The document discusses strategies for making teacher explanations stick. It notes that words are ephemeral and pupils from disadvantaged backgrounds have limitations in working memory. Effective teachers spoke for 23 minutes in a 40 minute lesson while ineffective ones spoke for 11 minutes. Strategies to support working memory include building on prior knowledge, using retrieval practice, supporting explanations with diagrams, leaving notes on the board, avoiding distractions, and using anecdotes to illustrate points. The document asks which geography concepts are difficult to explain and how to explain them more clearly.