Malaysian healthcare system
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Malaysia has a two-tier healthcare system consisting of universal public healthcare and private facilities. The government allocates 5% of its social sector budget to public healthcare, maintaining affordable medical services. Primary care costs $0.23-1.17, and seniors/disabled receive free care. Doctors must serve 4 years with public hospitals to ensure coverage. Private facilities are licensed and offer diagnostic/imaging technologies, but costs are higher. Medical tourism is growing due to quality and affordable costs.
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national programme on child health in india
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This document discusses India's child health programs and interventions to reduce child and infant mortality. It provides data on the major causes of child, infant, and neonatal mortality in India. It then describes the various interventions under India's Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child, Adolescent Health and Nutrition strategy to improve outcomes, including programs to promote institutional deliveries and postnatal care, newborn care initiatives, immunization programs, screening children for health conditions, and deworming programs. It concludes by mentioning some newer initiatives such as assured maternal and newborn healthcare services and an initiative to promote ORS and zinc use to reduce diarrheal deaths.National programs dr jason [autosaved]
This document summarizes the key national health programs in India:
1) Universal Immunization Program (UIP) which aims to provide routine immunization and campaigns for polio, measles, and Japanese encephalitis. It oversees vaccine logistics and monitoring.
2) Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) which is a cash incentive program to promote institutional deliveries among low income women. It provides different payment amounts for mothers and ASHAs depending on whether the state is a high performing or low performing one.
3) Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritya Abhiyan (PMSMA) which focuses on improving maternal and child health through various initiatives.
Child health program in Nepal
This document summarizes the child health program in Nepal. It discusses the main medical causes of infant mortality and morbidity, including low birth weight, respiratory infections, diarrhea, and malnutrition. It then outlines Nepal's national immunization program, which aims to increase vaccination coverage and prevent diseases like polio, measles, and tetanus. The program is guided by national health strategies and goals to reduce child mortality and morbidity from vaccine-preventable illnesses. Key activities discussed include vaccinator training, polio campaigns, and integrated disease surveillance.
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National health programmes related to child health and welfare
National health programmes related to child health and welfare
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LOW BIRTH WEIGHT. PRETERM BABIES OR SMALL FOR DATES BABIES
low birth weight presentation. Low birth weight (LBW) infant is defined as the one whose birth weight is less than 2500g irrespective of their gestational age. Premature birth and low birth weight(LBW) is still a serious problem in newborn. Causing high morbidity and mortality rate worldwide. The nursing care provide to low birth weight babies is crucial in promoting their overall health and development. Through careful assessment, diagnosis,, planning, and evaluation plays a vital role in ensuring these vulnerable infants receive the specialize care they need. In India every third of the infant weight less than 2500g.
Birth period, socioeconomical status, nutritional and intrauterine environment are the factors influencing low birth weight
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Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
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Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
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Malaysian healthcare system
- 2. Located in Southeast Asia Population:30 Million Male/Female ratio : 1:1
- 3. Healthcare in Malaysia is mainly under the responsibility of the government's Ministry of Health. Malaysia has a Two tier Healthcare system consisting of both a government-run universal healthcare public system and a co-existing private healthcare system. 5% of the government social sector development budget is allocated for public healthcare RM34 Billion (8 billion € ) yearly. Infant mortality rate –5.4 in 2010 Life expectancy at birth-76 years in 2012
- 4. Public healthcare in Malaysia is heavily subsidised, as the government is determined to maintain medical services at an affordable and accessible level Primary health care costs RM1(0.23€ )for outpatient treatment and RM5(1.17€)for specialist care. Senior citizens and the disabled need not pay for health care. All public hospitals are required to be equipped with the latest in imaging equipment/devices.
- 5. The Malaysian health care system requires doctors to perform a compulsory four years service with public hospitals to ensure that the manpower in these hospitals is maintained. Doctors are required to perform 4 years including 2 years of housemanship and 2 years government service with public hospitals throughout the nation, ensuring adequate coverage of medical needs for the general population.
- 9. Generally located in urban areas. Equipped with the latest diagnostic and imaging facilities. Fee is much higher than that of the public sector. All private healthcare facilities in Malaysia are required to be licensed under the Private Healthcare Facilities and Services Act 1998 and Private Healthcare Facilities and Services Regulations 2006. Thus, patients are assured of optimum quality and safety
- 10. The medical and dental services offered are vast and they cost considerably less than similar ones in neighbouring countries, and are a mere fraction of the prices charged in Europe. This balance of quality and affordability has led to a boom in Medical tourism in recent years.
- 14. Remote areas Islands.
- 15. In January 2011 the Malaysian government launched a program to renew prescriptions via mail. Medicine via Post targets patients with chronic diseases. To be eligible to participate patients have to receive a certification from a pharmacist that their condition is stable and that they understand how to properly use their medication.
- 17. AGE VACCINATION Newborn BCG Hepatitis B - 1st Dose 1 month Hepatitis B - 2nd dose 2 months 1st dose of the following: - DTaP - Hib - IPV 3 months 2nd dose of the following: - DTaP - Hib - IPV 5 months 3rd dose of the following: - DTP - Hib - IPV 6 months Hepatitis B - 3rd dose Measles 10 months Japanese Encephalitis - 1st dose
- 18. AGE VACCINATION 12 months 1st dose: MMR 2nd dose: Japanese Encephalitis 18 months 4th dose of the following: - DTP - IPV - Hib 3rd dose of: Japanese Encephalitis 4 years old 4th dose of Japanese Encephalitis 7 years old - BCG (if no scar) - DT (booster) - 2nd dose of MMR 13 years old HPV - 3 doses within 6 months (2nd dose 1 month after 1st dose, 3rd dose 6 months after 1st dose) 15 years old TT
- 19. BCG: Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (for tubercolosis) DTaP: Diptheria, Tetanus, accellular Pertussis IPV: Inactivated Poliovirus Hib: Haemophilus influenzae b MMR: Mumps, Measles, Rubella DT: Diptheria, Tetanus HPV: Human papillomavirus TT: Tetanus
- 21. Optional Vaccines Pneumococcal (2 months ) Influenza (6 months ) Rotavirus (6 weeks to 6 months) Hepatitis A (10 months ) Chicken pox (12 months )
- 22. Top 3 in International Living’s Top healthcare systems. http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Nation/2014/02/10/Malaysian- healthcare-third-best-worldwide-US-magazine/ Top destinations in Health tourism by CNBC http://www.cnbc.com/id/101487998/page/7 Worlds best hospital for Medical tourism by MTQA http://www.mtqua.org/malaysia-hospital-tops-2013-list/
- 23. http://www.healthworks.my/vaccination s-schedule-malaysia/ http://www.expatgomalaysia.com/articl e/1677/10-private-hospitals-you-should- know-in-kuala-lumpur http://www.mtqua.org/malaysia- hospital-tops-2013-list/ http://www.thestar.com.my/News/Natio n/2014/02/10/Malaysian-healthcare- third-best-worldwide-US-magazine/ http://www.moh.gov.my/