction factor also has an effect on work exhaustion because now a days work related stress is becoming a great challenge to the working people especially IT professionals in the organizations. In one end, The stressors like self role distance (SRD), Inter-role distance (IRD), Role Boundaries(RB) and Personal adequacy(PA) but at the other end, work load, lack of time flexibility, health issues and other problems are creating more problem for IT professionals in fact these factors are pooling them for late work.
Stress has become a major concern of the modern times as it can cause harm to employee’s health and performance. Work related stress costs organization billions of dollars each year through sickness, turnover and absenteeism. So it becomes necessary for every organization to know the factor causing stress among the employees as well as how they cope up with stress to make the employee more participative and productive. The Research study titled “A STUDY ON STRESS MANAGEMENT AMONG EMPLOYEES AT SAKTHI FINANCE LIMITED, COIMBATORE” was conducted to find out the factor causing stress among employees and to know how they cope up with stress. The Research design used was a descriptive research. The primary data has been collected through a questionnaire method. The sample design used in the study was Convenience Sampling Technique with a sample size of 60. The collected data has been analysed through various tools like Percentage Analysis, Chi- Square Test & ANOVAs, and Factor Analysis.
Organizational Stress, Job Satisfaction and Employee Mental Health: A Compara...inventionjournals
Employees are increasingly recognising that work is infringing on their personal lives and they are not happy about it. Evidence indicates that balancing work and life demands now surpasses job security as an employee priority. They want a life as well as a job. The purpose of the study is to assess the occupational stress, job satisfaction and mental health of employees belonging to two professions namely bank and IT firms comprising of both private as well as private sector. The need was felt so as to aid the personnel to combat with various dimensions of occupation stress and job dissatisfaction and to inculcate feelings of organisational citizenship behaviour and commitment and reduce employee turnover costs and attrition which is on the rise these days. Design and Methodology – An attempt was made to study 60 bank employees each from private sector and public sector. Similarly, from the IT firms 60 each employees were taken from private as well as public sector of Kolkata following simple random sampling.The total sample size was 240. For this purpose the following scales were used- 1.Job Satisfaction Questionnaire by Dr. B.C. Muthayya 2.The Occupational Stress Index by Dr. A. K. Shrivastava and Dr. A.P. Singh - It purports to measure the extent of stress which employees perceive in terms of 12 domains. 3.Employee's Mental Health Inventory (EMHI) by Dr.Jagdish Results – The occupational stress has been found out to be maximum in terms of role overload ,powerlessness, underparticipation ,low status and unprofitability for banks in private sector. Least occupational stress has been reported by employees working in IT private sector. Considering job satisfaction bank private sector face maximum job dissatisfaction. Whereas, IT govt sector encounters least job dissatisfaction. Lastly, taking into account employee mental health ,good mental health prevails among employees from IT govt sector and worst among bank private sector. Conclusion - Experiencing high levels of organisational stress has negative effects on task performance. It also adversely affects ones’ physical and mental health in a wide variety of ways. Stress and job dissatisfaction is a major cause to disrupt worklife balance , desk rage and burnout.
Emotional intelligence has become a familiar issue between academicians, counsellors and business leaders due to a considerable role in the workplace. Organizations may be able to increase productivity and improve employee well-being through assessment and training of EI. Successes and failures at work generate emotions that may feedback to influence job performance, health, and other work behaviours. Understanding the interplay between work and emotion requires the identification of emotional competencies. Systematic research matching facets of EI to specific job competencies needed in order to substantiate the relevance of EI to the workplace. Anupama | Dr. Ajay K. Rajan"Role of Emotional Intelligence at Workplace" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-1 , December 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd8285.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/management/hrm-and-retail-business/8285/role-of-emotional-intelligence-at-workplace/anupama
Stress is inevitable in today’s complex life. Right from the time of birth till death, an individual is regularly exposed to various stressful situations. The threat of political and economic imbalances and uncertainties, unemployment, poverty, urbanization and increased socio- economic complexities and
innumerable other factors contribute to stress. In fact modern times have been called the “age of anxiety and stress” (Coleman, 1976). Stress has been experienced since time immemorial, but its toll is higher than ever before. Stress is growing problem because of increase in working hours, deadlines, conflicting demands and increase accountability. The present paper makes an attempt to discuss stress
and its solution with reference to pertinent literature.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to
A Study on the Impact of Occupational Stress on Job Satisfaction of the Emplo...ijtsrd
Occupational stress can be defined as the harmful physical and emotional responses when the job requirements do not match the workers capabilities, resources, or needs. Indeed, there may be many factors affecting organizational effectiveness, and one of them is occupational stress which impacts employees job satisfaction. Job satisfaction leads people experiencing higher subjective well being to become more engaged and involved in their work, earn more money, have better relations with supervisors and co employees, and are better organizational citizens. The primary purpose of this OCCUPATIONAL STRESS ON JOB SATISFACTION study is to examine employees stress and job satisfaction. Every organization needs to have less stress and more satisfaction in employees to perform their work well when they feel good about their jobs. Certain factors tend to be consistently related to job satisfaction. My study examines the various factors and knows the level of stress and job satisfaction in Employees of the organization, and provides practical suggestions for improving the organizations performance. A questionnaire was designed which included questions regarding stress in employees alongside their satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Accordingly, 100 employees have been selected randomly from the organization, and feedback forms Questionnaire have been obtained. Through this analysis, interpretations were made thus. Atiqullah Sahim | Dr. P. Basaiah "A Study on the Impact of Occupational Stress on Job Satisfaction of the Employees at New Kabul Bank Afghanistan" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45190.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/45190/a-study-on-the-impact-of-occupational-stress-on-job-satisfaction-of-the-employees-at-new-kabul-bank-afghanistan/atiqullah-sahim
CONCEPTUAL MODEL FIT FOR IMPACT OF OCCUPATIONAL STRESS ON PERFORMANCE AND SAT...IAEME Publication
The principle motivation behind this investigation is to investigate the impact of occupation weight on employment execution among the workers in the vehicle association. In addition, the exploration intends to find the pressure factors, for example, mental pressure and physical pressure. As recognized in other observational research, work pressure is affected by a few variables, remarkably job pressure. The job equivocalness, job strife and job over-burden, have the most impeding effects on the employees organizational stress in the work place. There has likewise been research demonstrating that workers in the official level are faced with emotional pressure in the enterprise. Thus, on analyzing the intensity of this stress factors, it has been chosen that activity stress, ought to be investigated to determine its effect on the employees execution. Subsequently this empirical study is expected to investigate the impact of Occupational stress on execution of work among the employees working in transportation enterprise, where Private Sector Banks in Thanjavur District is one kind of it in Tamil Nadu. It is trusted that the investigation will add to growing exploration on Occupational stress and furnish analysts and implementers with a chance to vigilance the impact of employment productivity on the performance and efficiency of the employees.
Holistic well-being in the IT sector_ Why does it matter_.pdfAnil
Holistic well-being in the IT sector is crucial for several reasons, as it directly impacts the overall health, productivity, and satisfaction of individuals working in the industry. Here are some key reasons why holistic well-being matters in the IT sector
Job Stress Management Practices among Employees in Bpo Sectorijtsrd
Stress is a part of day to day living of every individual. The students may experience stress in meeting the academic demands, people on the job and business men may suffer stress to reach office in time and to complete the projects on time and even the house hold ladies may experience stress in managing the home affairs and to look for the maid servant. The reasons for the stress differ from person to person. The stress people experience should not be necessarily treated as harmful. An optimum amount of stress can always act as an energizer or motivator and propel people to apply the efforts and complete the work. But a high level of stress can be serious threat to the personality trails of the individual and can cause physiological and social problems. A very pedestrian definition of stress goes something like this "stress is feeling bad due to troubles beyond our control." This includes the only two ideas about stress that are almost universal, that stress is Unpleasant and that it is something that happens. Stress has been defined as the arousal of the mind and body in response to demands made on them. When stressed, the body single mindedly prepares for battle. The adrenal gland speeds up the secretion of adrenaline and the body closes down the 'unnecessary' functions of digestion, tissue repair, and immune system work. There is no single level of stress that is optimal for all people and they are all individual creatures with unique requirements. As such, what is distressing to one may be a joy to another. And even when they agree that a particular event is distressing, people are likely to differ in physiological and psychological responses to it. V. Karthikeyani "Job Stress Management Practices among Employees in Bpo Sector" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31678.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/organizational-behaviour/31678/job-stress-management-practices-among-employees-in-bpo-sector/v-karthikeyani
The article discusses the importance of employee engagement for organizational
and business performance through the prism of ergonomics. The issues that are
discussed in this paper comprise the modest contribution that ergonomics as a
discipline has made. The relevance of workplace health and ergonomics work relate
with that of participation, safety culture and further implications for participatory
ergonomics approaches. Based on recently published conceptual framework that
recognises the dynamic and multi-dimensional nature of safety culture, the paper
highlights the due significance demanded by ergonomics and that which is equally
ignored by top management. The paper concludes by considering the much needed
empirical survey on this issue in almost all industries and prompt action being taken
to implement it. Also, the paper gives a glimpse of various approaches for an
empirical study, within an organisation which is noted as important to the success of
ergonomics projects
A Study on the Occupational Stress of IT Employees of Coimbatore District Wor...ijtsrd
Background and Objectives Occupational stress is commonly defined as the harmful physical and emotional responses that occur when the demands of the job exceed the capabilities, needs or resources of the worker. The main aim of the study was to find out the occupational stress of IT employees who are working from home. Research Design and Samples The research design adopted by the researcher is descriptive in nature. Snow ball Sampling method was adopted and the sample size was 60 consisting of both male and female belonging to Coimbatore district. Tools of data collection Self structured Interview Schedule was used by the researcher to obtain Socio demographic data. Occupational stress index OSI developed by A.K. Srivastava and A.P. Singh was used to find out the occupational stress level of IT employees. This study conclude that 16.7 of the respondents are moderate level of occupational stress, 70.0 of the respondents are good level of occupational stress and 13.3 of the respondents are poor level of occupational stress. Ms. Monika. T | Dr. Agnes Febiola. X "A Study on the Occupational Stress of IT Employees of Coimbatore District Working from Home" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50275.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/50275/a-study-on-the-occupational-stress-of-it-employees-of-coimbatore-district-working-from-home/ms-monika-t
A STUDY ON JOB STRESS AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEES PERFORMANCEIAEME Publication
The employees in the organization are under a great deal of stress and due to many antecedents of stress such as overload, role ambiguity, role conflict, responsibility for people, participation, lack of feedback, keeping up with rapid technological change. Outcomes of this among the employees are stress on job performance. The physical and psychology demands of workers in the organization make them more vulnerable to high level of stress. This study investigated and evaluated the job stress and its effect on job performance among the employees in the organization.
Job analysis & Job design function of HRM helps the organization to identify the skills that are required to the employee to perform .Job design helps in motivating the employee to give the performance
Training and development improve the skills of the employee and decreases the mistakes in job. It in turn develops the productivity
of the organization
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Organizational Stress, Job Satisfaction and Employee Mental Health: A Compara...inventionjournals
Employees are increasingly recognising that work is infringing on their personal lives and they are not happy about it. Evidence indicates that balancing work and life demands now surpasses job security as an employee priority. They want a life as well as a job. The purpose of the study is to assess the occupational stress, job satisfaction and mental health of employees belonging to two professions namely bank and IT firms comprising of both private as well as private sector. The need was felt so as to aid the personnel to combat with various dimensions of occupation stress and job dissatisfaction and to inculcate feelings of organisational citizenship behaviour and commitment and reduce employee turnover costs and attrition which is on the rise these days. Design and Methodology – An attempt was made to study 60 bank employees each from private sector and public sector. Similarly, from the IT firms 60 each employees were taken from private as well as public sector of Kolkata following simple random sampling.The total sample size was 240. For this purpose the following scales were used- 1.Job Satisfaction Questionnaire by Dr. B.C. Muthayya 2.The Occupational Stress Index by Dr. A. K. Shrivastava and Dr. A.P. Singh - It purports to measure the extent of stress which employees perceive in terms of 12 domains. 3.Employee's Mental Health Inventory (EMHI) by Dr.Jagdish Results – The occupational stress has been found out to be maximum in terms of role overload ,powerlessness, underparticipation ,low status and unprofitability for banks in private sector. Least occupational stress has been reported by employees working in IT private sector. Considering job satisfaction bank private sector face maximum job dissatisfaction. Whereas, IT govt sector encounters least job dissatisfaction. Lastly, taking into account employee mental health ,good mental health prevails among employees from IT govt sector and worst among bank private sector. Conclusion - Experiencing high levels of organisational stress has negative effects on task performance. It also adversely affects ones’ physical and mental health in a wide variety of ways. Stress and job dissatisfaction is a major cause to disrupt worklife balance , desk rage and burnout.
Emotional intelligence has become a familiar issue between academicians, counsellors and business leaders due to a considerable role in the workplace. Organizations may be able to increase productivity and improve employee well-being through assessment and training of EI. Successes and failures at work generate emotions that may feedback to influence job performance, health, and other work behaviours. Understanding the interplay between work and emotion requires the identification of emotional competencies. Systematic research matching facets of EI to specific job competencies needed in order to substantiate the relevance of EI to the workplace. Anupama | Dr. Ajay K. Rajan"Role of Emotional Intelligence at Workplace" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-1 , December 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd8285.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/management/hrm-and-retail-business/8285/role-of-emotional-intelligence-at-workplace/anupama
Stress is inevitable in today’s complex life. Right from the time of birth till death, an individual is regularly exposed to various stressful situations. The threat of political and economic imbalances and uncertainties, unemployment, poverty, urbanization and increased socio- economic complexities and
innumerable other factors contribute to stress. In fact modern times have been called the “age of anxiety and stress” (Coleman, 1976). Stress has been experienced since time immemorial, but its toll is higher than ever before. Stress is growing problem because of increase in working hours, deadlines, conflicting demands and increase accountability. The present paper makes an attempt to discuss stress
and its solution with reference to pertinent literature.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to
A Study on the Impact of Occupational Stress on Job Satisfaction of the Emplo...ijtsrd
Occupational stress can be defined as the harmful physical and emotional responses when the job requirements do not match the workers capabilities, resources, or needs. Indeed, there may be many factors affecting organizational effectiveness, and one of them is occupational stress which impacts employees job satisfaction. Job satisfaction leads people experiencing higher subjective well being to become more engaged and involved in their work, earn more money, have better relations with supervisors and co employees, and are better organizational citizens. The primary purpose of this OCCUPATIONAL STRESS ON JOB SATISFACTION study is to examine employees stress and job satisfaction. Every organization needs to have less stress and more satisfaction in employees to perform their work well when they feel good about their jobs. Certain factors tend to be consistently related to job satisfaction. My study examines the various factors and knows the level of stress and job satisfaction in Employees of the organization, and provides practical suggestions for improving the organizations performance. A questionnaire was designed which included questions regarding stress in employees alongside their satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Accordingly, 100 employees have been selected randomly from the organization, and feedback forms Questionnaire have been obtained. Through this analysis, interpretations were made thus. Atiqullah Sahim | Dr. P. Basaiah "A Study on the Impact of Occupational Stress on Job Satisfaction of the Employees at New Kabul Bank Afghanistan" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45190.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/45190/a-study-on-the-impact-of-occupational-stress-on-job-satisfaction-of-the-employees-at-new-kabul-bank-afghanistan/atiqullah-sahim
CONCEPTUAL MODEL FIT FOR IMPACT OF OCCUPATIONAL STRESS ON PERFORMANCE AND SAT...IAEME Publication
The principle motivation behind this investigation is to investigate the impact of occupation weight on employment execution among the workers in the vehicle association. In addition, the exploration intends to find the pressure factors, for example, mental pressure and physical pressure. As recognized in other observational research, work pressure is affected by a few variables, remarkably job pressure. The job equivocalness, job strife and job over-burden, have the most impeding effects on the employees organizational stress in the work place. There has likewise been research demonstrating that workers in the official level are faced with emotional pressure in the enterprise. Thus, on analyzing the intensity of this stress factors, it has been chosen that activity stress, ought to be investigated to determine its effect on the employees execution. Subsequently this empirical study is expected to investigate the impact of Occupational stress on execution of work among the employees working in transportation enterprise, where Private Sector Banks in Thanjavur District is one kind of it in Tamil Nadu. It is trusted that the investigation will add to growing exploration on Occupational stress and furnish analysts and implementers with a chance to vigilance the impact of employment productivity on the performance and efficiency of the employees.
Holistic well-being in the IT sector_ Why does it matter_.pdfAnil
Holistic well-being in the IT sector is crucial for several reasons, as it directly impacts the overall health, productivity, and satisfaction of individuals working in the industry. Here are some key reasons why holistic well-being matters in the IT sector
Job Stress Management Practices among Employees in Bpo Sectorijtsrd
Stress is a part of day to day living of every individual. The students may experience stress in meeting the academic demands, people on the job and business men may suffer stress to reach office in time and to complete the projects on time and even the house hold ladies may experience stress in managing the home affairs and to look for the maid servant. The reasons for the stress differ from person to person. The stress people experience should not be necessarily treated as harmful. An optimum amount of stress can always act as an energizer or motivator and propel people to apply the efforts and complete the work. But a high level of stress can be serious threat to the personality trails of the individual and can cause physiological and social problems. A very pedestrian definition of stress goes something like this "stress is feeling bad due to troubles beyond our control." This includes the only two ideas about stress that are almost universal, that stress is Unpleasant and that it is something that happens. Stress has been defined as the arousal of the mind and body in response to demands made on them. When stressed, the body single mindedly prepares for battle. The adrenal gland speeds up the secretion of adrenaline and the body closes down the 'unnecessary' functions of digestion, tissue repair, and immune system work. There is no single level of stress that is optimal for all people and they are all individual creatures with unique requirements. As such, what is distressing to one may be a joy to another. And even when they agree that a particular event is distressing, people are likely to differ in physiological and psychological responses to it. V. Karthikeyani "Job Stress Management Practices among Employees in Bpo Sector" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31678.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/organizational-behaviour/31678/job-stress-management-practices-among-employees-in-bpo-sector/v-karthikeyani
The article discusses the importance of employee engagement for organizational
and business performance through the prism of ergonomics. The issues that are
discussed in this paper comprise the modest contribution that ergonomics as a
discipline has made. The relevance of workplace health and ergonomics work relate
with that of participation, safety culture and further implications for participatory
ergonomics approaches. Based on recently published conceptual framework that
recognises the dynamic and multi-dimensional nature of safety culture, the paper
highlights the due significance demanded by ergonomics and that which is equally
ignored by top management. The paper concludes by considering the much needed
empirical survey on this issue in almost all industries and prompt action being taken
to implement it. Also, the paper gives a glimpse of various approaches for an
empirical study, within an organisation which is noted as important to the success of
ergonomics projects
A Study on the Occupational Stress of IT Employees of Coimbatore District Wor...ijtsrd
Background and Objectives Occupational stress is commonly defined as the harmful physical and emotional responses that occur when the demands of the job exceed the capabilities, needs or resources of the worker. The main aim of the study was to find out the occupational stress of IT employees who are working from home. Research Design and Samples The research design adopted by the researcher is descriptive in nature. Snow ball Sampling method was adopted and the sample size was 60 consisting of both male and female belonging to Coimbatore district. Tools of data collection Self structured Interview Schedule was used by the researcher to obtain Socio demographic data. Occupational stress index OSI developed by A.K. Srivastava and A.P. Singh was used to find out the occupational stress level of IT employees. This study conclude that 16.7 of the respondents are moderate level of occupational stress, 70.0 of the respondents are good level of occupational stress and 13.3 of the respondents are poor level of occupational stress. Ms. Monika. T | Dr. Agnes Febiola. X "A Study on the Occupational Stress of IT Employees of Coimbatore District Working from Home" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50275.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/50275/a-study-on-the-occupational-stress-of-it-employees-of-coimbatore-district-working-from-home/ms-monika-t
A STUDY ON JOB STRESS AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEES PERFORMANCEIAEME Publication
The employees in the organization are under a great deal of stress and due to many antecedents of stress such as overload, role ambiguity, role conflict, responsibility for people, participation, lack of feedback, keeping up with rapid technological change. Outcomes of this among the employees are stress on job performance. The physical and psychology demands of workers in the organization make them more vulnerable to high level of stress. This study investigated and evaluated the job stress and its effect on job performance among the employees in the organization.
Job analysis & Job design function of HRM helps the organization to identify the skills that are required to the employee to perform .Job design helps in motivating the employee to give the performance
Training and development improve the skills of the employee and decreases the mistakes in job. It in turn develops the productivity
of the organization
Human resource planning is one of the HRM functions. This function plays a vital role in planning the right number of work force in right time and in right place.
Perception of a person differs based on situation , based on objects etc., managers has to understand perception of individual for giving tasks, team building ,performance of an employee
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A Comparative Study of Occupational
Stress among Employees of It Sector - With
Specific Reference to Hyderabad City
Dr. K. Sunanda
(Associate professor)
Abstract: Stress is the feeling of being under too much mental or emotional pressure. Many of our life demands
can cause stress, especially at work place. Occupational stress is stress related to one’s job, often stems from
unexpected responsibilities and pressures that do not align with a person’s knowledge, skills or expectations
inhibiting one’s ability to cope.
Occupational stress in IT employees is very high as they spend most of their productive time at work. Moreover,
they are constantly assailed with lots of work pressures to perform effectively with tight time deadlines, shifts in
work and, rapid technological changes are some of the causes for stress. Occupational stress is a recognized
killer and a major contributor to work sickness. Organizations are getting anxious of stress to overcome bad
effects of it such as increase absenteeism, increase in turnover, low productivity etc., and finding ways to
manage it properly.
The present study is an endeavour to identify factors causing occupational stress, Strain and coping resources
adopted among employees of IT sector. The role of demographic variables gender, age, marital status, income,
organization, experience, designation and income has been discussed. A comparison of occupational stress
levels between MNC’S and Domestic IT companies has been made. The results of the research has practical
implications that may help organizations to understand the key factors that are causing occupational stress and
adopt coping strategies accordingly for employees of IT sector. This will not only contribute for Employee and
Organization development but also lead to a stress free working environment.
Keywords: Occupational stress, IT employees, IT sector.
I. INTRODUCTION
Stress has become the 21st century buzzword from the high prevailing corporate echelons to the
bassinets of teaching infants” nurseries we find this world liberally used. Stress has become a common part of
modern life. Urbanization, industrialization and the increase in the scale of operations in society are some of the
reasons for raising stress. It is an inevitable consequence of socioeconomic complexity and to some extent, its
stimulant as well. People experience stress as they can no longer have complete control over what happens in
their lives. The speed at which change is taking place in the world today is certainly overwhelming and breath-
taking. In the fast changing world of today, no individual is free from stress and no profession is stress free.
Everyone experiences stress whether it is within the family, business, organization, study, work or any other
social or economic activity. Thus, in modern time, stress in general and job stress in particular has become part
of the life and has received considerable attention in recent years.
Occupational Stress
Occupational stress is stress involving work. According to the current world health organizations
(WHO) definition,” Occupation or work related stress is the response people may have when presented with
work demands and pressures that are not matched to their knowledge and abilities and which challenge their
ability to cope. Occupational related stress among working people were drastically increasing worldwide. Stress
at work has become an integral part of everyday life and is referred as ‘Worldwide epidemic’.
Occupational Stress among IT Employees
An increasing number of IT professionals have been finding difficult to handle occupational stress.
According to experts ‘An Occupational hazard “the stress related to work needs to be addressed without delay,
as it leads to Burnout. Currently managing a team of software professional working on a crucial database
project, the software professionals spend nearly 12 hours every day in front of the system to make sure the
targets are met. As an employee gains experience in the IT industry they are endowed with more responsibilities
that involve working under strict deadlines, managing more people from business units and reworking on
millions of lines of code to suit the changing patterns of client requirements.
Scope of the study
The scope of the study covers IT companies in Hyderabad city. The reason for this is that it is an
emerging information technology hub in India. Hi tech city is the major Hi-tech business district which is one of
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the leading information technology hubs of India. The technology township is also known as CYBERABAD.
The area comprises of it parks such as L&T Infocity, Hi-tech city SEZ, Mind space, Cyberabad SEZ, Tech
Mahindra IT SEZ, TCS synergy park, SEZ’s of Infosys, Wipro and APIIC built to suit campuses of several
major IT companies.
Limitations of the study
1. The findings of the study are totally based on the responses of the sample to which the questionnaire is
administered.
2. The study does not asses all the factors responsible for occupational stress but only addresses specific
factors that are causing occupational stress.
3. The Data were gathered from only one place, (i.e.) Hyderabad city in India
II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Hans selye (1955) 6
defined stress as” The non-specific response of the body to any demand placed
upon it. One of his most significant modern theories of psychological stress was printed in 1956; in a book “The
stress of life” stated that the term “stress” was used to explain physical and psychological responses to difficult
situations. Seyle explained the concept of stress using the conditions for distress (bad stress) and eustress (good
stress). The degree of insistence is basic in Seyle’s clarification of distress. (Le Fevered etal, 2003)7
. Distress
stand for either too much or too little insist.
Seyle investigated the physiological reactions of stress, as a distracted response of the body to any
insists made upon it. He defined stressor as any incentive that reasons a stress response. If the stimulus does not
decrease, a stress –response the supposed general-adaptation-syndrome results, which has distinct stages (Seyle,
1956)8
.
Alarm reaction- Living being exposed to a stimulus that it has not modified to act in response by
going into a stage dominated by an upset response finally leads to another rejoinder in which the organism
begins to counteract the initial alarm reaction.
Stage of resistance – The organism has made to order to the stressor stimulus and any indication
improves.
Stage of Exhaustion—It is the stage when the stressor has been particularly harsh and long –drawn the
symptoms come back and the organism becomes tired.
Cummins R (1990) 69
suggested role conflict and ambiguity, work overload, underutilization of skills,
resource inadequacy and lack of participation as the main stressors at work.”
singh AP and singh B (1992) 70
A study on “Stress and strain among Indian middle managers”. Study
was done on 400 middle– level managers of Bokaro steel plant to fill out role stress and job anxiety
questionnaires. Their result showed that high anxiety employee’s showed positive relationship with role stress.
McDonald and Korabik (1991) 71
in a study titled “Sources of stress and ways of coping among male and
female managers studied stress and coping among managers.10 male managers in a low stress group and 10
female managers in a high stress group described stressful work related situations that they had experienced and,
how they coped with them. A structured work stress questionnaire was used to assess additional type of
stressors. It was found that women were more likely than men because that prejudice and discrimination at work
and family interference were sources of stress.
Biswas (1998) 72 studied the relationship between “Lifestyle stressors and organizational effectiveness
“. He collected data from 160 managers, 47 supervisors and 50 workers of public sector organization. His results
showed that stress caused by performance, threat and frustration led to low degree of organizational
commitment.
Occupational stress among IT personnel in Singapore –A study by Lim and Alan (1999) 73
analyzed
the factors which generated stress among information personnel resources in Singapore. Lack of career
advancement, workload, Risk taking, decision –making, employee morale, workload and organizational culture
were identified as broad categories of stressors “.
In a study by Vijayalakshmi and Meti A (2000) 74
, found that non-executive employee’s exhibited
signs of significantly higher occupational stress than executives on such dimensions as role conflict, political
pressure, poor peer relations and job responsibility.
Mishra and Rani DL (2001) 75
conducted a study on “Occupational stress among women in emerging
services”. Data was collected from 39 young and 23 old doctors as well as 50 young and 32 old nurses. Their
results show that older doctors and nurses experienced more role stagnation and found their job less stressful.
On the other hand, young doctors and nurses felt greater personal inadequacy and hence experienced greater
stress at work “.
Dr. K.Jawahar Rani and R.Muzhumati (2012)107
noted that women professionals were greatly
dependent on work family conflict and flexible work schedules produced positive benefits for employees in a
study titled “Examining the relationship between work family conflict and organizational role stress on life
satisfaction among women professionals in Chennai city”.
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Keshavchandran etal (2012)108
noticed that musculo-skeletal disorders, psycho social problems and
ocular disorders are the health problems identified among software professionals in a study on ”Working
conditions and health among employees at information technology-enabled services: A review of current
evidence”. They suggested with the implementation programs such as Health education, Ergonomics and
Training of personnel to prevent and overcome psycho-social problems and morbidity among employees in
software industry
Objectives of the study
To identify the factors that contribute for the occupational stress experienced by the IT professionals in
select IT companies
To examine the difference in occupational stress levels between employees’ in multinational and
Domestic IT companies
Research Hypotheses
The following hypotheses are framed for research.
H₀1: There is no significant relationship between determinant factors and occupational stress
experienced by the employees.
H01a:- There is no significant relationship between occupational role stressors and occupational stress
experienced by the employees.
H01b: There is no significant relationship between Personal strain and occupational stress
H01c: There is no significant relationship between Personal resources and occupational stress
H₀2: There is no significant difference in level of occupational stress experienced between employees
of MNC’S and Domestic IT companies.
Limitations of the study
1. The findings of the study are totally based on the responses of the sample to whom the questionnaire is
administered.
2. The study does not asses all the factors responsible for occupational stress but only addresses specific
factors that are causing occupational stress.
3. The Data were gathered from only one place, (i.e.) Hyderabad city.
III. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY
Osipow and Spokane (1984) 36
have developed a model of stressors, stress, and coping that appear to
be more suitable to the professional employees. The present study instrumentation is adopted from the
occupational stress inventory–revised (OSI-R). This model is used to integrate sources of work stressors, the
resultant stress and coping resources with a classification system that facilitates it to use as a research
instrument. The instrument is divided into three questionnaires.
1. Occupational role stressors: has six dimensions Role overload, Role insufficiency, Role ambiguity, Role
boundary, Responsibility and Physical environment
2. Personal strain : has Vocational strain, Psychological strain, Interpersonal strain and Physical strain
3. Personal resource: has Recreation, Self-care, Social support and Rational /Cognitive
IV. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
1. Tools for data collection - Primary and Secondary sources
2. Questionnaire Design
3. Sample design
4. Reliability and Validation of scales
5. Statistical tools used
Tools for Data Collection
Sources of Primary and Secondary Data
Information elicitation instruments Descriptions
Primary:
Questionnaires
Structured questionnaires which
distributed to respondents and
collected.
Secondary:
Literature study
(internet and hard copy& an archival records
Company websites, Journals etc.,
Questionnaire Design
The questionnaires to be used for this research are structured under five categories in order to measure
occupational stress of employees: Demographic variables, Occupational role stress, Personal strain and Personal
resources.
1. Part A: Demographic Profile
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2. Part B: Occupational role stressors, Personal Strain and Personal resources
Sample Design
Study population: The population for this study is employees of IT companies in Hyderabad who are working
in the select IT companies.
Sampling technique: The sampling technique applied for the research is Stratified Random sampling
technique.
Sample Size
The occupational stress among employees of IT sector survey sample is calculated based on formula
for sample size calculation, which is depicted below: n= (Zs/0.05)/2
Where: n=the sample size required, Z= 95% confidence level is taken which is equivalent to z score of 1.96
s= standard deviation of the pilot test (.85), e= is tolerable error .05 is taken
In this study the variables are measured using 5-point Likert scale, the highest 5 and lowest 1. So, that we have
to decide how much error on each scale of 1to 5.
n= (1.96*.86/0.05))2
n= 1200
Proportionate allocation of Respondents
Company Name Total population Sample population
TCS 2700 194
Wipro 2000 240
Infotech 3000 360
C4i technologies 976 126
Mindsoft computech 800 156
Impec soft 700 124
Total population 10,076 1200
Occupational stress measures
Sub-scales Dimensions Individual Items
Occupational
role stressors
Role
overload
1. Different tasks in little time
2. Increasing Responsibilities
3. Tasks never been trained
4. Have to work at home
5. Tight time dead lines
6. Need help to deal demands
Role
insufficiency
7. Career progressing
8. Job fits my skills and interests
9. Bored with the job
10. Talents are used well
11. Job has good future
12. Learn new skills
13. Perform tasks below ability
Role
ambiguity
14. Supervisor provides useful feed back
15. I know tasks o be performed first
16. I know where to begin the project
17. Supervisor wants one thing and asks for another
18. Priorities are clear
19. Know the basis on which I am evaluated
Role
boundary
20. More than one person telling what to do
21. I know where I fit in organization
22. Supervisor has conflicting ideas about me
23. It is clear who really runs the things
24. Frequently disagree with individuals at other departments
Responsibilit
y
25. Deal with more people during the day
26. Job responsibility for activities of others
27. Consequences of my mistake can be pretty bad
28. I worry about people work with me
29. I am responsible for welfare of subordinates
30. Worry about meeting job responsibilities
Physical 31. Have erratic work schedule
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environment32. Work all by myself
Personal
Strain
Vocational
Strain
33. Don’t seem able to get
34. Getting behind in my work
35. Quality of my work is good
36. Find my work interesting
37. I make errors in work
Psychologica
l Strain
38. Easily irritated
39. I have been depressed
40. Trouble falling asleep
41. I Respond to situations later
42. I have good sense of humor
Interpersonal
strain
43. Wish to spend more time with friends
44. I do things by myself instead with other people
45. I quarrel with member of the family
46. Need time to myself
47. Worried about how others view me
48. Have been withdrawing from people lately
Physical
Strain
49. Unplanned weight gains
50. Eating habits are erratic
51. Have aches and pains
Personal
resources
Recreation 52. When need vacation I take one
53. Able to do what I want in free time
54. On weekends I spend on things enjoy most
55. I set aside time for things I really enjoy
56. I frequently think about work while relaxing
57. I spend lot of free time on hobbies
Self-care 58. I am careful about diet
59. I get regular check ups
60. I practice relaxation techniques
Social
support
61. At least one sympathetic person with whom I can discuss my concerns
62. I feel I have at least one good friend
63. I have help for important things that have to be done
64. I feel that there are other jobs
65. I could do besides my current job
66. I can establish my priorities for use of my time able to stick to my priorities
Rational
/Cognitive
67. I have techniques to help to avoid being distracted
68. I use systematic approach when faced with problem
69. To take decisions I think through consequences of choices I might make
Reliability of Variables Reliability of entire items
Variables Cronbach’s
Alpha
Number
of
Items
Occupationalrole
stressors
.850 32
Personal strain .764 19
Personal
resources
.751 18
Statistical tools used
To analyze the data both descriptive and inferential statistics are used.
Descriptive: Percentages, Mean , Standard Deviation
Testing for relationship between variables: Pearson correlation and Chi-square independence statistics
F-VALUES: The mean difference on given study variables are examined to know variations.
Associative relationships between IDVs and DV : REGRESSION ANALYSIS
It is used to explain the variation in the level of occupational stress (DV) based on the variation over the
independent variables, Occupational role stressors, Personal strain and Personal resources. Therefore, the
multiple regression equation becomes:
Y =a +b1x1+ b2x2 – b3x3
Cronbach’s Alpha Number of Items
.964 69
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Where:
Y= the value of the dependent variable (occupational stress)
a= is the constant or intercept
b1= is the Slope, regression coefficient (Beta coefficient) for X1
X1=First independent variable that is explaining the variance in Y
b2= is the Slope, regression coefficient (Beta coefficient) for X2
X2= Second independent variable that is explaining the variance in Y
b3= is the Slope, regression coefficient (Beta coefficient) for X3
X3= Third independent variable that is explaining the variance in Y
V. FINDINGS OF THE STUDY
Correlation analysis: Determinant variables& occupational stress
The objective of the study is to examine the relationships between the independent variables and
occupational stress. These variables are: Occupational role stressors, Personal strain and Personal resource
.Whether there is a relationship between these factors and total occupational stress Pearson correlation
coefficient analysis is performed, because correlation establishes a relationship between two variables.
Hypothesis Testing
Hypotheses
H01: There is no significant relationship between Occupational stress and Occupational role stressors, Personal
strain and Personal resources
H01a: There is no significant relationship between Occupational role stressors and Personal strain
H01b: There is no significant relationship between occupational role stressors and Personal resources
Ho1c: There is no significant relationship between Personal strain and Personal resources
Hypotheses testing were carried out at 99% confidence level: two tailed. Hypothesis testing was
performed to know if there is correlation between variables and occupational stress.
Table 7: Correlation Matrix among Variables (Alpha .01)
ORS
PS PR Total OS
ORS
Correlation
Sig(2-
tailed)
N
1
1000
.765** -
.634**
.849**
PS
Correlation
Sig(2-
tailed)
N
- .651**
.867**
PR
Correlation
Sig(2-
tailed)
N
1
1000
-.723
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TotalOS
Correlation
Sig(2-
tailed)
N
.849**
1000
.867**
1000
-.723**
1000
1
1000
Table 11: Model summary table
Variables
Mean Std dev R R
square
Adjusted
R square
Std err of
the
estimate
Sample
Size
Occupational role
stressors
3.73
.634 .945 .893 .892
.356
1000
Personal strain 3.45
.568
Personal Resource
2.14 .453
Table 12: ANOVA Results of the model fit
Model Sum of
squares
df Mean square F Sig
Regression 1571.387 4 1128.543 1.903 .000
Residual 165.762 994 40.55
Total 2637.049 998
Predicator: Occupational role stressors, Strain, Personal Resource
Table 13: The coefficient Table (rate of range)
Model Unstandardized
coefficients
Standarized
Coefficient
s
Beta
t Sig
β Std err
(Constant)
Occupational
stress
-.633
.060
-
22.1
9
.000
Occupational role
stressors
.391
.029
.191 8.56
9
.000
Personal Strain .301
.022
.149 6.68
8
.000
Personal Resources -.231
.022
-.136 -
5.67
0
.000
Y = a + b1x1 +b2x2- b3X3
OS = -0.633 + .391X1 + .301X2 – .231 X3
Where, Y = Occupational stress, X1= Occupational role stressors, X2= Personal Strain, X3 =Personal resources,
OS = occupational stress
Table 14 Summarization of Regression weights
Null hypothesis Estimate of
regression
weight
Sig Decision Strength
Of relationship
Inference
There is no
significant
relationship between
.391 .000 Ho is
rejected
R2 is of
variation is
explained by
When
Occupational role
stressors goes up
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Occupational role
stressors and
occupational stress
IV’s
Strong
relationship
exists
by 1,
Occupational
stress goes up by
.319
There is no
significant
relationship between
Personal strain and
Occupational stress
.310
.000 Ho is
rejected
When Personal
strain goes up by
1, occupational
stress goes up by
.310
There is no
significant
relationship between
Personal resource
and occupational
stress
-.231 .000 H0 is
rejected
When Personal
resource goes up
by 1
Occupational
stress goes down
by.231
Objective 2
To examine the difference in occupational stress levels between employees’ in Multinational and Domestic
IT companies
H₀2: There is no significant difference in level of occupational stress experienced between employees of
MNC’S and Domestic IT companies
There is significant association of demographic variables with occupational stress in both MNC’S and
Domestic IT companies
Table 28: Correlation Matrix results in MNC’S IT companies
ORQ
PSQ PRQ Total OS
ORQ
Correlation
Sig(2-
tailed)
1
.705**
.000
-.614**
.000
.800**
.000
PSQ
Correlation
Sig(2-
tailed)
- .651**
.000
.734**
.000
PRQ
Correlation
Sig(2-
tailed)
1 -
.614**
.000
TotalOS
Correlation
Sig(2-
tailed)
N
.800**
.000
732
.734**
.000
732
-.614**
.000
732
1
732
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** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed)
Table 29: The table below shows correlation statistics results of Domestic IT companies
There is strong and positive correlation between occupational role stressors and Personal strain with
occupational stress and it is high in Domestic IT companies than MNC’S. Negative correlation is seen for
personal resources and it is less in Domestic IT companies compared to MNC’S.
Table 30: Comparing of MNC’S and Domestic IT companies (using mean &SD)
SECTOR Variables Mean Std. Dev Sample size
MNC’S
Occupational role stressors 3.12 .504 734
Personal strain 3.22 .601 734
Personal resources 3.48 .620 734
Domestic
Occupational role stressors 3.70 .644 268
Personal strain 3.64 .659 268
Personal resources 3.01 .680 268
ORQ
PSQ PRQ Total OS
ORQ
Correlation
Sig(2-
tailed)
1
.765**
.000
-
.634**
.000
.849**
.000
PSQ
Correlation
Sig(2-
tailed)
1 -.700**
.000
.817**
.000
PRQ
Correlation
Sig(2-
tailed)
1 -634**
.000
TotalOS
Correlation
Sig(2-
tailed)
N
.849**
.000
268
.817**
.000
268
-.634**
.000
268
1
268
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Table 31: Unstandardized Regression weights of MNC’S and Domestic IT companies
Description
Estimates , at 95%
MNC’S p- value Domestic p-value
Constant -1.174 -2.673
Occupational
stress
Occupational role
stressors
.298 .000 .319 .000
Personal strain .316 .000 .328 .000
Personal Resources -.490 .000 -.221 .000
The regression weights of variables reveal that Occupational role stressors and personal strain is high in
Domestic IT companies and that Personal resources are less than MNC IT companies.
VI. FINDINGS
(a) Occupational role stressors analysis
The respondent’s response survey shows that under Role overload dimension majority of the
respondents agree that different tasks are given in little time (58%), have increasing responsibilities (63%) and
have to work under tight time deadlines (59%).Under role insufficiency most of the respondents agree that
Career is not progressing as hoped (60%), bored with the job (62%) and has to perform tasks below ability
(52.3%). Employees have role ambiguity as the superior do not provide useful feedback about performance
(66%), priorities are not clear (80%) and do not know on what basis they are being evaluated (66.1%). In role
boundary dimension most of the respondents agree that superior has conflicting ideas about them(51.4% ) and
more than one person telling what to do(53.3%).Under Responsibility dimension most of the employees agree
that they worry about meeting job response (57.7%), has job responsibilities for activities of others (56.5%). In
Physical environment dimension most of the employees feel that they have erratic work schedule (58.3%) and
has to work all by themselves (61.6%).
From the above findings it is suggested that companies has to concentrate on employee’s roles,
responsibilities, superior behavior towards the employee and the entire above mentioned role stressors which
can decrease occupational stress and increase employees job performance.
(b) Personal strain survey
Under vocational strain dimension majority of the employee agree that they are getting behind in work
(54.2%) and they are making errors in work (55.8%). In Psychological strain dimension most of the employees
agree that they are been depressed (57.9%), they easily get irritated (52.8%) and have trouble falling asleep
(57.5%). In Interpersonal strain majority of employees agree that they wish more time to spend with close
friends (61.5%), they need time for themselves and sometimes quarrel with members of the family (49.5%).
Under Physical strain dimension majority of employees agree that their eating habits are erratic (58.7%) and
they have aches and pains (61.6%).
From the above findings companies are suggested that employees are having high level of occupational
stress so we conclude that the coping strategies to overcome Occupational stress are not sufficiently provided to
the employees by the companies. Hence, they are suggested to provide necessary coping strategies before the
stress leads to Burnout.
(c) Personal Resource survey
Under recreation dimension majority of the respondents agree that when they need vacation they take
one (56.9%), they are not able to do what they want in free time (52%), they frequently think about work while
relaxing (55.9%).Under Self-care dimension majority of the employees agree that they are careful about diet
(39%), not able to go for regular check-ups (56.5%) and for practicing relaxation techniques (58.7%).Under
Social support dimension majority of the employees agree that they need help for important things to do
(55.4%), could not establish priorities for use of time and stick to the priorities (67%).Under Rational /Cognitive
dimension majority of the employees agree that to take decisions they think through consequences of choices
(53.7%).
From the above findings companies are suggested that employees should be provided time for
relaxation techniques, regular health check-ups. Employees should be given vacations or a break from their
regular work and hectic schedule which will help in overcoming occupational stress.
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It was hypothesized that there were no relationship between determinant variables (Personal role
stressors, Personal strain and Personal resources and occupational stress. Pearson correlation coefficient was
employed to test the hypotheses. The result of hypotheses testing show the relationship between occupational
stress and occupational role stressors and Personal strain is positive, strong and significant at the 0.01 level 2-
tailed. Relationship between occupational stress and Personal resources is negative and significant at the 0.01
level 2-tailed. Relationship is observed as: Occupational role stressors(r= .849) Personal strain(r= .867) and
Personal resources(r= -.723). This means the increment in Personal role stressor and Personal strain would
correspond to increase in occupational stress and the increment in Personal resources would correspond to
decrease in occupational stress.
The F-test values indicate the relationship between determinant factors and occupational stress is
significant. Therefore, the dimensions that are taken for study of Occupational role stressors i.e., Role overload,
Role insufficiency, Role boundary, Responsibility and Physical environment are to be managed well by the
companies according to the employee needs. Dimensions for Personal strain are Vocational strain,
Psychological strain, Interpersonal strain and Physical strain and Dimensions for Personal resources are
Recreation, Self- Care, Social support and Rational /Cognitive are significantly related to occupational stress
The results of Regression analysis demonstrate that there is effect of the determinant variables (Occupational
role stressors, Personal strain and Personal resources) and Occupational stress. The regression analysis reveals
that the estimate of regression weight. When Occupational role stressor goes by 1 occupational stress goes up by
.319. When Personal strain goes up by 1 occupational stress goes up by .310. When Personal resources goes up
1 occupational stress decreases by .231. This means the greater the variables Occupational role stressors and
Personal strain the greater the occupational stress and variables Personal resources increases occupational stress
decreases. This means when Occupational role stressors and Personal strain are high occupational stress is high
and when Personal resources are high occupational stress is low. The results of regression analysis implies when
Proper care is taken by the companies for variables of Occupational role stressors and Personal strain and
Personal resources are provided to employees occupational stress can be decreased and employees will get
motivated for their work.
Finally, it was hypothesized that the level of occupational stress is different in MNC’S and Domestic
IT companies. The mean score comparison of MNC’S and Domestic IT companies analysis (table 6.89 )shows
that in Domestic IT companies mean score for occupational stress (ORS= 3.70 ,PS=3.64) is little high when
compared to MNC’S mean score(ORS=3.12 , PS =3.22). The results further indicate that Personal resources are
high in MNC’S (PR= 3.48) than Domestic IT companies (PR=3.01). But, both MNC’S and Domestic IT
companies have to concentrate on Occupational role stressors and Personal strain to decrease the occupational
stress among employees and techniques for improving the Personal resources.
VII. SUGGESTIONS
1. Coping strategies provided to the employees should be specific according to the employee’s gender, marital
status, age, experience, designation and income i.e., employee’s demographic characteristics should be
considered.
2. Job roles, responsibilities should be made clear to the employees by conducting regular meetings so that
they are clear about their roles that are to be performed. This can be achieved by conducting weekly,
quarterly, Half-yearly and Annual meetings with the employees. This will reduce role ambiguity increases
role clarity which in turn reduces occupational stress.
3. Facilitation of supportive supervisory behavior, develop a good organization culture, Provide training on
Behavioral attitudes, interpersonal relations, Ethics and Moral values to the employees.
4. Employee assistance programmes are to be conducted where counselling about work-life balance, career
development etc., are given to employees.
5. Employees work for longer hours sitting in front of computer which is causing both physical and mental
strain increasing the occupational stress levels among employees. So, conducting some physical activity
games a little break from routine work, providing gym, relaxation techniques like Yoga and meditation
make the employee to overcome occupational stress.
6. From the study it has been seen that employees at different designations and income showed variations in
occupational stress. It is suggested to provide vacation holidays to the employees to spend time with their
family and friends BASED on stress levels of the employee.
7. Create awareness about balanced intake of food, Diet, Preventive health management like Health
promotion campaigns, Promoting a healthier life style regular health check-ups etc. So, that the effects of
occupational stress will not cause severe health problems. It can be checked prior it reaches to Burnout
symptoms in employees
8. Social support is associated with increased psychological well-being in the work place. In stressful times,
social support helps people reduce symptoms of stress like anxiety, depression etc., Formation of family,
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friends, peers, functional clubs create social integration. These clubs provide informational, emotional, and
companionship support, reduces isolation by improving social support.
Scope for further research
1. Further research can be done by taking some more determinant factors for causes of occupational stress and
its impact on employee engagement, commitment etc., among employees of IT sector.
2. Conducting an in- depth study on the effect of occupational stress on IT employees can be done.
3. The Present study is confined to IT sector only. Further study can focus on other sectors.
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