lymphatic system, lymph, nodes, vessels,

1. L
YMPHATIC SYSTEM
By
RiyazAhmed
Asst.prof.
Dpt.Pharmacology
YPCRC

2. Contents
 Specific learning
objectives
 Introduction to lymph
 Functions of lymphatic
system
 Lymphatic circulation
 Lymphatic vessels

3. Specific learning objectives
After studying this section, you should be able to:
 Describe the parts and functions of lymphatic
system
 Describe the composition of lymph
 Explain the lymphatic circulation
 Identify the locations and
functions lymphatic vessels of the
body.
of the
main

4. Lymphatic System
 The lymphatic system is a major part of the body's
immune system
 The lymphatic system is a subset of the circulatory
system, with a number of actions.
 The lymphatic system is a network of organs, lymph
nodes, lymph ducts and lymph vessels that make and
move lymph from tissues of the blood stream.
 Lymphatic system is a specialized form of reticular
connective tissue that consists of tissues and organs that
produce, mature and store lymphocytes and
macrophages, for the body's defence purposes.

5.  It acts as a transport channel that carries white blood
cells to and from the lymph nodes into the bones
and antigen presenting cells to the lymph nodes.
 Lymphatic capillaries reabsorb excessive tissue fluid
and transport the fluid through the lymphatic
pathway, and ultimately dispose it into the blood.
 Lymphatic vessels carry lipid and lipid soluble
vitamins absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract to
blood.

6.  Lymphatic system consists
of
🞑 Lymph
🞑 Lymph vessels
🞑 Lymph nodes
🞑 Lymph organs
🞑 Diffuse lymphoid tissue
🞑 Bone marrow

7. Essentially a
drainage system
accessory to
venous system
larger particles that
escape into tissue fluid
can only be removed via
lymphatic system
Reference: Waugh, A. and Grant,
A., 2014. Ross & Wilson Anatomy and
physiology in health and illness E-book.
Elsevier Health Sciences.
L
YMPHATIC SYSTEM

8. Functions of the Lymphatic System
24-
 Reabsorbs excess interstitial fluid/ Tissue
drainage:
🞑 returns it to the venous circulation
🞑 maintain blood volume levels
🞑 prevent interstitial fluid levels from rising out of
control.
 Transport dietary lipids:
🞑 transported through lacteals
🞑 drain into larger lymphatic vessels
🞑 eventually into the bloodstream.

9. FORMATION AND TRANSPORT
OF TISSUE FLUID
Reference: Waugh, A. and Grant,
A., 2014. Ross & Wilson Anatomy and
physiology in health and illness E-book.
Elsevier Health Sciences.

10. Components of the Lymphatic
System
24
 Lymph
 Lymphatic Vessels
🞑 Lymphatic Capillaries
🞑 Lymphatic Vessels
🞑 Lymphatic Trunks
🞑 Lymphatic Ducts
 Lymphatic Organs
🞑 Thymus
🞑 Lymph Nodes
🞑 Spleen
🞑 Tonsils
 Lymphatic cells
Reference: Waugh, A. and Grant, A., 2014. Ross & Wilson Anatomy and physiology in health and illness E-book. Elsevier
Health Sciences.

11. A. Lymph
 Lymph is a clear watery fluid, similar in
composition to plasma, with the important
exception of plasma proteins, and identical in
composition to interstitial fluid.
 Lymph transports the plasma proteins that
sweep out of the capillary beds back to the
bloodstream.
 Lymph absorbs fats in small intestine and
becomes milky Chyle
 It also carries away bacteria and cell debris
from damaged tissues, which then filtered

12. Composition of
lymph

13. B. Lymph
Vessels
1. Lymphatic capillaries
2. Lymphatic collecting
vessels
3. Lymphatic trunks
4. Lymphatic ducts

14. Reference: Waugh, A. and Grant, A., 2014. Ross & Wilson Anatomy
and physiology in health and illness E-book. Elsevier Health Sciences.

15. 1. Lymphatic Capillaries
24-
Features of structure:
 Blind end
 Single layer of
overlapping endothelial
cells
 More permeable than that
of blood capillary
 Absent from avascular
structures, brain, spinal cord
splenic pulp and bone marrow
Reference: Waugh, A. and Grant, A., 2014. Ross &
Wilson Anatomy and physiology in health and

16. Lymphatic Capillaries – Lacteals
24-
 The small intestine contains special types
of lymphatic capillaries called lacteals.
 Lacteals pick up not only interstitial fluid,
but also dietary lipids and lipid-soluble
vitamins.
 The lymph of this area has a milky color
due to the lipid and is also called chyle.

17. 2. Lymphatic Vessels
24-
Features of structure
 Three layered wall but
thinner than vein
 Outer fibrous covering
 Middle muscle layer
 Inner endothelium
 More numerous valves than
in vein & Interposed by
lymph nodes at intervals
 Arranged in superficial
and deep sets

18. 3. L
YMPH TRUNKS
 right and left jugular trunks
 right and left subclavian trunks
 right and left
bronchomediastinaltrunks
 right and left lumbar trunks
 intestinal trunk
Reference: Waugh, A. and Grant,
A., 2014. Ross & Wilson Anatomy
and physiology in health and
illness E- book. Elsevier Health
Sciences.

19. 4. L
YMPHATIC DUCTS
24-
Right lymphatic duct
 Formed by union of right
jugular, subclavian, and
bronchomediastinal
trunks
 Ends by entering the
right venous angle to
right subclavian vein
Reference: Waugh, A. and Grant, A., 2014. Ross &
Wilson Anatomy and physiology in health and

20. ,
Thoracic duct
 Begins in front of L1 as a
dilated sac, the cisterna
chyli
 formed by left and right
lumbar trunks and
intestinal trunk
 Enter thoracic cavity
& ascends
 Travels upward,
the left at the level of
L
YMPHA
TIC DUCTS
Reference: Waugh, A. and Grant, A., 2014. Ross &
Wilson Anatomy and physiology in health and illness E-
book. Elsevier Health Sciences.

21. THORACIC DUCT…..
 At the root of the neck,
it turns laterally
 arches forwards and
descends to enter the
left venous angle
 before termination, it
receives the left jugular,
Subclavian and
broncho- mediastinal
trunk
Reference: Waugh, A. and Grant, A., 2014. Ross & Wilson

22. DRAINAGE P
A
TTERN
RIGHT L
YMPHATIC DUCT -
Receives lymph from right
half of head, neck, thorax and
right upper limb, right lung,
right side of heart, right surface
of liver
THORACIC DUCT - Drains
lymph from lower limbs,
pelvic cavity, abdominal
cavity, left side of thorax, and
left side of the head, neck and
left upper limb
Reference: Waugh, A. and Grant, A., 2014. Ross & Wilson Anatomy and physiology in health and illness E-book. Elsevier
Health Sciences.

23. Lymphatic Cells
24-
 Also called lymphoid cells.
 Located in both the lymphatic system and
the cardiovascular system.
 Work together to elicit an immune response.
 Types of lymphatic cells are:
🞑 macrophages
🞑 epithelial cells
🞑 dendritic cells
🞑 lymphocytes

24. Derivation and Distribution
of Lymphocytes
Reference: Waugh, A. and Grant, A., 2014. Ross & Wilson Anatomy and physiology in health and illness E-book.
Elsevier Health Sciences.

25. Summary
 Lymph is a colourless fluid derived from the ECF
 It is circulates through lymphatic
capillaries, lymphatic vessels, lymph
nodes, lymphatic trunks
and lymphatic ducts and
finally reaches heart
through venecava.
 It mainly helps in the maintenance of ECF
volume, absorption of nutrients from food in
intestines and in maturation of T and B cells

26. References
 Waugh, A. and Grant, A., 2014. Ross &
Wilson Anatomy and physiology in health
and illness E-book. Elsevier Health
Sciences.
 Tortora, G.J. and Derrickson, B.H., 2018.
Principles of anatomy and physiology.
John Wiley & Sons.
 Sembulingam, K. and Sembulingam, P
.,
2012. Essentials of medical physiology. JP
Medical Ltd.
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27. Yenepoya (Deemed to be
University)
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