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Making Teacher
Explanation Stick
Chalk and Talk that works.
Making Teacher Explanation Stick
The Myths
• You should only talk for 10%
of the lesson.
• Pupils only remember X% of
what you say but Y% of what
they do.
• If pupils are listening to you
they aren’t learning.
• Listening is passive and
learning needs to be active.
Making Teacher Explanation Stick
The Experts
• “The problem with explanation is that words are
ephemeral. Once they have been said they are
gone” – Oliver Caviglioli.
• “Pupils from more disadvantaged backgrounds
often have greater limitations in their working
memory” – Professor Becky Allen.
• “Effective teachers spoke for a total of 23 minutes
of a 40 minute lesson. Least effective ones for 11
minutes.” Professor Barak Rosenshine.
Making Teacher Explanation Stick
The Strategies – Support Working Memory
• We are able to remember more about something we already know a little about
• Build on prior knowledge
• include retrieval practice throughout a lesson
• We can take in information on both auditory and visual channels (dual coding)
• Support what you say with diagrams
• Don’t have them read along with what is being read out loud (overwhelms one channel)
• Only use relevant images that aid explanation
• There is a limit to how much information we can hold in our heads
• Outsource working memory by leaving notes and key words on the board
• Avoid distractions – including long tangents
• Think about how much information you need to give at any one time
• The human brain prioritises stories
• Geography is full of stories
• Use anecdotes to illustrate points
Making Teacher Explanation Stick
Which concepts are difficult to explain in geography?
What can we do to explain them more clearly?

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Making teacher explanation stick

  • 2. Making Teacher Explanation Stick The Myths • You should only talk for 10% of the lesson. • Pupils only remember X% of what you say but Y% of what they do. • If pupils are listening to you they aren’t learning. • Listening is passive and learning needs to be active.
  • 3. Making Teacher Explanation Stick The Experts • “The problem with explanation is that words are ephemeral. Once they have been said they are gone” – Oliver Caviglioli. • “Pupils from more disadvantaged backgrounds often have greater limitations in their working memory” – Professor Becky Allen. • “Effective teachers spoke for a total of 23 minutes of a 40 minute lesson. Least effective ones for 11 minutes.” Professor Barak Rosenshine.
  • 4. Making Teacher Explanation Stick The Strategies – Support Working Memory • We are able to remember more about something we already know a little about • Build on prior knowledge • include retrieval practice throughout a lesson • We can take in information on both auditory and visual channels (dual coding) • Support what you say with diagrams • Don’t have them read along with what is being read out loud (overwhelms one channel) • Only use relevant images that aid explanation • There is a limit to how much information we can hold in our heads • Outsource working memory by leaving notes and key words on the board • Avoid distractions – including long tangents • Think about how much information you need to give at any one time • The human brain prioritises stories • Geography is full of stories • Use anecdotes to illustrate points
  • 5. Making Teacher Explanation Stick Which concepts are difficult to explain in geography? What can we do to explain them more clearly?