This document discusses models of curriculum innovation. It describes four main models: the Research, Development and Diffusion model; the Social Interaction model; the Problem-Solving model; and the Teaching Presentation Software Skills model. Each model is summarized, including key steps and strategies used. Examples of presentation software like Google Slides, Microsoft PowerPoint, Visme and Prezi are also provided, along with tips for how teachers can effectively create and present lessons using digital tools.

1. Curriculum Change and Innovation
Assignment Topic: Models Of Curriculum
Innovations
Submitted To: Dr Tnaveer Iqbal
Submitted By: Qurat-Ul-Ain
2nd
Semester
PhD Education
Department Of Education
University Of Lahore

2. Curriculum Innovations
Innovation involves the introduction of something new in curriculum that deviates from the
standard practice, often because society has changed and so must the curriculum. To meet these
changes, innovations are created.
An innovation must fit in with the goals and objectives of education which usually reflect the
needs, interests, values and problems of the society. An innovation must be appropriate,
economical in terms of time, space and resources and be aligned with the philosophy of the society
and the school, and rooted in sound educational theory.
Models of Curriculum Innovation
Various scholars have proposed different models of innovation. For instance, Ronald Havelock
(1969) identified three main models of innovation:
 Research, Development, and Diffusion (RD&D) model
 Social Interaction (SI) model
 Problem-Solving (PS) model
 Teaching presentation software skills.
The Research, Development and Diffusion (RD&D) Model
In this model, an idea or practice is conceived at the central planning unit and then fed into the
system. RD&D is effective where curriculum development is done on a large scale and ideas have
to reach wide geographical areas and isolated users. It is a highly organized, rational approach to
innovation. Following is a logical sequence of activities in using the RD&D model:
 basic research by a central project team which develops a new curriculum devises and designs
prototyped materials,
 field trials of the prototyped materials and redesign them where necessary,
 mass production of the modified prototyped materials,
 mass dissemination or diffusion of the innovation through courses, conferences, and workshops,
and
 implementation of the innovation by the users (school, teachers, and pupils).
The model can be summarized as follows:
This model is used in areas that have centralized systems of education, such as universities or
departments of education.
RESEARCH
DEVELIPM
ENT OF
OROTOTYP
E
MASS
PRODUC
TION
MASS
DIFFUSIO
N
USER

3. The Social Interaction (SI) Model
The model grew out of the progressive education movement in the 1930s when it split into two
camps: one that focused on the individual student as a learner and the other on society as an
education laboratory (Ellis, 2004). This view sees students as capable of reforming society with
support from leadership to provide a curriculum that may become “a classroom without walls” and
a community where students and teachers can ultimately change the world (Ellis, 2004)
This model operates through social interaction and emphasizes communication. It stresses the
importance of interpersonal networks of information, opinion of leadership, personal contacts, and
social integration. The model also has its roots in the notion of democratic communities “helping
students to be as well as to become.” (Sergiovanni, 1994).
The SI model also stresses the relationship of the individual to other people and society, and the
instructional methods used by teachers in the classroom to facilitate group work. The model is
student-centered, and students are encouraged to interact with each other in a structured setting.
When implementing this strategy, students often serve as facilitators of content and help their peers
construct meaning. The students are to question, reflect, reconsider, seek help and support, and
participate in group discussions. The three most common strategies include:
 group projects,
 group discussions, and
 cooperative learning (Patel, 2013).
The interactions are often face-to-face but may also be interactive using online tools and
technologies. The steps of instruction using social interaction often vary, but they have these steps:
The Problem Solving (PS) Model
The PS model is based on the assumption that innovation is part of a problem-solving process. The
following steps are characteristic of the PS model.
The PS model is referred to as a “periphery-center” approach to innovation. The innovations are
initiated, generated, and applied by the teachers and schools based
on their needs. Such innovations have strong user commitment and the best chance for long term
survival.
The instructor gives
an introduction
Students
work in
team
Students negotiate,
explain concepts to
eachother while the
teacher monitors
their work
Students assess
their individual
and group
work
Learner
break
into
groupd
and
teacher
continu
e
to
moniter

4. In this model, the receiver is actively involved in finding an innovation to solve their own unique
problem. The model is flexible enough to encompass all types of innovations, including materials,
methods, and groupings of learners.
Thus, the PS model is local in nature, usually limited in size, and may not be of high quality
compared with more centralized approaches to curriculum development.
The following STEM and STEAM initiatives incorporate innovative strategies to promote
problem-solving as part of the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics curriculums.
Teaching Presentation Software Skills:
As a teacher, you need presentation software to keep your students engaged, and you need to be
able to use it between remote classes, a busy schedule, and limited resources, you should not settle
for presentation software that is difficult to set up and use.
Presentation Software helps users organize information in a slideshow format and present that
slideshow to an audience. It comes with tools and templates to add information in the form of text,
images, audio, video, and graphs. Presentation software can help educators, teacher bring their
lessons, lectures to life.
Google Slides:
Google drive, or any other google workspace tools, you are probably already familiar with google
slides. Google’s signature simplicity of design and user friendliness makes Google slides an ideal
choice for educational professionals.
Google slides is web-based, meaning that teachers can access it from any device with an internet
browser. Google slides is also completely free and allows users to import , edit and export
Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation.
Microsoft PowerPoint:
Microsoft’s signature presentation software, PowerPoint, Has become a name synonymous with
computer presentations since the software was first launched in 1987. PowerPoint is highly related
by teachers. Many schools are equipped with machines powered by Microsoft windows, and users
who are familiar with the Windows OS should feel right at home navigating PowerPoint. Microsoft
has been iterating and improving PowerPoint for three decades now, so it is one of the most feature-
rich presentation tools available.
PowerPoint presentations are often utilized by teachers during lectures, which is why there are
many resources available online to provide them with the best strategies to create and present these
presentations in their classes.
Creating a p PowerPoint presentation on a historical events or another academic topic, students
generally memorize the given material better as they need to draw the key points and facts from
it.

5. A teacher can use to spruce up their presentations and make them an effective teaching tool:
Highlight a take home message. A PowerPoint Presentation should be simple and not distracting,
Add pictures and videos, make it fun.
PowerPoint allows presenters to translate complex ideas, facts, or figures into easily digestible
visuals. Visual presentations of information activate the right hemisphere of the brain, which
allows viewers to interpret and exchange with what they are seeing.
How do teachers give presentations?
1. give lots of thought to your Visual Aids: because it decrease learning, improve
comprehension, and increase retention. They are critical for teachers. Don’t simply ass
visuals as a quick after-thought. Be thoughtful about the ways movie clips, and GIFs can
enhance the content. Keep in mind that entertainment value is just as important as a visual
aids ability to support your argument. Students who are entertained will also retain your
lesson.
2. Don’t read from the slides: one of the biggest presentation mistakes teachers make is
reading directly from the slides. Not only is this incredibly boring for anyone to sit through
but also its an ineffective way to teach.
3. Tell a Story: storytelling is one of many presentation tips used by speakers across all
industries. Telling a story with your content will make your lesson more compelling. It’s a
whole lot easier for your students to remember details from a story.
4. Simplify your topic: its easy to share a ton of details about a topic that you know everything
about. Its hard for your audience to understand it all. Edit your lessons down to one main
idea per slide. Don’t worry about high slide counts, worry about how easy your topic is for
your audience to understand.
5. Keep telling them what they’re learning: all of your presentation tips revolve around our
method: tell your audience what you are going to say, say it , then tell them what you just
said. This works well on student audiences. Introducing, delivering and reiterating a topic
helps solidify it in tip is found in nearly all high-quality presentations.
6. Show your personality: conversational speech will make you an effective teacher. Take
time to get to know your students and their parents. Avoid using formal language that will
make you appear distant. Crack a bad joke or two make you more relatable and show some
personality.
Visme:
Visme is a Maryland-based online visual design tool designed to handle everything from animation
to infographics, and of course, presentation. It is entirely browser-based, so teachers can use it
from any internet-connected device, from smartphones to tablets. Teachers find Visme versatile
and easy to use, and appreciate the responsiveness of the support team when they have question.
Visme is everything you need to create beautiful content. Its one tool to design, store and share
your content. One tool that gives you all the templates, graphics, assets you need. And the place to

6. get free educational content build to given non-designers the resources to become amazing visual
communications.
Main featres of the visme is templates, Presentations 1000+ layouts and themes, charts & Maps
get data visualization ideas, social Media Graphics Browse templates for every information,
Documents Templates for every business document, Infographics Find the right format for your
information, Videos and GIFs find perfect template.
Visme creating presentation with Brainstorming, define story, create an outline, create a project,
choose template, develop a theme, choose color scheme and find the right images.
Prezi:
Prezi is a presentation app known mostly for its type of zoom navigation and a slideless design.
The core concept of creating a presentation with Prezi is that all sections are connected and the
presenter or teacher can zoom and navigate between them seamlessly. Prezi is differ from
traditional presentation programs like Microsoft PowerPoint and Apple Keynote in that it is not
based on slides.
Prezi in the classroom will feature lesson plans that are standards-aligned, sources cited, and
include creative assignments that encourage students to demonstrate and show their skills as
creator.
Using visuals and movements instead of static text, Prezi catches and keeps your student’s interest.
Jump freely topic to topic, focusing on the material you want to cover. Its unique format is that
show the whole story in context, displaying relationships between ideas in ways slides just can’t.
any subject is easier to remember when it all makes more sense. Students have the ability to be
collaborators in Prezi. This process can get students more engaged in actively constructing
knowledge.

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