Manual screen printing is a modified version of stencil printing that was developed in England in the 1830s-1840s and became popular in India in the 1920s. It remains most commonly used by small-scale printers. The process involves stretching a bolting cloth screen fabric tightly over a frame, coating it with a photosensitive emulsion, exposing the screen to a color-separated design to insolubilize the emulsion, and washing away the unexposed emulsion to create stencil openings. The screen is then ready to use to force ink through the stencil openings and transfer the design to fabric by moving a squeegee over the screen surface.

1. SCREEN PRINTING MANUAL AUTOMATIC FLAT BED ROTARY SCREEN PRINTING

2. MANUAL SCREEN PRINTING MODIFIED VERSION OF STENCIL PRINTING DEVELOPED IN ENGLAND AROUNT 1830 - 1840 PRACTICED IN USA AROUND 1900 INDIA AROUND 1926 MOST POPULAR IN INDIA AMONGST SMALL SCALE PRINTERS

3. ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS SCREEN PRINTING TABLE TABLE TOPPED WITH JUTE FABRIC AND BACK GREY CLOTH WAX TOP TABLE TABLE TOPPED WITH REXIN CLOTH OR POLYESTER FILM COATED WITH STICKER ADHESIVE SCREEN FRAMES WOODEN METAL

4. ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS SCREEN FABRIC/BOLTING CLOTH SILK NYLON POLYESTER FABRIC MESH 100X100, 140X140, 300X300 etc COMMERCIAL DENOMINATION NUMBERS LIKE 12, 16, 18, 25, 40 etc

5. ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS SQUEEGEE RUBBER BLADE FIXED WITH WOODEN HANDLE AMOUNT OF PRINT PASTE TRANSFERRED DEPENDS ON PRESSURE APPLIED RUBBER HARDNESS SQUEEGEE PROFILE : ROUND, SHARP

6. PREPARATION OF DESIGN SCREENS SELECTION OF BOLTING CLOTH NATURE OF DESIGN FABRIC TO BE PRINTED LOW MESH: FOR BLOTCH DESIGN AND THICK/COARSE FABRIC TO BE PRINTED HIGH MESH: FOR FINE DESING AND FINE FABRIC TO BE PRINTED BOLTING CLOTH FIXATION ONTO SCREEN DRUM TAUT/PERFECTLY STRETCHED WOODEN FRAME METAL FRAME

7. DESIGN TRANSFER ONTO SCREEN DIRECT PAINTING PHOTOCHEMICAL PROCESS PRINCIPLE COATING OF SCREEN WITH PHOTOSENSITIVE EMULSION EXPOSURE OF SCREEN IN CONTACT WITH COLOUR SEPARATION EXPOSURE TO LIGHT INSOLUBILIZATION OF PHOTOSENSITIVE EMULSION ON EXPOSURE TO LIGHT WASHING SOLUBLE EMULSION

8. PHOTOSENSITIVE EMULSION POLYVINYL ALCOHOL 10% 900 gm POLYVINYL ACETATE 100 gm AMM. DICHROMATE 10 gm

9. STEPS INVOLVED COLOUR SEPARTION SEPARTE SCREEN FOR EACH COLOUR IN DESIGN MASTER DESIGN DESIGN REPEAT DEIGN FITTING MARKS MANUAL COLOUR SEPARATION CAD COLOUR SEPARATION EACH COLOUR SEPARTION IN BLACK INK.

10. STEPS INVOLVED 2. FIXING THE BOLTING CLOTH ON FRAME 3. WASHING WITH DETERGENT 4. DRYING 5. COATING WITH PHOTOSENSITIVE EMULSION 6. DRYING IN DARK 7. TRANSFER OF DESIGN 8. REMOVAL OF UNEXPOSED PHOTOSENSITIVE EMULSION BY WASHING 9. HARDENING WITH SYNTHETIC LAQUER 10. RETOUCHING FOR PIN HOLES 11. READY TO USE