The document provides information on various types of surgical equipment used in perioperative settings, including scissors, forceps, hemostatic forceps, needle holders, retractors, scalpels, and towel clamps. It also discusses techniques for proper use of surgical equipment and methods of sterilizing equipment, such as through autoclaving, ethylene oxide gas, chemical sterilization, and radiation. Specific therapeutic positions are outlined for different surgical procedures.
This document defines comfort devices and lists various types. Comfort devices are mechanical aids that provide optimal comfort to reduce distractions. Some key comfort devices discussed include: pillows for support; back rests to maintain sitting positions; bed cradles to prevent pressure from bedding; mattresses like air or water mattresses for comfort; trapeze bars for patient mobility; and sandbags, wedges, rings and blocks to relieve pressure on body parts. The document explains the purpose of each device in maintaining patient comfort, alignment, and mobility.
This document discusses various comfort devices used to provide comfort to patients. It describes pillows, back rests, hand rolls, foot rests, knee rests, sand bags, air/water mattresses, rubber/cotton rings, bed cradles, bed blocks, air cushions, cardiac tables, side rails, wedge/abductor pillows, and trapeze bars. For each device, it provides details on how it is constructed and its purpose in maintaining patient alignment, reducing pressure, and adding to physical comfort. The overall goal of comfort devices is to enhance patient satisfaction and health outcomes.
1. Positioning patients properly is important for comfort, medical procedures, and preventing complications. It involves assessing the patient's needs and positioning them in alignments that promote circulation, relieve pressure, and allow for interventions.
2. Common positions discussed include supine, prone, lateral, lithotomy, Fowler's position, and Trendelenburg. Each position has specific indications and procedures to ensure patient safety and access for medical needs.
3. Special considerations are needed for obese patients to support their weight and prevent impaired circulation or breathing from positioning. Thorough documentation of assessments and interventions is also important.
This document describes 10 different positions used for patients: supine, prone, lateral, lithotomy, dorsal recumbent, Fowler's, Sims, Trendelenburg, knee-chest, and orthopneic. Each position is defined, with its purposes, indications, and procedures explained in 1-2 sentences. The positions are used for examinations, procedures, postoperative care, and to promote patient comfort and physiological functions. Proper positioning requires explaining the procedure to the patient, ensuring comfort and safety, and placing pillows or other supports as needed.
This document discusses various comfort devices used in nursing. It begins by defining comfort and the purposes of comfort devices as promoting comfort, preventing discomfort, and maintaining correct posture. It then lists and describes common comfort devices such as cardiac tables, footboards, foot blocks, air cushions, cotton rings, hot water bottles, bed cradles, air/water mattresses, sandbags, pillows, trochanter rolls, and trapeze bars. For each device, it provides details on what it is, what it is made of, and its uses. The document aims to educate nursing students on defining comfort devices and understanding the purposes and uses of various common comfort devices.
Positioning involves placing a patient in specific body alignments to promote health and allow for medical interventions. Some key reasons for positioning include providing comfort, relieving pressure on body parts, improving circulation, preventing deformities, and enabling examinations and treatments. Common positions include supine, prone, lateral, lithotomy and Fowler's positions, each having distinct uses and safety considerations. Positioning requires ensuring patient comfort and safety by using supportive devices and regularly adjusting alignment to prevent pressure injuries.
This document defines 10 different patient positioning techniques and their purposes and indications. The positions discussed include supine, prone, lateral, lithotomy, dorsal recumbent, Fowler's, Sims, Trendelenburg, knee-chest, and orthopneic. Each position is defined and the therapeutic reasons for using each position, such as for examinations, procedures, or to relieve pressure, are provided.
The document discusses various patient positioning techniques used in nursing. It defines positioning as placing a patient in proper body alignment for health purposes. Several positions are described including prone, lateral, supine, lithotomy, Fowler's, Sims, Trendelenburg, and others. The purposes, indications, contraindications and positioning procedures for each are outlined. Positioning aims to promote comfort, circulation and prevent pressure injuries while nurses must follow safety principles and ensure patient comfort.
This document defines comfort devices and lists various types. Comfort devices are mechanical aids that provide optimal comfort to reduce distractions. Some key comfort devices discussed include: pillows for support; back rests to maintain sitting positions; bed cradles to prevent pressure from bedding; mattresses like air or water mattresses for comfort; trapeze bars for patient mobility; and sandbags, wedges, rings and blocks to relieve pressure on body parts. The document explains the purpose of each device in maintaining patient comfort, alignment, and mobility.
This document discusses various comfort devices used to provide comfort to patients. It describes pillows, back rests, hand rolls, foot rests, knee rests, sand bags, air/water mattresses, rubber/cotton rings, bed cradles, bed blocks, air cushions, cardiac tables, side rails, wedge/abductor pillows, and trapeze bars. For each device, it provides details on how it is constructed and its purpose in maintaining patient alignment, reducing pressure, and adding to physical comfort. The overall goal of comfort devices is to enhance patient satisfaction and health outcomes.
1. Positioning patients properly is important for comfort, medical procedures, and preventing complications. It involves assessing the patient's needs and positioning them in alignments that promote circulation, relieve pressure, and allow for interventions.
2. Common positions discussed include supine, prone, lateral, lithotomy, Fowler's position, and Trendelenburg. Each position has specific indications and procedures to ensure patient safety and access for medical needs.
3. Special considerations are needed for obese patients to support their weight and prevent impaired circulation or breathing from positioning. Thorough documentation of assessments and interventions is also important.
This document describes 10 different positions used for patients: supine, prone, lateral, lithotomy, dorsal recumbent, Fowler's, Sims, Trendelenburg, knee-chest, and orthopneic. Each position is defined, with its purposes, indications, and procedures explained in 1-2 sentences. The positions are used for examinations, procedures, postoperative care, and to promote patient comfort and physiological functions. Proper positioning requires explaining the procedure to the patient, ensuring comfort and safety, and placing pillows or other supports as needed.
This document discusses various comfort devices used in nursing. It begins by defining comfort and the purposes of comfort devices as promoting comfort, preventing discomfort, and maintaining correct posture. It then lists and describes common comfort devices such as cardiac tables, footboards, foot blocks, air cushions, cotton rings, hot water bottles, bed cradles, air/water mattresses, sandbags, pillows, trochanter rolls, and trapeze bars. For each device, it provides details on what it is, what it is made of, and its uses. The document aims to educate nursing students on defining comfort devices and understanding the purposes and uses of various common comfort devices.
Positioning involves placing a patient in specific body alignments to promote health and allow for medical interventions. Some key reasons for positioning include providing comfort, relieving pressure on body parts, improving circulation, preventing deformities, and enabling examinations and treatments. Common positions include supine, prone, lateral, lithotomy and Fowler's positions, each having distinct uses and safety considerations. Positioning requires ensuring patient comfort and safety by using supportive devices and regularly adjusting alignment to prevent pressure injuries.
This document defines 10 different patient positioning techniques and their purposes and indications. The positions discussed include supine, prone, lateral, lithotomy, dorsal recumbent, Fowler's, Sims, Trendelenburg, knee-chest, and orthopneic. Each position is defined and the therapeutic reasons for using each position, such as for examinations, procedures, or to relieve pressure, are provided.
The document discusses various patient positioning techniques used in nursing. It defines positioning as placing a patient in proper body alignment for health purposes. Several positions are described including prone, lateral, supine, lithotomy, Fowler's, Sims, Trendelenburg, and others. The purposes, indications, contraindications and positioning procedures for each are outlined. Positioning aims to promote comfort, circulation and prevent pressure injuries while nurses must follow safety principles and ensure patient comfort.
Comfort devices are the mechanical devices planned to provide optimal comfort to an individual. Comfort devices are invented articles which would add comfort to the patient when used in appropriate manner
This document describes 10 different positions used for positioning patients in bed: supine, dorsal recumbent, Trendelenburg, reverse Trendelenburg, lateral, Sims', orthopneic, prone, lithotomy, and Fowler's. Fowler's position is described in further detail, including high Fowler's at 80-90 degrees, standard Fowler's at 45-60 degrees, semi-Fowler's at 30-45 degrees, and low Fowler's at 15-30 degrees. The positions are used for various medical purposes like examinations, surgeries, and improving breathing or drainage.
The document discusses various positions for positioning patients in bed, including:
- Supine, prone, lateral, Sims, Fowler's, semi-Fowler's, Trendelenburg, lithotomy, dorsal recumbent, and knee-chest positions.
It describes the purposes and principles of positioning patients, and provides details on each position, such as how the patient is placed and when each position is used, like Fowler's position being used to relieve dyspnea and improve circulation.
The document also includes multiple choice questions to test knowledge of positioning, such as semi-Fowler's being the best position for cardiac patients and lithotomy position being used for baby delivery.
This document discusses proper patient positioning and its importance in maintaining body alignment, preventing injury, and providing stimulation. It outlines various positions like supine, lateral, and prone, assessing risk factors. Complications from improper positioning like pressure ulcers and contractures are described. Supportive devices and techniques for safely moving patients are also covered. The goal is to position patients in a way that keeps their body parts correctly aligned and functional while minimizing stress.
This document discusses positioning and pressure relief techniques to prevent decubitus ulcers. It notes that 95% of pressure ulcers occur over 5 bony areas and lists positioning considerations for various diagnoses. Positions like supine, prone, side-lying are described along with how to pad and support the body. It emphasizes repositioning patients every 2 hours in bed and every 15 minutes when sitting to relieve pressure on high-risk areas.
The document discusses various patient positioning terms including supine, prone, right and left lateral recumbent, Fowler's position, and Trendelenberg position. It also describes reasons for changing a patient's position such as promoting comfort, restoring body function, preventing deformities, relieving pressure, and stimulating circulation. Basic principles for positioning patients include maintaining good body alignment, safety, reassurance, proper handling, obtaining assistance if needed, and following physician's orders.
This document discusses positioning techniques for rehabilitation patients. It covers the goals of positioning which include comfort, safety, independence, range of motion, and skin integrity. Theory around neuromuscular development and spasticity is explained. Specific positioning techniques are outlined for supine, side lying, special needs like hemiplegia, prone, and pain control. References are provided.
This document lists and describes various comfort devices used in patient care including pillows, back rests, bed cradles, cardiac tables, mattresses, trapeze bars, foot boards, trochanter rolls, sand bags, side rails, abductor pillows, knee rests, bed blocks, air cushions, rubber and cotton rings, and hand rolls. It provides the purposes of each device, which are to provide support, comfort, relieve pressure and pain, and assist patients in mobility and positioning.
The document discusses positioning, draping, and bed mobility in physical therapy. It provides guidelines for positioning patients in different positions like supine, prone, and side-lying to support the body and prevent issues like pressure sores. The document also discusses draping patients for privacy and comfort during treatment, as well as techniques for teaching patients bed mobility exercises to improve function and prepare for transfers.
1. The document discusses various patient positioning techniques and their purposes such as protecting functional ability, avoiding injury, preventing complications of immobility, and promoting oxygenation.
2. Key positions discussed include Fowler's position, semi-Fowler's position, high-Fowler's position, protected supine, side-lying, SIM's or semi-prone, prone, dorsal lithotomy, Trendelenburg, and reverse Trendelenburg.
3. Nurses must consider a patient's restrictions and needs when positioning, use supports, and alter positions minimally every two hours or as required to prevent complications.
This presentation contains :-
1.Definition of comfort devices
2. Pillows
3. Purpose or use of pillow
4. Back rest
5. Use of back rest
6. Bed cradle
7. Use of bed cradle
8. Cardiac table
9. use of cardiac table
10. Mattresses
11. Use of mattresses
12. Air mattresses
13. Water mattress
14. Trapeze bar
15. use of trapeze bar
16. Foot board
17. use of foot board
18. Trochanter rolls
19. Sand bags
20, use of sand bags
21. Side rails
22. use of side rails
23. wedge /abductor pillow
24. Knee rest
25. Bed blocks
check list Demonstration On Range Of Motion Exercises and Moving, Lifting and...Mathew Varghese V
Lesson plan on
Interventions for Impaired Body Alignment
&
Immobility
Demonstration On
Range Of Motion Exercises and Moving, Lifting and
Transferring Of Casualty and In-Patient
1. The lithotomy position involves flexing and supporting the patient's thighs and knees on stirrups with their back supine on an operating table. This provides exposure of the perineum and is used for procedures like cystoscopy.
2. The prone position involves placing the patient face down on the operating table with their arms at their sides. This position allows access to the spine, cranium, and perineal regions and may be used for procedures like closure of myelomeningocele.
3. Potential complications of different positions include nerve damage, pressure ulcers, discomfort, and injuries to the eyes, brachial plexus, or cervical spine depending on the position used. Proper padding
This document discusses hospital beds and bed making. It defines a hospital bed as providing comfort and allowing patients to rest. It describes different types of bed making techniques used for patients' conditions. These include open, closed, admission, summer, winter, postoperative, cardiac, amputation and cradle beds. The purposes and principles of bed making are also outlined, focusing on comfort, safety, infection prevention, individual needs, and body mechanics. Specific instructions are provided for making different beds according to these guidelines.
This document discusses best practices for rest and sleep, bed making skills, and promoting patient comfort. It emphasizes the importance of keeping the bed clean and comfortable for patients. Proper bed making involves using effective body mechanics, infection control measures, and evaluating the bed for cleanliness, order, and patient safety and comfort. Special mattresses and bed accessories are available to prevent skin breakdown and allow movement for immobilized patients.
Various position used in different surgeriesVivek Chauhan
The document discusses various body positions used in different medical procedures. It describes positions like supine, Fowler's, prone, lateral, Sims, lithotomy, and Trendelenburg positions. Each position is defined and its purpose, indications, contraindications, equipment needed and procedure are explained. Common positions like supine are used for examination while prone helps prevent bed sores and relieves abdominal distention. Ensuring patient comfort and safety is important when positioning.
Nurse /doctor will insert two lubricated, gloved fingers into your vagina with one hand, while the other hand presses gently on the outside of your lower abdomen. During this part of the exam, your doctor will check the size and shape of your uterus and ovaries, noting any tender areas or unusual growths.
The Essentials Of Patient Positioning For Interventional Radiology ProceduresJames_DuCanto_MD
Proper patient positioning is essential for interventional radiology procedures. The anesthesiologist or CRNA guides patient transfer and positioning to maintain airway, breathing, and circulation. When positioning a patient prone, teamwork is needed to safely transfer the patient to the procedure table where all pressure points are padded and no body parts extend beyond the table. Positioning is tailored to each patient's individual needs and ensures the operative site is accessible while avoiding interference with respiration, circulation, peripheral nerves, or undue discomfort.
This document lists and describes various common surgical instruments, including hemostatic forceps, scalpel handles, needle holders, bone curettes, retractors, scissors, forceps, and suction tips. Images are provided to illustrate the differences between similar instruments, such as various forceps, retractors, and scalpel handles. The document serves as a reference for nurses and medical staff to identify different surgical tools.
This document lists over 120 single-use surgical instruments produced by Medi Made with model numbers ranging from MM-6001 to MM-6120. The instruments include forceps, scissors, needle holders, dilators, retractors, speculums, and other common surgical tools. All instruments are intended for single-use only and to be disposed of after a procedure.
Comfort devices are the mechanical devices planned to provide optimal comfort to an individual. Comfort devices are invented articles which would add comfort to the patient when used in appropriate manner
This document describes 10 different positions used for positioning patients in bed: supine, dorsal recumbent, Trendelenburg, reverse Trendelenburg, lateral, Sims', orthopneic, prone, lithotomy, and Fowler's. Fowler's position is described in further detail, including high Fowler's at 80-90 degrees, standard Fowler's at 45-60 degrees, semi-Fowler's at 30-45 degrees, and low Fowler's at 15-30 degrees. The positions are used for various medical purposes like examinations, surgeries, and improving breathing or drainage.
The document discusses various positions for positioning patients in bed, including:
- Supine, prone, lateral, Sims, Fowler's, semi-Fowler's, Trendelenburg, lithotomy, dorsal recumbent, and knee-chest positions.
It describes the purposes and principles of positioning patients, and provides details on each position, such as how the patient is placed and when each position is used, like Fowler's position being used to relieve dyspnea and improve circulation.
The document also includes multiple choice questions to test knowledge of positioning, such as semi-Fowler's being the best position for cardiac patients and lithotomy position being used for baby delivery.
This document discusses proper patient positioning and its importance in maintaining body alignment, preventing injury, and providing stimulation. It outlines various positions like supine, lateral, and prone, assessing risk factors. Complications from improper positioning like pressure ulcers and contractures are described. Supportive devices and techniques for safely moving patients are also covered. The goal is to position patients in a way that keeps their body parts correctly aligned and functional while minimizing stress.
This document discusses positioning and pressure relief techniques to prevent decubitus ulcers. It notes that 95% of pressure ulcers occur over 5 bony areas and lists positioning considerations for various diagnoses. Positions like supine, prone, side-lying are described along with how to pad and support the body. It emphasizes repositioning patients every 2 hours in bed and every 15 minutes when sitting to relieve pressure on high-risk areas.
The document discusses various patient positioning terms including supine, prone, right and left lateral recumbent, Fowler's position, and Trendelenberg position. It also describes reasons for changing a patient's position such as promoting comfort, restoring body function, preventing deformities, relieving pressure, and stimulating circulation. Basic principles for positioning patients include maintaining good body alignment, safety, reassurance, proper handling, obtaining assistance if needed, and following physician's orders.
This document discusses positioning techniques for rehabilitation patients. It covers the goals of positioning which include comfort, safety, independence, range of motion, and skin integrity. Theory around neuromuscular development and spasticity is explained. Specific positioning techniques are outlined for supine, side lying, special needs like hemiplegia, prone, and pain control. References are provided.
This document lists and describes various comfort devices used in patient care including pillows, back rests, bed cradles, cardiac tables, mattresses, trapeze bars, foot boards, trochanter rolls, sand bags, side rails, abductor pillows, knee rests, bed blocks, air cushions, rubber and cotton rings, and hand rolls. It provides the purposes of each device, which are to provide support, comfort, relieve pressure and pain, and assist patients in mobility and positioning.
The document discusses positioning, draping, and bed mobility in physical therapy. It provides guidelines for positioning patients in different positions like supine, prone, and side-lying to support the body and prevent issues like pressure sores. The document also discusses draping patients for privacy and comfort during treatment, as well as techniques for teaching patients bed mobility exercises to improve function and prepare for transfers.
1. The document discusses various patient positioning techniques and their purposes such as protecting functional ability, avoiding injury, preventing complications of immobility, and promoting oxygenation.
2. Key positions discussed include Fowler's position, semi-Fowler's position, high-Fowler's position, protected supine, side-lying, SIM's or semi-prone, prone, dorsal lithotomy, Trendelenburg, and reverse Trendelenburg.
3. Nurses must consider a patient's restrictions and needs when positioning, use supports, and alter positions minimally every two hours or as required to prevent complications.
This presentation contains :-
1.Definition of comfort devices
2. Pillows
3. Purpose or use of pillow
4. Back rest
5. Use of back rest
6. Bed cradle
7. Use of bed cradle
8. Cardiac table
9. use of cardiac table
10. Mattresses
11. Use of mattresses
12. Air mattresses
13. Water mattress
14. Trapeze bar
15. use of trapeze bar
16. Foot board
17. use of foot board
18. Trochanter rolls
19. Sand bags
20, use of sand bags
21. Side rails
22. use of side rails
23. wedge /abductor pillow
24. Knee rest
25. Bed blocks
check list Demonstration On Range Of Motion Exercises and Moving, Lifting and...Mathew Varghese V
Lesson plan on
Interventions for Impaired Body Alignment
&
Immobility
Demonstration On
Range Of Motion Exercises and Moving, Lifting and
Transferring Of Casualty and In-Patient
1. The lithotomy position involves flexing and supporting the patient's thighs and knees on stirrups with their back supine on an operating table. This provides exposure of the perineum and is used for procedures like cystoscopy.
2. The prone position involves placing the patient face down on the operating table with their arms at their sides. This position allows access to the spine, cranium, and perineal regions and may be used for procedures like closure of myelomeningocele.
3. Potential complications of different positions include nerve damage, pressure ulcers, discomfort, and injuries to the eyes, brachial plexus, or cervical spine depending on the position used. Proper padding
This document discusses hospital beds and bed making. It defines a hospital bed as providing comfort and allowing patients to rest. It describes different types of bed making techniques used for patients' conditions. These include open, closed, admission, summer, winter, postoperative, cardiac, amputation and cradle beds. The purposes and principles of bed making are also outlined, focusing on comfort, safety, infection prevention, individual needs, and body mechanics. Specific instructions are provided for making different beds according to these guidelines.
This document discusses best practices for rest and sleep, bed making skills, and promoting patient comfort. It emphasizes the importance of keeping the bed clean and comfortable for patients. Proper bed making involves using effective body mechanics, infection control measures, and evaluating the bed for cleanliness, order, and patient safety and comfort. Special mattresses and bed accessories are available to prevent skin breakdown and allow movement for immobilized patients.
Various position used in different surgeriesVivek Chauhan
The document discusses various body positions used in different medical procedures. It describes positions like supine, Fowler's, prone, lateral, Sims, lithotomy, and Trendelenburg positions. Each position is defined and its purpose, indications, contraindications, equipment needed and procedure are explained. Common positions like supine are used for examination while prone helps prevent bed sores and relieves abdominal distention. Ensuring patient comfort and safety is important when positioning.
Nurse /doctor will insert two lubricated, gloved fingers into your vagina with one hand, while the other hand presses gently on the outside of your lower abdomen. During this part of the exam, your doctor will check the size and shape of your uterus and ovaries, noting any tender areas or unusual growths.
The Essentials Of Patient Positioning For Interventional Radiology ProceduresJames_DuCanto_MD
Proper patient positioning is essential for interventional radiology procedures. The anesthesiologist or CRNA guides patient transfer and positioning to maintain airway, breathing, and circulation. When positioning a patient prone, teamwork is needed to safely transfer the patient to the procedure table where all pressure points are padded and no body parts extend beyond the table. Positioning is tailored to each patient's individual needs and ensures the operative site is accessible while avoiding interference with respiration, circulation, peripheral nerves, or undue discomfort.
This document lists and describes various common surgical instruments, including hemostatic forceps, scalpel handles, needle holders, bone curettes, retractors, scissors, forceps, and suction tips. Images are provided to illustrate the differences between similar instruments, such as various forceps, retractors, and scalpel handles. The document serves as a reference for nurses and medical staff to identify different surgical tools.
This document lists over 120 single-use surgical instruments produced by Medi Made with model numbers ranging from MM-6001 to MM-6120. The instruments include forceps, scissors, needle holders, dilators, retractors, speculums, and other common surgical tools. All instruments are intended for single-use only and to be disposed of after a procedure.
This document discusses sterilization in dentistry. It defines sterilization as the process of destroying all microbial life from surfaces and instruments using physical and chemical methods. Sterilization is important in dentistry to prevent the spread of infections between patients and dental staff through contaminated instruments and surfaces. Instruments are classified as critical, semi-critical, or non-critical depending on infection risk. Common sterilization methods discussed are heat (dry and moist), radiation, and chemicals like phenols, alcohols, aldehydes, and gases. Monitoring of sterilization involves mechanical, chemical, and biological indicators to evaluate effectiveness.
The document provides an overview of common surgical instruments used in the operating room, including:
1) Cutting instruments like scalpel blades, scissors, and knives used to cut tissue.
2) Forceps used to grasp tissues, including smooth, toothed, and locking forceps.
3) Hemostatic forceps and clamps used to clamp blood vessels.
4) Retractors used to expose the surgical site by pulling tissues aside, including handheld, malleable, and self-retaining retractors.
The passage discusses the importance of teaching children about money at a young age through age-appropriate activities like allowances, savings jars, and helping with family shopping. Learning good financial habits early can set kids up for financial success as adults by developing an understanding of earning, spending, saving and the value of a dollar. Hands-on learning about money through real world activities can instill lifelong skills for managing personal finances responsibly.
This document categorizes and describes common surgical instruments used for cutting, grasping, clamping, dilating, and probing. It discusses scalpels, scissors, forceps, clamps, specula, scopes, retractors, and dilators. For each instrument type, it provides examples of specific instruments, describes their uses and features. It also briefly mentions common surgical procedures like setting up a sterile field, staple removal, wound irrigation and suturing, and incision and drainage.
The document lists and describes various medical instruments used in clinical settings, including their names, functions, and usage. Some examples provided are needle forceps for holding needles during suturing, dressing scissors for cutting gauze, ear syringes for ear irrigation, iris scissors for ophthalmic surgery, stitch scissors for cutting sutures, vomit bowls and sputum mugs as containers for patient specimens, sponge forceps for holding medical supplies, tongue forceps for holding the tongue during procedures, and speculums such as vaginal speculums for examinations.
This document provides information on the manufacturing process and types of surgical instruments. It discusses the materials used, key parts of instruments like jaws and handles. Different categories of instruments are outlined including cutting instruments, grasping instruments, hemostatic instruments, and retractors. Specific instruments are described in detail like scalpels, scissors, forceps, needle holders. Fine vascular instruments for microsurgery are also covered. The document aims to educate on the variety of instruments used in surgery and their functions.
Cast and immobilization techniques in orthopaedics by Dr O.O. AfuyeAlade Olubunmi
Cast, similar in function to splints are used to immobilize broken bones. The principles of its application and cast care most be followed for effectiveness.
This document provides an overview of basic orthopedic surgical instruments. It describes the main categories of instruments used in orthopedic surgeries, including forceps, scissors, retractors, periosteal elevators, rongeurs, nerve hooks, curettes, and dissectors/probes. For each category, it provides details on specific instrument types, including their names, parts, uses, and images. The summary focuses on the instrument categories and does not include details on specific instrument names or uses.
This document describes various types of surgical instruments used for clamping and occluding, specifically focusing on clamping instruments. It defines crushing clamps that are designed to crush tissue versus non-crushing clamps used to occlude tissue temporarily. The document outlines different types of haemostatic clamps including mosquito haemostats, Kelly haemostats, and right angle haemostats. It also discusses atraumatic non-crushing clamps and bulldog clamps. The anatomy of instruments is defined including joints, shanks, ratchets, finger rings, and jaws. Methods for passing instruments to surgeons are provided.
This document provides an overview of instrumentation and sterilization for oral and maxillofacial surgery. It discusses the history and evolution of dental instruments, including forceps, elevators and retractors. The principles and types of instrument joints, handles and retaining systems are described. Various instruments used for gaining access, reflection, retraction, holding tissues, bone removal and wound management are outlined. Finally, the document covers the principles of sterilization, including the mechanisms of different physical and chemical sterilization methods like autoclaving and hot air sterilization. Appropriate sterilization settings and cycle times for different instrument types are also listed.
The document discusses various topics related to surgical procedures including patient positioning, skin preparation, surgical incisions, suturing techniques, and types of sutures and needles. It provides details on different incision types for procedures like laparotomy and their advantages and disadvantages. It also describes characteristics of round-bodied needles, cutting needles, and factors to consider when choosing sutures and needles for procedures.
The document discusses various topics related to surgical procedures including patient positioning, skin preparation, surgical incisions, suturing techniques, and types of sutures and needles. It provides details on different incision types for procedures like laparotomy and their advantages and disadvantages. It also describes characteristics of various needles like shape, size, and applications as well as suture materials.
CASTRATION AND ITS TYPES IN VETERINARY ANIMALSDR AMEER HAMZA
This document provides information about castration in cattle. It discusses the reasons for castration including stopping male hormone production, use for draft purposes, and improving handling. Common castration methods are described - elastic band, Burdizzo tool, and surgical removal. Elastic band cuts off blood supply while Burdizzo crushes blood vessels. Surgical removal completely removes the testicles. Castration is best done at a young age and all methods should include pain relief. Aftercare involves monitoring for infection. The document concludes with references on castration research.
This document lists and describes various obstetrical instruments and equipment used to assist in animal births. It includes protective clothing, local anesthetics, lubricants, sutures, syringes, intravenous equipment, and various instruments for examining, cutting, grasping, pulling, and rotating fetal parts to aid in delivery. Key instruments mentioned are wire saws, rope carriers, obstetrical hooks, forceps, and torsion forks for fetal manipulation and extraction during difficult births.
general surgery Instruments-Revision copy.pptxm7sd4y47jv
This document describes various common surgical instruments and their uses. It discusses the parts of instruments like finger bows and shafts. It provides details on specific instruments like sponge holding forceps, towel clips, Bard Parker handles, surgical blades, Allis forceps, dissection forceps, artery forceps, needle holders, scissors, retractors, and Desjardins forceps. The key functions and applications of each instrument are outlined.
The document describes various surgical instruments including forceps, scissors, needle holders, and scalpels. It provides details on their uses, parts, and sizes. Some key instruments summarized are:
1. Sponge holding forceps which are long and straight with round fenestrated ends used to hold antiseptic materials.
2. Cheatle forceps which are large and heavy with serrated blades used to safely transport sterile items between trays.
3. Needle holders which have serrated tips and a box lock close to the tip for grasping needles during suturing.
4. Scalpel handles which come in different sizes to attach interchangeable surgical blades for cutting tasks.
This document discusses plaster casts, including their purpose, types, materials, and nursing care. Plaster casts are used to immobilize and protect injured body parts during healing. Common types include short/long arm casts and short/long leg casts. Plaster of Paris is the most common casting material as it hardens upon contact with water. Nurses must carefully assess skin under casts for complications and educate patients on cast care.
Surgical instruments are specially designed tools used to modify tissue or provide access during surgery. Common instruments include scalpels, forceps, scissors, needles, and retractors. Proper handling is important for safety, efficiency of movement, and to prevent damage to tissues and instruments. Scalpels should be held like a pen for precise cuts. Needles should be held two-thirds from the tip. Scissors and forceps are held with fingers in the rings. Hemostats are used gently to clamp vessels. Electrocautery uses a pen grip with the index finger as a trigger. Proper handling allows surgery to be facilitated with minimal tissue damage.
COMMON GENERAL SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS.pptxAjilAntony10
The document describes various common surgical instruments used in procedures. It provides details on the purpose and use of forceps such as thumb forceps, tissue forceps, DeBakey forceps, Adson forceps, and needle holder forceps. Retractors like Langenbeck retractors, Morris retractors, and Kelly retractors are also outlined. Other instruments mentioned include mosquito forceps, artery forceps, Babcock forceps, sponge holding forceps, Cheatle forceps, and Desjardins choledocholithotomy forceps. Cautery devices such as unipolar and bipolar cautery are also summarized.
This document categorizes and describes common basic surgical instruments. It divides instruments into four categories: retracting and exposing instruments, cutting and dissecting instruments, clamping and occluding instruments, and grasping and holding instruments. Within each category, specific instruments are defined, including their uses and any alternative names. Key instruments described include Deaver and Richardson retractors, various knife blades and scissors, hemostats and mosquitoes for clamping, and tissue forceps, needle holders, and sponge sticks for grasping tissues.
This document discusses various surgical techniques used in orthopedic surgery, including the use of tourniquets, patient positioning, radiographs, and draping. It provides details on:
- How tourniquets are used to temporarily occlude blood vessels and control blood flow during limb surgery.
- The history of tourniquet use and different tourniquet types.
- Guidelines for applying tourniquets, exsanguinating limbs, and setting appropriate pressure levels.
- Best practices for positioning patients, preparing surgical sites, and draping to ensure safety and sterile technique.
This document provides guidance on various injection techniques for sheep, including:
1. General hygiene practices like cleaning and disinfecting injection sites, proper disposal of needles, and keeping vaccinations up to date.
2. Details on subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, and intramammary injections, including recommended injection sites, needle sizes, and safety precautions for each technique.
3. Instructions for filling a syringe from a bottle, cleaning teat ends before intramammary injections, and properly disinfecting multi-use injection equipment.
4. Scissors
• All types of scissors can
have blunt or sharp
blades
• (A: Sharp:Sharp, B:
Blunt:Blunt).
5. • Mayo and Metzenbaum
• Mayo scissors (B) are used
for cutting heavy fascia and
sutures.
• Metzenbaum scissors (A)
are more delicate than
Mayo scissors.
• Metzenbaum scissors are
used to cut delicate tissues.
• Metzenbaum scissors have
a longer handle to blade
ratio.
6. • All types can have
either straight or curved
blades.
7. • Forceps: consist of two tines held together at
one end with a spring device that holds the
tines open. Forceps can be either tissue or
dressing forceps.
• Dressing forceps have smooth or smoothly
serrated tips.
• Tissue forceps have teeth to grip tissue. Many
forceps bear the name of the originator of the
design, such as Adson tissue forceps.
8. • Rat Tooth: A Tissue
Forceps
• Interdigitating teeth
hold tissue without
slipping.
• Used to hold skin/dense
tissue.
9. • Adson Tissue Forceps
• Small serrated teeth on
edge of tips.
• The Adsons tissue
forceps has delicate
serrated tips designed
for light, careful
handling of tissue.
10. • Intestinal Tissue Forceps:
Hinged (locking) forceps
used for grasping and
holding tissue.
• Allis: An Intestinal Tissue
Forceps
• Interdigitating short teeth
to grasp and hold bowel
or tissue.
• Slightly traumatic, use to
hold intestine, fascia and
skin.
11. • Babcock: An Intestinal
Tissue Forceps
• More delicate that Allis,
less directly traumatic.
• Broad, flared ends with
smooth tips.
• Used to atraumatically
hold viscera (bowel and
bladder).
12. • Sponge Forceps
• Sponge forceps can be
straight or curved.
• Sponge forceps can
have smooth or
serrated jaws.
• Used to atraumatically
hold viscera (bowel and
bladder).
13. • Hemostatic forceps: Hinged (locking) Forceps.
Many hemostatic forceps bear the name of
the designer (Kelly, Holstead, Crile). They are
used to clamp and hold blood vessels.
14. • Classification by size
and shape and size of
tips
• Hemostatic forceps and
hemostats may be
curved or straight.
15. • Kelly Hemostatic
Forceps and Mosquito
Hemostats
• Both are transversely
serrated.
• Mosquito hemostats (A)
are more delicate than
Kelly hemostatic forceps
(B).
16. • Comparison of Kelly
and Mosquito tips
• Mosquito hemostats (A)
have a smaller, finer tip.
17. • Carmalt
• Heavier than Kelly.
• Preferred for clamping
of ovarian pedicals
during an
ovariohysterectomy
surgery because the
serrations run
longitudinally.
18. • Doyen Intestinal Forceps
• Doyen intestinal forceps
are non-crushing
intestinal occluding
forceps with longitudinal
serrations.
• Used to temporarily
occlude lumen of bowel.
•
19. • Payr Pylorus Clamps
• Payr pylorus clamp is a
crushing intestinal
instrument.
• Used to occlude the
end of bowel to be
resected.
20. • Needle holder: Hinged
(locking) instrument used
to hold the needle while
suturing tissue.
• Good quality is ensured
with tungsten carbide
inserts at the tip of the
needle holder.
• Mayo-Hegar
• Heavy, with mildly
tapered jaws.
• No cutting blades.
21. • Olsen-Hegar
• Includes both needle
holding jaw and scissors
blades.
• The disadvantage to
having blades within
the needle holder is the
suture material may be
accidentally cut
22. • Senn
• Blades at each end.
• Blades can be blunt
(delicate) or sharp
(more traumatic, used
for fascia).
23. • Hohman
• Levers tissue away from
bone during orthopedic
procedures.
24. • Weitlaner
• Ends can be blunt or
sharp.
• Has rake tips.
• Ratchet to hold tissue
apart.
25. • Gelpi
• Has single point tips.
• Ratchet to hold tissue
apart.
31. • Scissors and Hemostats:
• The thumb and ring finger
are inserted into the rings
of the scissors while the
index and middle finger
are used to guide the
instrument.
• The instrument should
remain at the tips of the
fingers for maximum
control.
32. • This is the wrong way to
hold the scissors. The
ring finger should be
inserted into the ring.
33. • This is also the wrong
way to hold the
scissors. The tips of the
scissors should be
pointing upwards.
35. • Thumb Forceps are not
called 'tweezers'.
• Thumb Forceps are not
held like a knife.
36. • Scalpels:
• The scalpel is held with
thumb, middle and ring
finger while the index
finger is placed on the
upper edge to help guide
the scalpel.
• Long gentle cutting
strokes are less traumatic
to tissue than short
chopping motions.
38. Autoclave
• An autoclave is a self
locking machine that
sterilizes with steam
under pressure.
• Sterilization is achieved
by the high temperature
that steam under
pressure can reach.
• The high pressure also
ensures saturation of
wrapped surgical packs.
39. Autoclave Temperature Pressure
Time (min)
Settings (F) (PSI)
General
Wrapped 250 20 30
Items
Bottled
250 20 30
Solutions
'Flashing' 270 30 4-7
40. Preparation for sterilization
• All instruments must be double wrapped in
linen or special paper or placed in a special
metal box equipped with a filter before
sterilization.
• 'Flashing' is when an instrument is autoclaved
unwrapped for a shorter period of time.
'Flashing' is often used when a critical
instrument is dropped.
41. • Color Change
Sterilization Indicators
• The white stripes on the
tape change to black
when the appropriate
conditions (temperature)
have been met.
• Indicators should be on
the inside and outside of
equipment pack.
• Expiration dates should
be printed on all
equipment packs.
42. • Biological sterilization indicators contain
spores that are supplied in closed containers
and are included with the instrument being
autoclaved. Inability to culture the spores
after autoclaving confirms adequate
sterilization. Biological indicators are the most
accurate sterilization indicators.
43. Ethylene Oxide Sterilization: ETO
Gas
• Large Two-Chamber EtO
Sterilizer
• Colorless gas, very toxic and
flammable.
• Requires special equipment
• Odor similar to ether.
• Used for heat sensitive
instruments: plastics, suture
material, lenses and finely
sharpened instruments.
• Materials must be well aerated
after sterilization.
• Materials/instruments must
be dry.
44. Cold (Chemical) Sterilization
• Instruments must be dry
before immersion.
• Glutaraldehyde (Cidex) is
the most common
disinfectant.
• 3 hours exposure time is
needed to destroy spores.
• Glutaraldehyde is
bactericidal, fungicidal,
viricidal, and sporicidal.
45. Radiation Sterilization
• High energy ionizing radiation destroys microorganisms
and is used to sterilize prepacked surgical equipment.
• Used for instruments that can't be sterilized by heat or
chemicals.
• Common sources of radiation include electron beam
and Cobalt-60
49. Autograft After surgery, site is
immobilized: 3-7 days
Burns of face & head Elevate head of bed
Circumferential burns of Elevate extremities above the
extremities level of the heart
Skin graft Elevate & immobilize graft site
Avoid weight bearing
50. Hypophysectomy Elevate the head
Thyroidectomy Place in Semi-Fowlers
Sandbags or pillows may
be used to support the
head or neck.
51. Mastectomy Head of bed elevated at
least 30 0 (Semi-Fowlers)
w/ affected arm elevated
on a pillow
Turn only to the back &
unaffected side.
Perineal & Place on lithotomy post
vaginal
procedures
52. Hemorrhoidectomy Assist to a lateral (side-
lying) post
Gastroesophageal reflux Reverse Trendelenburg’s
post may be prescribed
53. Liver biopsy DURING:
Supine, w/ right side of upper
abd exposed
Right arm is raised &
extended over the left shoulder
behind the head
AFTER:
Assist to a lateral (side-lying) post
Place a small pillow or folded
towel under he puncture site for at
least 3 0 to provide pressure to the
site & prevent bleeding
54. Bronchoscopy Place in Semi-Fowlers post (to
postop prevent choking or aspiration
resulting from impaired ability
to swallow)
Laryngectomy Place in Semi-Fowlers or
(radical neck Fowler’s post (to maintain a
dissection) patent airway & minimize
edema)
1.Sengstaken- Maintain elevation of the head
Blakemore (3 of bed
lumen) &
Minnesota tubes
( 4 lumen)
55. Thoracentesis sitting on the edge of the bed
& leaning fwd over the
bedside table, w/ feet
supported on a stool, or lying
in bed on the unaffected side
w/ head of the bed elevated
about 45 0 Fowler’s post
Thoracotomy Lateral, unaffected side
56. Abd aneurysm After surgery, limit elevation of the
resection head to 45 0 Fowler’s post (to avoid
flexion of the graft)
May be turn from side to side
Amputation of 1st 24 0 after amputation, elevate foot of
lower extremity the bed
Consult physician & put in prone post
2x/day for a 20-3o min period
Arterial vascular Bed rest is maintained for 24 0,&
grafting of an affected extremity is kept straight.
extremity Limit movt & avoid flexion of the hip &
knee
57. Cardiac If femoral artery was used, maintain
catherization on bed rest for 3-4 0; client may turn
from side to side
Affected extremity is kept straight &
head is elevated no > 30 0 until
hemostasis is adequately achieved.
1. CHF & pulmonary Post upright, preferably w/ legs dangling
edema over the side of the bed
58. Peripheral arterial disease Obtain physicians order for positioning
Because swelling can prevent arterial blood flow,
advise to elevate feet at rest, but not raise legs
above the level of the heart (extreme elevation
slows blood flow), some are advised to maintain a
slightly dependent post (to promote perfusion)
DVT If extremity is red, edematous & painful &
traditional heparin therapy is initiated, bed rest w/
leg elevation may be prescribed
If receiving low-molecular-weight heparin,
usually can be out-of-bed after 24 0 if pain level
permits.
Varicose veins Leg elevation above heart level; minimized prolonged
sitting or standing during daily activities
59. 1. Cataract surgery Post-op: elevate head of bed
(Semi-Fowlers or Fowler’s) post
on the back or the non-operative
side (to prevent the devt of edema
at the operative site)
60. 1. Retinal If detachment is large, bedrest &
detachment/ bilateral eye patching may be
prescribed (to minimize eye movt &
prevent extension of the detachment)
Restrictions in activity & post ff a
repair of detachments depends on
the physician’s preference &
surgical procedure performed
If gas bubble has been injected to
flatten the retina & reinforce
repair, post so that the gas rises in
the eye & presses against the repair
(usually face down or angled toward
the unoperative site)
61. 1. Autonomic dysreflexia Elevate head of bed to High
Fowler’s post (to adequate
ventilation & assist in the
prevention of HPN stroke)
1. Cerebral aneurysm Bed rest is maintained w/ the
head of the bed elevated 30-45
0 Semi-Fowlers or Fowler’s
post (to prevent pressure on
the aneurysm site)
1. Cerebral angiography Maintain bed rest for
12-24 0 as prescribed
The extremity into w/c
the contrast medium is
injected is kept straight
& immobilized for 8 0
62. 1. CVA W/ hemorrhagic stroke, head of bed is
elevated to 30 0 (to reduce ICP & facilitate
venous drainage)
W/ ischemic stroke, head of bed is kept flat
Maintain head in midline, neutral post (to
facilitate venous drainage from the head)
Avoid extreme hip & neck flexion (extreme
hip flexion may increase intrathoracic
pressure; extreme neck flexion prohibits
venous drainage from the brain)
1. Craniotomy Don’t post on the operated site, esp if the bone
flap has been removed (because the brain has
no bony covering on the affected site)
Elevate head of bed to 30-45 0 Semi-Fowlers
or Fowler’s post & maintain head in midline,
neutral post (to facilitate venous drainage
from the head)
Avoid extreme hip & neck flexion
63. 1. Laminectomy Logroll the client
- surgical cutting When out of bed, back is kept straight
into the (placed in straight-backed chair) w/
backbone to feet resting comfortably on the floor
obtain access
into the spinal
cord.
1. ICP Elevate head of bed to 30-45 0 Semi-
Fowlers or Fowler’s post & maintain
head in midline, neutral post (to
facilitate venous drainage from the
head)
Avoid extreme hip & neck flexion
64. 1. Lumbar puncture DURING:
Assist to a lateral (side-lying) post,
w/ back bowed at the edge of the
examining table, knees flexed upto
abd, & head bent so that chin is
resting on the chest.
AFTER:
Place in supine post for 4-12 0 as
prescribed
1. Myelogram postop If water soluble dye is used, head of
bed is elevated to 30-60 0 for 12 0 (to
keep the dye from irritating the
cerebral meninges)
If oil-based dye is used, a supine post
for several hours after the dye has
been removed (to prevent leakage of
CSF)
65. Spinal cord injury/ Immobilize on spinal
backboard, w/ head in
neutral post (to
prevent complete
injury from becoming
complete)
Prevent head flexion,
rotation or extension;
head is immobilized
w/ a firm, padded
cervical collar.
Logroll the client; no
part of the body
should be twisted or
66. Total hip Post depends on surgical technique
replacement used, method of implantation &
prosthesis
Avoid extreme internal & external
rotation
Avoid adduction
Maintain abduction when in supine
post on the unoperative side
Check physician’s order re
elevation of head of bed; flexion is
usually limited: 60 0 : 1st post-op
week
90 0 : 2-3 mos thereafter