The document provides an overview of the financial system and its key components. It discusses how financial markets and institutions help channel funds from savers to borrowers, allowing for investment and economic growth. It then covers the major types of financial markets and instruments, including debt vs equity markets, primary vs secondary markets, money markets, capital markets, and derivatives. It also discusses the internationalization of financial markets through foreign bonds, Eurobonds, and Eurocurrencies.
This document discusses different types of investments and the investment environment. It defines investment in both economic and finance terms and outlines key concepts like direct vs indirect investment, equity vs debt investment, and short vs long term investment. The document also covers different types of securities like stocks, bonds, derivatives, and more high or low risk options. Overall, the document provides an overview of various investment vehicles and considerations within the investment environment.
This document discusses different methods for evaluating portfolio performance:
- Portfolio managers evaluate performance to identify strengths and weaknesses and improve strategies. Evaluation provides feedback in the final stage of the investment process.
- Sharpe's index measures risk-adjusted return by comparing the portfolio's excess return over the risk-free rate to the total risk in the portfolio. A higher index indicates better performance.
- Treynor's index also measures risk-adjusted return but uses systematic risk (beta) rather than total risk. A higher Treynor index means more risk premium earned per unit of market risk.
- Jensen's alpha measures the excess return of a portfolio above what would be predicted by the security's beta. A positive alpha
This document provides an overview and introduction to managerial finance. It defines finance and identifies its three main areas as financial markets, financial services, and managerial finance. It also outlines seven key learning goals, such as defining finance and describing the role of the financial manager. The document discusses different business organizations, the relationship between finance, economics, and accounting. It emphasizes that the goal of a firm is to maximize shareholder wealth and examines ideas like EVA and stakeholder theory. The agency problem between managers and owners is also introduced.
This document provides an introduction to investment terminology and concepts. It defines key terms like finance, investment, investor, and differentiates investment from speculation and gambling. It also outlines the major participants in the financial system including households, businesses, governments, banks, insurers, pension funds, and mutual funds. Finally, it describes different types of financial securities and markets.
18 years
Wife: 25 years
3. Expected income growth rate: 10%
4. Inflation rate: 7%
5. Life expectancy: 80 years
Calculation:
1. Current annual income: Rs. 6,00,000
2. Income after 18 years (when child becomes independent): Rs. 16,00,000 (considering 10% annual growth)
3. Income needed after 18 years adjusted for inflation: Rs. 35,00,000 (considering 7% annual inflation)
4. Number of years of income needed after child becomes independent: 62 years (80 years - 18 years)
5. Total income needed: Rs. 35,00,000
The document provides an overview of the financial system and its key components. It discusses how financial markets and institutions help channel funds from savers to borrowers, allowing for investment and economic growth. It then covers the major types of financial markets and instruments, including debt vs equity markets, primary vs secondary markets, money markets, capital markets, and derivatives. It also discusses the internationalization of financial markets through foreign bonds, Eurobonds, and Eurocurrencies.
This document discusses different types of investments and the investment environment. It defines investment in both economic and finance terms and outlines key concepts like direct vs indirect investment, equity vs debt investment, and short vs long term investment. The document also covers different types of securities like stocks, bonds, derivatives, and more high or low risk options. Overall, the document provides an overview of various investment vehicles and considerations within the investment environment.
This document discusses different methods for evaluating portfolio performance:
- Portfolio managers evaluate performance to identify strengths and weaknesses and improve strategies. Evaluation provides feedback in the final stage of the investment process.
- Sharpe's index measures risk-adjusted return by comparing the portfolio's excess return over the risk-free rate to the total risk in the portfolio. A higher index indicates better performance.
- Treynor's index also measures risk-adjusted return but uses systematic risk (beta) rather than total risk. A higher Treynor index means more risk premium earned per unit of market risk.
- Jensen's alpha measures the excess return of a portfolio above what would be predicted by the security's beta. A positive alpha
This document provides an overview and introduction to managerial finance. It defines finance and identifies its three main areas as financial markets, financial services, and managerial finance. It also outlines seven key learning goals, such as defining finance and describing the role of the financial manager. The document discusses different business organizations, the relationship between finance, economics, and accounting. It emphasizes that the goal of a firm is to maximize shareholder wealth and examines ideas like EVA and stakeholder theory. The agency problem between managers and owners is also introduced.
This document provides an introduction to investment terminology and concepts. It defines key terms like finance, investment, investor, and differentiates investment from speculation and gambling. It also outlines the major participants in the financial system including households, businesses, governments, banks, insurers, pension funds, and mutual funds. Finally, it describes different types of financial securities and markets.
18 years
Wife: 25 years
3. Expected income growth rate: 10%
4. Inflation rate: 7%
5. Life expectancy: 80 years
Calculation:
1. Current annual income: Rs. 6,00,000
2. Income after 18 years (when child becomes independent): Rs. 16,00,000 (considering 10% annual growth)
3. Income needed after 18 years adjusted for inflation: Rs. 35,00,000 (considering 7% annual inflation)
4. Number of years of income needed after child becomes independent: 62 years (80 years - 18 years)
5. Total income needed: Rs. 35,00,000
This document discusses different approaches to portfolio management, including passive and active management. It describes passive management as a buy-and-hold strategy that aims to match overall market returns by investing in a broad market index. Active management aims to outperform the market by selecting stocks believed to have the best prospects. The document also discusses formula plans, which provide rules for allocating funds between stocks and bonds based on market conditions, and for buying and selling securities based on price changes.
The document discusses the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas' (BSP) conduct of monetary policy. It outlines the BSP's objectives of maintaining price stability and inflation targeting framework. The BSP uses various monetary policy tools like open market operations, reserve requirements, and rediscounting to influence money supply and inflation. Recent inflation trends have remained within target. Large capital inflows from advanced economies pose challenges to managing inflation risks.
1) Money supply is influenced by the lending activities of banks and the central bank's monetary policy tools.
2) Commercial banks can create new money by lending funds which are deposited at the bank, increasing the money supply.
3) The central bank uses tools like adjusting reserve requirements, rediscounting rates, and open market operations to regulate money supply and achieve monetary stability.
This document discusses market efficiency and the efficient market hypothesis (EMH). It defines market efficiency as when market prices impartially estimate true investment value. For a market to be efficient, price deviations from true value must be random and uncorrelated with other value factors. The document also outlines the implications of EMH, such as no consistent strategies beating the market, and discusses criticisms like the internal contradiction of investors seeking inefficiencies. It concludes that perfect efficiency is unlikely due to human emotions and differing investor valuations.
This describes the Philippine Monetary Policy. This slideshow contains a brief history of the Philippine Monetary System and of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas. This also contains the functions of money and how the BSP uses it to the Philippines' advantage.
The document discusses the Philippine financial system and the role of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) as the country's central banking institution. It outlines that the BSP was created by the New Central Bank Act of 1993 and exercises its powers through the Monetary Board. The BSP provides policy directions in areas of money, banking, and credit and oversees the banking system. It also establishes regulations and serves functions such as issuing currency, advising the government, and acting as a lender of last resort. The document further describes the various types of banking and non-banking financial institutions that operate in the Philippines under the BSP's authority.
This document provides an overview of security analysis and capital markets. It discusses key concepts like stock exchanges, new issue markets, equity, debentures, and the roles of SEBI and different types of investors. The document outlines the aims of security analysis as providing regular income, capital appreciation, safety of capital, liquidity, and a hedge against inflation. It also mentions the main approaches to security analysis are fundamental analysis, technical analysis, and the fair game model.
Derivatives are financial instruments whose value is derived from an underlying asset such as stocks, bonds, commodities, currencies, or market indexes. There are several types of derivatives including forwards, futures, options, and swaps. Derivatives allow investors to hedge risk or speculate on the future price of the underlying asset. While derivatives can be used to manage various risks, they also pose risks such as increased speculation, greater financial instability, and price instability if not properly regulated. Effective risk management including policies, oversight, and competency is needed to use derivatives safely.
E finance ppt. for bfi subject and global finance with e banking.Ramon Lapid
E-finance involves using electronic communication and computation to provide financial services and conduct financial transactions. It allows businesses to manage their finances electronically in order to maximize profits through lower costs. Key benefits of e-finance include faster and more accurate transaction processing, real-time analysis, improved compliance and control, and proactive strategic planning. E-finance can be deployed in phases, beginning with automating operational processes, then enabling continuous performance analysis, and finally implementing early risk warning systems.
noorulhadi Lecturer at Govt College of Management Sciences, noorulhadi99@yahoo.com
i have prepared these slides and still using in mylectures, Reference: Portfolio management by S kevin and onlin
Central banks play a key role in monetary policy and the economy. They influence money supply and interest rates through tools like open market operations, reserve requirements, and interest rate policy. The primary objective of monetary policy is typically price stability, while also promoting goals like full employment. Central banks use both direct and indirect market instruments to achieve their objectives.
1. Common stock represents ownership in a corporation and a claim on its assets and earnings. There are different types including common, preferred, and classes A and B.
2. Owners of common stock are also known as shareholders or equity owners. They may receive dividends as determined by the board of directors and can benefit from capital gains.
3. Fundamental analysis and technical analysis are two main approaches used to evaluate common stocks and make investment decisions.
The document discusses various topics related to entrepreneurial financing including:
1) It discusses common misconceptions about entrepreneurial financing sources and outlines the diverse nature of business financing options.
2) It describes how to finance smaller businesses with modest growth potential using bootstrapping, self-financing, and loans.
3) It outlines how to finance high-growth, high-potential ventures using equity financing sources like angels and venture capitalists as well as debt financing.
Risk involves uncertainty about potential future problems or losses. It describes the variability in returns around an expected average outcome. There are several types of risk, including market risk from macroeconomic factors, purchasing power risk from inflation, interest rate risk for bond prices, and business risks from uncertainties like changes in tastes, competition or policies. Financial risk specifically refers to the possibility of sudden monetary losses related to financing.
This document provides an overview of financial markets and institutions. It discusses the key functions of financial markets in channeling funds from surplus to deficit units. It describes the structure of financial markets, including the distinction between debt and equity markets, primary vs secondary markets, and money vs capital markets. The main instruments traded in these markets are also outlined. The document then discusses the role of financial institutions in providing indirect finance and transforming financial assets. It identifies the main types of financial institutions like depository institutions, contractual savings institutions, and investment intermediaries. Finally, it covers the rationale for regulating financial markets and institutions to increase information and ensure overall financial system stability.
by-group 9
For downloading this contact- bikashkumar.bk100@gmail.com
Prepared by Students of University of Rajshahi
Md. Imran Hossain
Rima Binte Rahamot
F.M. Alimuzzaman
Md.Sultan Mahmud
Md. Al-Amin
Robiul IsLAm
Tamanna Toma
Md. Junayed Hossain
Yousuf Chowdhury
Md. Roxy Hossain
Emerging Trends in Financial Market for 2022ijtsrd
In 2022 we can expect to see banking and payments evolve even faster. The speed of digital transformation, new means of payment, and transformations brought by Open Finance are a few of the factors shaping this changing scenario and guiding trends in the financial market. But why is it worth paying attention to trends in the financial market : It’s because they allow us to predict upcoming scenarios in a world in constant flux and help both incumbents and fintech companies to align the development of their solutions with the latest innovations in the banking and payments sector. We always have our feelers out to make sure we’re keeping pace of these trends, and one source we often rely on is the futurist and researcher Amy Webb, Director of The Future Today Institute, from New York University’s Stern School of Business. Every year, she presents the Tech Trends Report, an essential reference on the trends set to shape the future and likely to dictate how companies do business from now on. The 15th Tech Trends Report was launched at this year’s SXSW, indicating some strategic trends in technology and including a section with insights for payments. Ms. Renu Bala Sharma "Emerging Trends in Financial Market for 2022" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51815.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/51815/emerging-trends-in-financial-market-for-2022/ms-renu-bala-sharma
Chapter 03_What Do Interest Rates Mean and What Is Their Role in Valuation?Rusman Mukhlis
This chapter discusses interest rates and their role in valuation. It defines key terms like yield to maturity, which is the most accurate measure of interest rates. It examines how to measure and understand different interest rates, the distinction between real and nominal rates, and the relationship between interest rates and returns. It also covers how the concept of present value is used to evaluate debt instruments and how duration is used to measure interest rate risk.
The document discusses measuring a country's national income through Gross National Product (GNP) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP). It explains that GNP and GDP can be measured through the expenditure approach and income approach. The expenditure approach is based on the total amount spent to produce goods and services, while the income approach is based on incomes earned by citizens from selling products and services. Real GNP refers to GNP values adjusted for inflation/deflation using a base year. Measuring GNP and GDP indicates a country's economic development and standard of living.
The document discusses key concepts related to measuring a country's national income and economic growth. It defines Gross National Product (GNP) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and explains how they are measured using the expenditure approach and income approach. It also distinguishes between nominal GNP (current prices) and real GNP (constant prices), using price indices to adjust for inflation. Overall, the document provides an overview of how economic statistics like GNP and GDP are calculated and used to analyze a nation's wealth and development over time in 3 sentences or less.
This document discusses different approaches to portfolio management, including passive and active management. It describes passive management as a buy-and-hold strategy that aims to match overall market returns by investing in a broad market index. Active management aims to outperform the market by selecting stocks believed to have the best prospects. The document also discusses formula plans, which provide rules for allocating funds between stocks and bonds based on market conditions, and for buying and selling securities based on price changes.
The document discusses the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas' (BSP) conduct of monetary policy. It outlines the BSP's objectives of maintaining price stability and inflation targeting framework. The BSP uses various monetary policy tools like open market operations, reserve requirements, and rediscounting to influence money supply and inflation. Recent inflation trends have remained within target. Large capital inflows from advanced economies pose challenges to managing inflation risks.
1) Money supply is influenced by the lending activities of banks and the central bank's monetary policy tools.
2) Commercial banks can create new money by lending funds which are deposited at the bank, increasing the money supply.
3) The central bank uses tools like adjusting reserve requirements, rediscounting rates, and open market operations to regulate money supply and achieve monetary stability.
This document discusses market efficiency and the efficient market hypothesis (EMH). It defines market efficiency as when market prices impartially estimate true investment value. For a market to be efficient, price deviations from true value must be random and uncorrelated with other value factors. The document also outlines the implications of EMH, such as no consistent strategies beating the market, and discusses criticisms like the internal contradiction of investors seeking inefficiencies. It concludes that perfect efficiency is unlikely due to human emotions and differing investor valuations.
This describes the Philippine Monetary Policy. This slideshow contains a brief history of the Philippine Monetary System and of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas. This also contains the functions of money and how the BSP uses it to the Philippines' advantage.
The document discusses the Philippine financial system and the role of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) as the country's central banking institution. It outlines that the BSP was created by the New Central Bank Act of 1993 and exercises its powers through the Monetary Board. The BSP provides policy directions in areas of money, banking, and credit and oversees the banking system. It also establishes regulations and serves functions such as issuing currency, advising the government, and acting as a lender of last resort. The document further describes the various types of banking and non-banking financial institutions that operate in the Philippines under the BSP's authority.
This document provides an overview of security analysis and capital markets. It discusses key concepts like stock exchanges, new issue markets, equity, debentures, and the roles of SEBI and different types of investors. The document outlines the aims of security analysis as providing regular income, capital appreciation, safety of capital, liquidity, and a hedge against inflation. It also mentions the main approaches to security analysis are fundamental analysis, technical analysis, and the fair game model.
Derivatives are financial instruments whose value is derived from an underlying asset such as stocks, bonds, commodities, currencies, or market indexes. There are several types of derivatives including forwards, futures, options, and swaps. Derivatives allow investors to hedge risk or speculate on the future price of the underlying asset. While derivatives can be used to manage various risks, they also pose risks such as increased speculation, greater financial instability, and price instability if not properly regulated. Effective risk management including policies, oversight, and competency is needed to use derivatives safely.
E finance ppt. for bfi subject and global finance with e banking.Ramon Lapid
E-finance involves using electronic communication and computation to provide financial services and conduct financial transactions. It allows businesses to manage their finances electronically in order to maximize profits through lower costs. Key benefits of e-finance include faster and more accurate transaction processing, real-time analysis, improved compliance and control, and proactive strategic planning. E-finance can be deployed in phases, beginning with automating operational processes, then enabling continuous performance analysis, and finally implementing early risk warning systems.
noorulhadi Lecturer at Govt College of Management Sciences, noorulhadi99@yahoo.com
i have prepared these slides and still using in mylectures, Reference: Portfolio management by S kevin and onlin
Central banks play a key role in monetary policy and the economy. They influence money supply and interest rates through tools like open market operations, reserve requirements, and interest rate policy. The primary objective of monetary policy is typically price stability, while also promoting goals like full employment. Central banks use both direct and indirect market instruments to achieve their objectives.
1. Common stock represents ownership in a corporation and a claim on its assets and earnings. There are different types including common, preferred, and classes A and B.
2. Owners of common stock are also known as shareholders or equity owners. They may receive dividends as determined by the board of directors and can benefit from capital gains.
3. Fundamental analysis and technical analysis are two main approaches used to evaluate common stocks and make investment decisions.
The document discusses various topics related to entrepreneurial financing including:
1) It discusses common misconceptions about entrepreneurial financing sources and outlines the diverse nature of business financing options.
2) It describes how to finance smaller businesses with modest growth potential using bootstrapping, self-financing, and loans.
3) It outlines how to finance high-growth, high-potential ventures using equity financing sources like angels and venture capitalists as well as debt financing.
Risk involves uncertainty about potential future problems or losses. It describes the variability in returns around an expected average outcome. There are several types of risk, including market risk from macroeconomic factors, purchasing power risk from inflation, interest rate risk for bond prices, and business risks from uncertainties like changes in tastes, competition or policies. Financial risk specifically refers to the possibility of sudden monetary losses related to financing.
This document provides an overview of financial markets and institutions. It discusses the key functions of financial markets in channeling funds from surplus to deficit units. It describes the structure of financial markets, including the distinction between debt and equity markets, primary vs secondary markets, and money vs capital markets. The main instruments traded in these markets are also outlined. The document then discusses the role of financial institutions in providing indirect finance and transforming financial assets. It identifies the main types of financial institutions like depository institutions, contractual savings institutions, and investment intermediaries. Finally, it covers the rationale for regulating financial markets and institutions to increase information and ensure overall financial system stability.
by-group 9
For downloading this contact- bikashkumar.bk100@gmail.com
Prepared by Students of University of Rajshahi
Md. Imran Hossain
Rima Binte Rahamot
F.M. Alimuzzaman
Md.Sultan Mahmud
Md. Al-Amin
Robiul IsLAm
Tamanna Toma
Md. Junayed Hossain
Yousuf Chowdhury
Md. Roxy Hossain
Emerging Trends in Financial Market for 2022ijtsrd
In 2022 we can expect to see banking and payments evolve even faster. The speed of digital transformation, new means of payment, and transformations brought by Open Finance are a few of the factors shaping this changing scenario and guiding trends in the financial market. But why is it worth paying attention to trends in the financial market : It’s because they allow us to predict upcoming scenarios in a world in constant flux and help both incumbents and fintech companies to align the development of their solutions with the latest innovations in the banking and payments sector. We always have our feelers out to make sure we’re keeping pace of these trends, and one source we often rely on is the futurist and researcher Amy Webb, Director of The Future Today Institute, from New York University’s Stern School of Business. Every year, she presents the Tech Trends Report, an essential reference on the trends set to shape the future and likely to dictate how companies do business from now on. The 15th Tech Trends Report was launched at this year’s SXSW, indicating some strategic trends in technology and including a section with insights for payments. Ms. Renu Bala Sharma "Emerging Trends in Financial Market for 2022" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51815.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/51815/emerging-trends-in-financial-market-for-2022/ms-renu-bala-sharma
Chapter 03_What Do Interest Rates Mean and What Is Their Role in Valuation?Rusman Mukhlis
This chapter discusses interest rates and their role in valuation. It defines key terms like yield to maturity, which is the most accurate measure of interest rates. It examines how to measure and understand different interest rates, the distinction between real and nominal rates, and the relationship between interest rates and returns. It also covers how the concept of present value is used to evaluate debt instruments and how duration is used to measure interest rate risk.
The document discusses measuring a country's national income through Gross National Product (GNP) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP). It explains that GNP and GDP can be measured through the expenditure approach and income approach. The expenditure approach is based on the total amount spent to produce goods and services, while the income approach is based on incomes earned by citizens from selling products and services. Real GNP refers to GNP values adjusted for inflation/deflation using a base year. Measuring GNP and GDP indicates a country's economic development and standard of living.
The document discusses key concepts related to measuring a country's national income and economic growth. It defines Gross National Product (GNP) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and explains how they are measured using the expenditure approach and income approach. It also distinguishes between nominal GNP (current prices) and real GNP (constant prices), using price indices to adjust for inflation. Overall, the document provides an overview of how economic statistics like GNP and GDP are calculated and used to analyze a nation's wealth and development over time in 3 sentences or less.
This document provides information to support project management courses, including references and materials for each meeting. It also contains three project cost analysis examples. The analyses include 10 year cash flow projections, calculations of net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), benefit-cost ratio, and conclusions on the feasibility of each project. Project A has a positive NPV and IRR above the cost of capital, making it feasible. Project B has a negative NPV and IRR below the cost of capital, making it unfeasible. Project C's cash flows were identical each year, also resulting in a positive NPV and feasible project.
The document provides information on project cost estimation and cash flow analysis for three different project proposals (Projects A, B, and C). Project A has a positive NPV of $6,145 and is deemed financially viable. Project B has a negative NPV of -$3,374 and is not recommended. Project C generates a consistent cash flow and positive NPV of $65,000, making it the best option.
This document provides an overview of capital budgeting techniques for project analysis, including sensitivity analysis, scenario analysis, break-even analysis, operating leverage, and real options. It includes examples demonstrating how to perform sensitivity analysis by changing variables like sales and fixed costs, scenario analysis by introducing competition, and calculating break-even points and degree of operating leverage. The document emphasizes that these techniques help analyze the robustness of projects and value the flexibility provided by real options.
This presentation discusses how to build an effective financial model for a business. A financial model shows revenues, profits, cash needs, hiring plans, and runway over a 5-year period. It also includes a sensitivity analysis. The model proves whether the business can make money and scale over time. The document provides guidance on building income statements, balance sheets, cash flow statements, and assumptions for revenues, costs, expenses, and headcount over multiple years. It cautions against underestimating costs and cash burn and stresses the importance of financial planning and oversight.
The document discusses aggregate demand and aggregate supply and short-run economic fluctuations. It provides details on the aggregate demand curve, which slopes downward due to wealth, interest rate, and exchange rate effects. The aggregate supply curve is vertical in the long-run and upward sloping in the short-run, due to price stickiness. Economic fluctuations can be caused by shifts in aggregate demand or aggregate supply, which can result in changes to output and price levels in both the short-run and long-run.
The document provides information to support a project management course including:
1. References for main and supporting readings on topics like project cost estimation, scheduling, and risk management.
2. Details on estimating project costs including cash flow analysis, financial projections, and approaches like net present value, benefit-cost ratio, and internal rate of return.
3. Examples of cash flow analyses for two potential projects (Projects A and B) over 10 years to evaluate their financial feasibility. The analyses include estimates of revenues, costs, cash inflows and outflows, net present values, and internal rates of return.
This document discusses short-run economic fluctuations and the aggregate demand and aggregate supply model. It provides background on recessions and the business cycle. It then explains key aspects of the aggregate demand and aggregate supply model, including how the aggregate demand curve slopes downward and how the aggregate supply curve slopes upward in the short-run due to price/wage stickiness. Factors that can shift the curves, such as consumption, investment and expected inflation, are also outlined.
The industrial vacancy rate in Austin dropped to 7.8% by the end of 2015, falling 270 basis points over the year. Net absorption for the year reached over 2 million square feet. Rental rates decreased slightly to $9.32 per square foot on average. Over 1 million square feet of industrial space was under construction in Q4, including an 855,000 square foot Amazon distribution center.
1) The document discusses the concept of pure competition and profit maximization for firms in pure competition. It defines the characteristics of pure competition and how demand is perceived by purely competitive firms as perfectly elastic.
2) It then covers the two approaches firms use to maximize profits in the short-run: total revenue-total cost and marginal revenue-marginal cost. Both approaches are shown to result in the rule of producing at the quantity where marginal revenue equals marginal cost.
3) The document concludes by discussing how purely competitive firms maximize profits in the long-run through free entry and exit until economic profits are driven down to zero and price equals minimum average total cost.
This document presents a business plan for a Chinese food stall. It discusses the location, competitors, financial budget, operating expenses, capital expenses, sensitivity analysis, and marketing budget. The sensitivity analysis shows that with 110 customers per day, the profit would be $17,093 and payback period would be 4 years. With 130 customers per day, the profit would be $51,754 and payback period would be 3 years.
This document presents a business plan for a Chinese food stall. It discusses the location, competitors, financial budget, operating expenses, capital expenses, sensitivity analysis, and marketing budget. The sensitivity analysis shows that with 110 customers per day, the projected profit is $17,093 and payback period is 4 years. With 130 customers per day, the base case, profit is $51,754 and payback period is 3 years.
Once we create a business model canvas for our business idea, how do we proceed in making a financial plan? How do we assess if it's in principle financially feasible? How do we create income statements, cash flows and do break-even analysis. This workshop was aimed to bridge the gap between BMC and financial plan aimed to aid entrepreneurs struggling with financial statements. If you found this helpful or have suggestions I would love to read it in the comments section.
The document discusses various topics related to ThyssenKrupp Elevator Qatar's business, including categories of employees, costs related to employees, differences between balance sheets and profit/loss statements, interpreting items on a P/L statement such as order intake and sales, and factors that affect the elevator industry in Qatar like the construction industry and economic/political stability.
The document discusses various measures of leverage, including:
1. Operating leverage, which measures how EBIT responds to changes in sales, calculated as the percentage change in EBIT divided by the percentage change in sales.
2. Financial leverage, which measures how earnings per share responds to changes in EBIT, calculated as the percentage change in EPS divided by the percentage change in EBIT.
3. Combined leverage, which measures how earnings per share responds to changes in sales by combining operating and financial leverage, calculated as the product of operating and financial leverage.
Aggregate planning involves determining resource capacity over an intermediate time horizon to meet product demand. It aims to establish a company-wide plan for allocating resources through various demand management strategies, including adjusting capacity, production levels, workforce, and inventory. Quantitative techniques like linear programming can help optimize solutions by minimizing costs associated with hiring, firing, production and inventory carrying under demand constraints.
This document provides an overview of balance sheet analysis and calculating return on capital employed (ROCE). It begins with a sample balance sheet and shows how borrowing can be moved to the "funding" side. It then defines the operating and funding sides, and how the operating side aims to earn a return greater than the weighted average cost of capital. The document demonstrates calculating ROCE and breaking it down further. It also discusses asset turnover and its components. Finally, it provides an example calculation and identifies the main driver of a change in ROCE based on the information given.
This document summarizes key concepts around costs of production for businesses. It discusses economic costs, accounting profit vs economic profit, explicit vs implicit costs. It also covers short-run and long-run production relationships including total, average and marginal product/cost. Key points around economies of scale, minimum efficient scale, and how these impact industry structure are also summarized.
Similar to Macro Analysis and Micro-valuation of Stock Market (20)
- South Asia includes the sub-Himalayan SAARC countries and some adjoining nations. It is dominated by the Indian plate and bounded by various regions.
- Regional connectivity in South Asia has been limited by factors like historical tensions, inadequate transport infrastructure, and trade restrictions.
- Intraregional trade accounts for only 5% of South Asia's total trade, compared to 25% for ASEAN nations. Non-tariff barriers make trade between neighbors more expensive.
- The document provides export-import data between Bangladesh and India from 2013-2017 to illustrate South Asia's trade patterns and opportunities for growth through improved regional cooperation and connectivity.
Unilever is an Anglo-Dutch multinational consumer goods company formed in 1930. It owns many of the world's top brands in foods, beverages, cleaning agents, and personal care products. Unilever began operations in Bangladesh in 1964 and now has over 10,000 employees in the country. It manufactures products in Chittagong and its brands are used in over 90% of Bangladeshi households. The company offers competitive salaries and benefits for employees and seeks fresh graduates, experienced specialists, and skilled workers.
Petrobangla is Bangladesh's national oil company. It provides two types of training - domestic and foreign - to its employees to develop their skills and understanding of the energy sector. The training aims to make employees more effective through case studies, demonstrations, and visits. Petrobangla has training policies and evaluates its programs, but could improve implementation, regularity of training, and transportation support for employees to fully develop their workforce.
Landscape photography captures the visible features of a particular area or country view. It reflects the aesthetic appeal of that location. To take good landscape photos, patience and traveling are important, as the best times are dawn and dusk when light is soft. Using a tripod is necessary during these low-light periods to avoid camera shake. Following compositional rules like having distinct foreground, middle ground and background elements can make landscape photos more interesting.
This document contains the presentation materials for a talk on taxation in Bangladesh. It discusses the history and implementation of Value Added Tax (VAT) in Bangladesh. The presentation is made up of several speakers who cover topics like the definition of VAT, the VAT mechanism, VAT rates and exemptions in Bangladesh, trends in VAT collection, and the authority that administers VAT. It provides an overview of how VAT works and its role in the Bangladeshi tax system.
This document discusses leasing and different types of leases. It defines leasing as a method of financing where the lessor retains ownership of an asset while allowing the lessee to use it by paying rentals over time. There are two main types of leases: finance/capital leases where the lessee selects an asset and pays rentals to cover its full cost, and operating leases for assets used for less than their full economic life. Real estate leasing involves renting property through a rental agreement or lease. The document also outlines advantages like financing flexibility and tax benefits, and disadvantages such as inadequate protection for the lessee and higher interest costs compared to other financing modes.
This document discusses planning and decision making. It provides an overview of planning, including defining planning, listing the steps in planning, and discussing the relationship between planning and decision making. Planning allows for decisions to be made in a more intelligent way by providing guidelines and goals. The document also discusses decision making, including defining decision making and listing techniques for decision making, such as using the six C's (construct, compile, collect, compare, consider, commit) and a basic steps process (identify problem, list alternatives, select best alternative, implement, evaluate). Additionally, it discusses using a SWOT analysis as a tool for decision making.
Unlocking WhatsApp Marketing with HubSpot: Integrating Messaging into Your Ma...Niswey
50 million companies worldwide leverage WhatsApp as a key marketing channel. You may have considered adding it to your marketing mix, or probably already driving impressive conversions with WhatsApp.
But wait. What happens when you fully integrate your WhatsApp campaigns with HubSpot?
That's exactly what we explored in this session.
We take a look at everything that you need to know in order to deploy effective WhatsApp marketing strategies, and integrate it with your buyer journey in HubSpot. From technical requirements to innovative campaign strategies, to advanced campaign reporting - we discuss all that and more, to leverage WhatsApp for maximum impact. Check out more details about the event here https://events.hubspot.com/events/details/hubspot-new-delhi-presents-unlocking-whatsapp-marketing-with-hubspot-integrating-messaging-into-your-marketing-strategy/
Zodiac Signs and Food Preferences_ What Your Sign Says About Your Tastemy Pandit
Know what your zodiac sign says about your taste in food! Explore how the 12 zodiac signs influence your culinary preferences with insights from MyPandit. Dive into astrology and flavors!
Best Competitive Marble Pricing in Dubai - ☎ 9928909666Stone Art Hub
Stone Art Hub offers the best competitive Marble Pricing in Dubai, ensuring affordability without compromising quality. With a wide range of exquisite marble options to choose from, you can enhance your spaces with elegance and sophistication. For inquiries or orders, contact us at ☎ 9928909666. Experience luxury at unbeatable prices.
The Most Inspiring Entrepreneurs to Follow in 2024.pdfthesiliconleaders
In a world where the potential of youth innovation remains vastly untouched, there emerges a guiding light in the form of Norm Goldstein, the Founder and CEO of EduNetwork Partners. His dedication to this cause has earned him recognition as a Congressional Leadership Award recipient.
SATTA MATKA DPBOSS KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART KALYAN MATKA MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA TIPS SATTA MATKA MATKA COM MATKA PANA JODI TODAY BATTA SATKA MATKA PATTI JODI NUMBER MATKA RESULTS MATKA CHART MATKA JODI SATTA COM INDIA SATTA MATKA MATKA TIPS MATKA WAPKA ALL MATKA RESULT LIVE ONLINE MATKA RESULT KALYAN MATKA RESULT DPBOSS MATKA 143 MAIN MATKA KALYAN MATKA RESULTS KALYAN CHART
Ellen Burstyn: From Detroit Dreamer to Hollywood Legend | CIO Women MagazineCIOWomenMagazine
In this article, we will dive into the extraordinary life of Ellen Burstyn, where the curtains rise on a story that's far more attractive than any script.
How are Lilac French Bulldogs Beauty Charming the World and Capturing Hearts....Lacey Max
“After being the most listed dog breed in the United States for 31
years in a row, the Labrador Retriever has dropped to second place
in the American Kennel Club's annual survey of the country's most
popular canines. The French Bulldog is the new top dog in the
United States as of 2022. The stylish puppy has ascended the
rankings in rapid time despite having health concerns and limited
color choices.”
Unveiling the Dynamic Personalities, Key Dates, and Horoscope Insights: Gemin...my Pandit
Explore the fascinating world of the Gemini Zodiac Sign. Discover the unique personality traits, key dates, and horoscope insights of Gemini individuals. Learn how their sociable, communicative nature and boundless curiosity make them the dynamic explorers of the zodiac. Dive into the duality of the Gemini sign and understand their intellectual and adventurous spirit.
Profiles of Iconic Fashion Personalities.pdfTTop Threads
The fashion industry is dynamic and ever-changing, continuously sculpted by trailblazing visionaries who challenge norms and redefine beauty. This document delves into the profiles of some of the most iconic fashion personalities whose impact has left a lasting impression on the industry. From timeless designers to modern-day influencers, each individual has uniquely woven their thread into the rich fabric of fashion history, contributing to its ongoing evolution.
Cover Story - China's Investment Leader - Dr. Alyce SUmsthrill
In World Expo 2010 Shanghai – the most visited Expo in the World History
https://www.britannica.com/event/Expo-Shanghai-2010
China’s official organizer of the Expo, CCPIT (China Council for the Promotion of International Trade https://en.ccpit.org/) has chosen Dr. Alyce Su as the Cover Person with Cover Story, in the Expo’s official magazine distributed throughout the Expo, showcasing China’s New Generation of Leaders to the World.
SATTA MATKA SATTA FAST RESULT KALYAN TOP MATKA RESULT KALYAN SATTA MATKA FAST RESULT MILAN RATAN RAJDHANI MAIN BAZAR MATKA FAST TIPS RESULT MATKA CHART JODI CHART PANEL CHART FREE FIX GAME SATTAMATKA ! MATKA MOBI SATTA 143 spboss.in TOP NO1 RESULT FULL RATE MATKA ONLINE GAME PLAY BY APP SPBOSS
The Genesis of BriansClub.cm Famous Dark WEb PlatformSabaaSudozai
BriansClub.cm, a famous platform on the dark web, has become one of the most infamous carding marketplaces, specializing in the sale of stolen credit card data.
Part 2 Deep Dive: Navigating the 2024 Slowdownjeffkluth1
Introduction
The global retail industry has weathered numerous storms, with the financial crisis of 2008 serving as a poignant reminder of the sector's resilience and adaptability. However, as we navigate the complex landscape of 2024, retailers face a unique set of challenges that demand innovative strategies and a fundamental shift in mindset. This white paper contrasts the impact of the 2008 recession on the retail sector with the current headwinds retailers are grappling with, while offering a comprehensive roadmap for success in this new paradigm.
9. • Average weekly
hours,manufacturing
• Index of supplier
deliveries
• Money supply
• Stock price
• Interest rate spread
Leading
• Employees on non
agricultural payrolls
• Inustrial Production
• Manufacturing and
trade sales
Coincident
• Average duration of
unemployment
• Inventory to sales ratio
• Labor cost per unit
• Commercial and
industrial loans
• Consumer price index
Lagging
Cyclical Indicator Approach
10. 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 year 4 Year 5 year 6
Business Cycle Indicator Series
Leading Coincident Lagging
11. Limitations of Cyclical Indicator Approach
False
signals
Currency of
the data
and
Revision
Economic
sectors not
represented
12. Analytical Measures of performance
Diffusion Index
◉ Rates of changes
◉ Comparison with previous cycles
13. HELLO!
I am Fahim Hasanul Islam (1503)
WE are here because we love to give presentations.
You can find me at @frsclicks@gmail.com
28. HELLO!
I am Robiul Islam (1509)
WE are here because we love to give presentations.
You can find me at @srobiulislam1509@gmail.com
29. Dividend Discount Models vs. Free Cash Flow Models
◉ FCFE = Net Income
+ Depreciation
– Capital Expenditures
– Increase in NC Working Capital
+ New Debt Issued
– Debt Paid
40. Computation
Investors must decide if they agree with the
prevailing price earning ratio based on how it
compare to the P/E ratio for the aggregate market,
for the farms industry and similar firms and stocks .