This chapter discusses the importance of putting thinking at the center of education rather than simply delivering content to passive learners. It argues that teachers should focus on identifying key concepts for students to actively engage with, question, and build understanding of, rather than just absorbing materials. Learning occurs through thinking and sense-making, so teachers' goals should be creating opportunities for thinking and making students' thinking visible. Making thinking visible allows teachers to see students' understanding and misconceptions, and gives students insights into their own and others' learning processes. It is an ongoing part of effective teaching.