The document discusses traditional dyeing methods used by the Maguindanaon people of the Philippines. It describes three main methods: vat dyeing, the most common method which involves boiling fabrics in pots of natural dyes; tie-resist dyeing where portions of thread are tied to create patterns before dyeing; and mud dyeing where fabrics are buried in muddy soil to achieve a black color. The Maguindanaon traditionally used plants from their local environment to produce dyes, but now often use synthetic dyes for efficiency.

1. KANGGALANA:
Maguindanaon
Dyeing Methods
By Norolayn K. Said, MST

2. 2
Kanggalana (Dyeing)
 method of
applying colors
to textile
products such
as yarns,
fabrics, and
fibers (cotton,
rayon, linen,
etc.)
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3.  Maguindanaon old
folks have had
used natural
dyeing methods to
shade colors on
their crafts such as
malong (tubular
skirt), tudong (food
cover), sayap (hat),
paypay (fan), and
other handicrafts.
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4.  However, the
present-day
craftsmen already
used synthetic
dyes and
commercially
available thread for
malong due to
costs and
production.
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5. Vat Dyeing
 the most common
method of dyeing
known as kanggalana.
The fabrics are
immersed into the pot
or vat of natural dyes
brought to a boil.
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6.  In preparing the
dyebath, Maguindanaon
craftsperson collected
dye-yielding plants. He
made use of those
plants (leaves, fruits,
seeds, flowers, bark)
available in his
environment.
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7.  Some plants utilized for
dyeing are galuga (Bixa
orellana), kalawag
(Curcuma longa),
kudalang (M.
cochinchinensis),
sibukaw (Caesalpinia
sappan), lipao/talisay
(Terminalia catappa),
maman (Areca catechu),
biaw (Aleurites
moluccana), and others.1/10/2017 7Maguindanaon Dyeing Methods

8.  The parts of plants
were then chopped into
small pieces so that
juice may be extracted.
With enough water, the
mixture was then
brought to a boil.
 Some plants were also
mixed to provide other
desirable colors.
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9. Tie-Resist Dyeing
 locally termed as
binaludan
 It also symbolizes one of
the designs in malong.
 In this method, a pre-
determined pattern is set
aside by tying portions of
the thread with a fiber
treated to resist the dye.
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10.  Then the fabric is soaked
into a dyebath. This is
repeated until the threads
are penetrated with the
desired shades.
 The Maguindanaon
weavers may tie either
the warp or weft threads,
or both.
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11. Mud Dyeing
 is commonly known as
kapetina.
 It is a process in which the
fabric is buried into the
muddy soil to give it a black
color.
 Some plants such as
balansuit (Ludwigia
hyssopifolia) are added to
the soil.1/10/2017 11Maguindanaon Dyeing Methods

12. Acknowledgement to:
 Madam Raquela Pendatun-Magalona
(Maguindanao Tourism Officer)
 Madam Monina Macarongon (Maguindanao
HRMO)
 Madam Lourdes Mastura (School Admin. Sultan
Kudarat Islamic Academy)
 Madam Huddah Salendab (Datu-Piang Tourism
Staff)
 Madam Albaya Balabaran (Al-Jameela Weaving
Center Founder)
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