This document summarizes strategies for preventing school violence. It discusses how violence in America and schools has increased substantially in recent years. Two key strategies mentioned are toughening weapons laws, such as establishing weapon-free school zones, and dealing with violent students through actions like expelling them, transferring them to alternative schools, and taking away privileges. The summary provides an overview of the high-level topics and main points covered in the document in under 3 sentences.
This essay analyzes the school-to-prison pipeline and its disproportionate impact on African American and Latino students. Zero tolerance policies in schools have led to increased suspensions and arrests of minority students for minor infractions. The essay recommends alternative policies like restorative justice programs and ending the privatization of prisons to reduce the criminalization of students and the financial incentives that contribute to the school-to-prison pipeline.
This document analyzes zero-tolerance policies in schools and their impact on youth. It discusses how zero-tolerance originated as a law enforcement measure to crack down on drugs and minor crimes. It was later adopted by schools to promote safety but has led to unreasonable punishments for minor infractions. Studies show these policies disproportionately impact minority students and have increased arrests of female students. While some support the policies for preventing violence, others see a need for reform given the detrimental effects.
This document summarizes the Republic Act 10627 (Anti-Bullying Act of 2013) and its implementing rules and regulations regarding bullying. It defines bullying and its different types. It provides data on bullying incidence among students. It outlines the duties of schools to adopt anti-bullying policies, educate students and parents, and properly handle bullying cases. It establishes Child Protection Committees to help address bullying and ensure policies are implemented. It describes procedures for schools to follow when responding to and investigating reports of bullying.
Resolution 19.16 Establishing the “Know Your Rights” Campaign for Student Pro...AnthonyAvella1
This document is a resolution from the Pennsylvania State University's Undergraduate Student Association establishing a "Know Your Rights" campaign for student protests. It notes that protests have increased to address social injustice and many people are still unaware of their legal rights to protest. The resolution recommends hosting an educational panel in January 2022 to inform students of their First Amendment rights to peacefully protest and what to do if approached by police. The Department of Public Relations will promote the event through social media. The goal is to empower students to engage in civic participation through informed protest.
This annotated bibliography contains sources related to campus carry laws and safety. The sources cover topics such as the constitutionality of campus carry restrictions, the effectiveness of gun-free zones, approaches to threat assessment, and the need for an interdisciplinary analysis of school violence. One source proposes that allowing concealed carry on campus may help discourage mass shootings by enabling citizens to stop violence, while others argue that educational institutions should determine their own policies without legislative interference.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis - Student Discipline, PPT.William Kritsonis
The document discusses student discipline policies and procedures in Texas schools. It outlines the key aspects of Chapter 37 of the Texas Education Code regarding student conduct codes, suspension, DAEP placement, expulsion, emergency removals, and due process requirements. It also discusses the interplay between school discipline and the juvenile justice system.
This document summarizes current laws related to bullying and cyberbullying, and approaches to addressing these issues. It discusses:
1) Most states have laws against bullying, some specific to cyberbullying, while federal laws prohibit discrimination. However, schools' responsibility for off-campus cyberbullying is unclear.
2) A comprehensive approach is needed, involving students, parents, schools, and communities, using a Coordinated School Health model to implement prevention strategies consistently.
3) Prevention and education must target both children and adults to effectively address cyberbullying issues challenging communities.
This essay analyzes the school-to-prison pipeline and its disproportionate impact on African American and Latino students. Zero tolerance policies in schools have led to increased suspensions and arrests of minority students for minor infractions. The essay recommends alternative policies like restorative justice programs and ending the privatization of prisons to reduce the criminalization of students and the financial incentives that contribute to the school-to-prison pipeline.
This document analyzes zero-tolerance policies in schools and their impact on youth. It discusses how zero-tolerance originated as a law enforcement measure to crack down on drugs and minor crimes. It was later adopted by schools to promote safety but has led to unreasonable punishments for minor infractions. Studies show these policies disproportionately impact minority students and have increased arrests of female students. While some support the policies for preventing violence, others see a need for reform given the detrimental effects.
This document summarizes the Republic Act 10627 (Anti-Bullying Act of 2013) and its implementing rules and regulations regarding bullying. It defines bullying and its different types. It provides data on bullying incidence among students. It outlines the duties of schools to adopt anti-bullying policies, educate students and parents, and properly handle bullying cases. It establishes Child Protection Committees to help address bullying and ensure policies are implemented. It describes procedures for schools to follow when responding to and investigating reports of bullying.
Resolution 19.16 Establishing the “Know Your Rights” Campaign for Student Pro...AnthonyAvella1
This document is a resolution from the Pennsylvania State University's Undergraduate Student Association establishing a "Know Your Rights" campaign for student protests. It notes that protests have increased to address social injustice and many people are still unaware of their legal rights to protest. The resolution recommends hosting an educational panel in January 2022 to inform students of their First Amendment rights to peacefully protest and what to do if approached by police. The Department of Public Relations will promote the event through social media. The goal is to empower students to engage in civic participation through informed protest.
This annotated bibliography contains sources related to campus carry laws and safety. The sources cover topics such as the constitutionality of campus carry restrictions, the effectiveness of gun-free zones, approaches to threat assessment, and the need for an interdisciplinary analysis of school violence. One source proposes that allowing concealed carry on campus may help discourage mass shootings by enabling citizens to stop violence, while others argue that educational institutions should determine their own policies without legislative interference.
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis - Student Discipline, PPT.William Kritsonis
The document discusses student discipline policies and procedures in Texas schools. It outlines the key aspects of Chapter 37 of the Texas Education Code regarding student conduct codes, suspension, DAEP placement, expulsion, emergency removals, and due process requirements. It also discusses the interplay between school discipline and the juvenile justice system.
This document summarizes current laws related to bullying and cyberbullying, and approaches to addressing these issues. It discusses:
1) Most states have laws against bullying, some specific to cyberbullying, while federal laws prohibit discrimination. However, schools' responsibility for off-campus cyberbullying is unclear.
2) A comprehensive approach is needed, involving students, parents, schools, and communities, using a Coordinated School Health model to implement prevention strategies consistently.
3) Prevention and education must target both children and adults to effectively address cyberbullying issues challenging communities.
The Safe Schools Act (Bill 212) was passed in 2000 to address issues like bullying, violence, weapons and drugs in schools. It allowed administrators to expel students and teachers to suspend them. However, it led to high suspension and expulsion rates for minority students. In response, Bill 81 revised the zero tolerance approach. It required schools to use progressive discipline and consider mitigating factors before suspending students. Certain offenses like robbery, assault or weapons possession still require mandatory suspensions or could lead to expulsion, which must be recommended by the principal but decided by the school board. The acts aimed to balance school safety with equitable treatment of students.
Chapter 8 student discipline - Lecture Notes William Allan Kritsonis, PhDWilliam Kritsonis
The document discusses school discipline rules and policies. It notes that courts generally defer to educators' interpretations of rules (paragraph 1). It recommends that rules be few, clear, and explained to students (paragraphs 2-3). Certain rules around free speech require special care (paragraph 4). The document outlines the student discipline process in Texas schools, including suspension, DAEP placement, expulsion, and appeal rights (paragraphs 5-13).
Right to free and compulsory education is the basic and most effective tool to bring child abuse to an end. A number of countries including India appear determined to provide quality elementary education to all its children to facilitate their proper growth and development.
The document discusses various laws and court cases related to discrimination and education in the US, including desegregation efforts beginning with Brown v. Board of Education in 1954. It also covers student assessment and accountability measures implemented in Texas, such as the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (TAKS) exam and requirements for adequate yearly progress under the No Child Left Behind Act.
Bullying in schools psychological implications and counselling interventionsAlexander Decker
Bullying is a common problem in schools worldwide that can have serious psychological consequences. The document discusses bullying in schools, defining it as repeated negative acts intended to cause harm, physically or psychologically. Bullies often target those seen as different or vulnerable. Studies from several countries including the US, UK, Canada, and Scandinavia show bullying affects 10-30% of students. Effective counseling interventions are needed to address the problems of bullying and promote a safe school environment.
The Influence Of Gender On The Attitude Of Teachers Towards Outlawing Of Corp...iosrjce
The abolishment of corporal punishment without finding effective alternative methods of managing
behavior in pupils has led to indiscipline and conflicts in primary schools in Kenya. The study sought to
establish whether there is any influence of gender on the attitude of teachers towards outlawing of corporal
punishment in primary schools in Nandi North District. The population of the study comprised of primary
school teachers in Nandi North district. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The target population
was 713 teachers, however, the sample size was 217 teachers selected through stratified sample random
sampling techniques whereby schools were grouped according to their various characteristics and participating
schools picked randomly by lottery method to ensure equal chances of participation with the selected schools.
Data was collected by use of closed-ended questionnaire and interview schedules. Data was then analyzed by
use of frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used
to test whether there is an influence of teachers’ gender, on attitudes towards the outlawing of corporal
punishment in Nandi North district primary schools. Results of the study showed gender had significant
influence on teachers’ attitudes towards outlawing of corporal punishment in schools. In view of the findings,
the study recommends a need to create awareness on alternative methods to corporal punishment and also the
overall effects of corporal punishment on the child.
The DepEd Order No. 40, s. 2012 establishes the Child Protection Policy which declares a zero tolerance for child abuse, exploitation, violence, discrimination, and bullying. It requires schools to ensure child safety and protect children's rights. Schools must form Child Protection Committees to prevent prohibited acts, conduct staff training, and follow procedures to report and investigate incidents. Victims may be referred to social services for assistance. The policy aims to make schools safe places for children through enforcement of protective measures.
Teacher experiences of disciplinary measures in tanzania adventist secondary ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on teacher experiences with disciplinary measures in Tanzanian secondary schools. Specifically, it examines a case study of Tanzania Adventist Secondary School. The study aims to describe patterns of disciplinary measures, identify relationships between learning and discipline, assess national policy implementation, and propose opportunities for change. It reviews related literature on reasons for and against corporal punishment. The methodology section describes using a qualitative case study approach, interviewing 6 teachers to understand disciplinary experiences in depth at this school in particular.
This document is an introduction to proposed anti-bullying legislation in the Philippines called the Anti-Bullying Act of 2008. It discusses the negative impacts of bullying on students' health and well-being according to studies. The proposed bill would require all school districts to adopt policies prohibiting harassment, intimidation, and bullying of students. It would also require schools to inform students, parents, and staff about these policies. The bill aims to encourage schools to take proactive measures to protect children from the effects of bullying.
1. The document contains the standings and results for Week 3 of the IV LIGA DE INVIERNO bowling league.
2. Jose M. Antequera and Janet Caroca had strong performances in Week 3, each winning 3 of their 4 games.
3. Adalberto Mariño went undefeated in Week 3, winning all 4 of his games and scoring 540 pins.
Web tools at work Official use of Social Media at the City of Salisbury.Rhys Moult
How the Local Government organisation, City of Salisbury in South Australia, is employing Social Media. The early stages of the official Social Media strategy and the policies involved.
Digital profiles in 2012. 10 tips for AITD presentation in AdelaideRhys Moult
This document provides 10 tips for developing an online profile in 2012. It recommends businesses create a web presence, use their own devices and technology of their own, get their business visible online, embrace technological changes, and seek endorsements from others to strengthen their online profile. The document is authored by Rhys Moult, an eBusiness Strategic Advisor for the City of Salisbury.
Las bibliotecas universitarias están desarrollando nuevos servicios de publicación digital para adaptarse a los cambios en la comunicación académica causados por las tecnologías de la información. Estos servicios de publicación de bibliotecas, también conocidos como Library Publishing Services, incluyen alojamiento de revistas electrónicas, gestión de conferencias y repositorios institucionales. Aunque estos servicios comenzaron en América del Norte, ahora se están implementando en bibliotecas de América Latina como una forma de promover la comunicación académ
Hamilton is located in the Waikato region of New Zealand's North Island. The slideshow provides information about famous people associated with Hamilton as well as places to visit around the city and region. A map of Hamilton is also included to help orient viewers to locations mentioned in the slideshow.
Authors - NFEAS JOURNAL, 31(1) 2013-2014 - Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Edito...William Kritsonis
This document appears to be a list of names published in the NFEAS JOURNAL, which is the journal of the National Alumni Honor Roll of Published Writers. It contains over 300 names, many of which are listed with numbers indicating how many times they have been published in the journal. The list seems to serve as a record of writers who have been published in the NFEAS JOURNAL.
Dr. William Kritsonis, National FORUM Journals, www.nationalforum.comWilliam Kritsonis
This document summarizes a paper about transformational leadership in 21st century schools. It discusses how traditional leadership models focus on technical and rational approaches that do not account for organizational factors impacting outcomes. Transformational leadership uses cultural capital through acquired knowledge and social capital via relationships and networks to create a transferable leadership model. 21st century schools aim to prepare students holistically through specialized curriculum, pedagogy, proficiency, multicultural literacy and performance. Effective leadership in these schools requires distributed and developmental approaches that transform culture and the instructional core.
National FORUM Journals - www.nationalforum.com
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis
Editor-in-Chief
NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS
(Founded 1983)
Over 5,000 professors published. A group of national refereed periodicals.
This presentation was construction using information found in the public domain. It is not an up-to-date, accurate account and should not be used as official information.
Mr. Cooke is the principal of Melville Intermediate School in Hamilton, New Zealand. He takes pride in his school and ensures all students are happy. The school has class gardens, a large hall for assemblies, options classes for talents, a library, sports fields, and a canteen. It also has uniforms, year 7 day camp, and year 8 week-long camp. The teachers and students are friendly and welcoming to new students.
The Safe Schools Act (Bill 212) was passed in 2000 to address issues like bullying, violence, weapons and drugs in schools. It allowed administrators to expel students and teachers to suspend them. However, it led to high suspension and expulsion rates for minority students. In response, Bill 81 revised the zero tolerance approach. It required schools to use progressive discipline and consider mitigating factors before suspending students. Certain offenses like robbery, assault or weapons possession still require mandatory suspensions or could lead to expulsion, which must be recommended by the principal but decided by the school board. The acts aimed to balance school safety with equitable treatment of students.
Chapter 8 student discipline - Lecture Notes William Allan Kritsonis, PhDWilliam Kritsonis
The document discusses school discipline rules and policies. It notes that courts generally defer to educators' interpretations of rules (paragraph 1). It recommends that rules be few, clear, and explained to students (paragraphs 2-3). Certain rules around free speech require special care (paragraph 4). The document outlines the student discipline process in Texas schools, including suspension, DAEP placement, expulsion, and appeal rights (paragraphs 5-13).
Right to free and compulsory education is the basic and most effective tool to bring child abuse to an end. A number of countries including India appear determined to provide quality elementary education to all its children to facilitate their proper growth and development.
The document discusses various laws and court cases related to discrimination and education in the US, including desegregation efforts beginning with Brown v. Board of Education in 1954. It also covers student assessment and accountability measures implemented in Texas, such as the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (TAKS) exam and requirements for adequate yearly progress under the No Child Left Behind Act.
Bullying in schools psychological implications and counselling interventionsAlexander Decker
Bullying is a common problem in schools worldwide that can have serious psychological consequences. The document discusses bullying in schools, defining it as repeated negative acts intended to cause harm, physically or psychologically. Bullies often target those seen as different or vulnerable. Studies from several countries including the US, UK, Canada, and Scandinavia show bullying affects 10-30% of students. Effective counseling interventions are needed to address the problems of bullying and promote a safe school environment.
The Influence Of Gender On The Attitude Of Teachers Towards Outlawing Of Corp...iosrjce
The abolishment of corporal punishment without finding effective alternative methods of managing
behavior in pupils has led to indiscipline and conflicts in primary schools in Kenya. The study sought to
establish whether there is any influence of gender on the attitude of teachers towards outlawing of corporal
punishment in primary schools in Nandi North District. The population of the study comprised of primary
school teachers in Nandi North district. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The target population
was 713 teachers, however, the sample size was 217 teachers selected through stratified sample random
sampling techniques whereby schools were grouped according to their various characteristics and participating
schools picked randomly by lottery method to ensure equal chances of participation with the selected schools.
Data was collected by use of closed-ended questionnaire and interview schedules. Data was then analyzed by
use of frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used
to test whether there is an influence of teachers’ gender, on attitudes towards the outlawing of corporal
punishment in Nandi North district primary schools. Results of the study showed gender had significant
influence on teachers’ attitudes towards outlawing of corporal punishment in schools. In view of the findings,
the study recommends a need to create awareness on alternative methods to corporal punishment and also the
overall effects of corporal punishment on the child.
The DepEd Order No. 40, s. 2012 establishes the Child Protection Policy which declares a zero tolerance for child abuse, exploitation, violence, discrimination, and bullying. It requires schools to ensure child safety and protect children's rights. Schools must form Child Protection Committees to prevent prohibited acts, conduct staff training, and follow procedures to report and investigate incidents. Victims may be referred to social services for assistance. The policy aims to make schools safe places for children through enforcement of protective measures.
Teacher experiences of disciplinary measures in tanzania adventist secondary ...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on teacher experiences with disciplinary measures in Tanzanian secondary schools. Specifically, it examines a case study of Tanzania Adventist Secondary School. The study aims to describe patterns of disciplinary measures, identify relationships between learning and discipline, assess national policy implementation, and propose opportunities for change. It reviews related literature on reasons for and against corporal punishment. The methodology section describes using a qualitative case study approach, interviewing 6 teachers to understand disciplinary experiences in depth at this school in particular.
This document is an introduction to proposed anti-bullying legislation in the Philippines called the Anti-Bullying Act of 2008. It discusses the negative impacts of bullying on students' health and well-being according to studies. The proposed bill would require all school districts to adopt policies prohibiting harassment, intimidation, and bullying of students. It would also require schools to inform students, parents, and staff about these policies. The bill aims to encourage schools to take proactive measures to protect children from the effects of bullying.
1. The document contains the standings and results for Week 3 of the IV LIGA DE INVIERNO bowling league.
2. Jose M. Antequera and Janet Caroca had strong performances in Week 3, each winning 3 of their 4 games.
3. Adalberto Mariño went undefeated in Week 3, winning all 4 of his games and scoring 540 pins.
Web tools at work Official use of Social Media at the City of Salisbury.Rhys Moult
How the Local Government organisation, City of Salisbury in South Australia, is employing Social Media. The early stages of the official Social Media strategy and the policies involved.
Digital profiles in 2012. 10 tips for AITD presentation in AdelaideRhys Moult
This document provides 10 tips for developing an online profile in 2012. It recommends businesses create a web presence, use their own devices and technology of their own, get their business visible online, embrace technological changes, and seek endorsements from others to strengthen their online profile. The document is authored by Rhys Moult, an eBusiness Strategic Advisor for the City of Salisbury.
Las bibliotecas universitarias están desarrollando nuevos servicios de publicación digital para adaptarse a los cambios en la comunicación académica causados por las tecnologías de la información. Estos servicios de publicación de bibliotecas, también conocidos como Library Publishing Services, incluyen alojamiento de revistas electrónicas, gestión de conferencias y repositorios institucionales. Aunque estos servicios comenzaron en América del Norte, ahora se están implementando en bibliotecas de América Latina como una forma de promover la comunicación académ
Hamilton is located in the Waikato region of New Zealand's North Island. The slideshow provides information about famous people associated with Hamilton as well as places to visit around the city and region. A map of Hamilton is also included to help orient viewers to locations mentioned in the slideshow.
Authors - NFEAS JOURNAL, 31(1) 2013-2014 - Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Edito...William Kritsonis
This document appears to be a list of names published in the NFEAS JOURNAL, which is the journal of the National Alumni Honor Roll of Published Writers. It contains over 300 names, many of which are listed with numbers indicating how many times they have been published in the journal. The list seems to serve as a record of writers who have been published in the NFEAS JOURNAL.
Dr. William Kritsonis, National FORUM Journals, www.nationalforum.comWilliam Kritsonis
This document summarizes a paper about transformational leadership in 21st century schools. It discusses how traditional leadership models focus on technical and rational approaches that do not account for organizational factors impacting outcomes. Transformational leadership uses cultural capital through acquired knowledge and social capital via relationships and networks to create a transferable leadership model. 21st century schools aim to prepare students holistically through specialized curriculum, pedagogy, proficiency, multicultural literacy and performance. Effective leadership in these schools requires distributed and developmental approaches that transform culture and the instructional core.
National FORUM Journals - www.nationalforum.com
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis
Editor-in-Chief
NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS
(Founded 1983)
Over 5,000 professors published. A group of national refereed periodicals.
This presentation was construction using information found in the public domain. It is not an up-to-date, accurate account and should not be used as official information.
Mr. Cooke is the principal of Melville Intermediate School in Hamilton, New Zealand. He takes pride in his school and ensures all students are happy. The school has class gardens, a large hall for assemblies, options classes for talents, a library, sports fields, and a canteen. It also has uniforms, year 7 day camp, and year 8 week-long camp. The teachers and students are friendly and welcoming to new students.
EDUL 8003 Dissertation - Dr. William Allan KritsonisWilliam Kritsonis
EDUL 8003 Dissertation - Dr. William Allan Kritsonis
About William Allan Kritsonis, PhD
Dr. Kritsonis is Professor of Educational Leadership at Prairie View A&M University – Member of the Texas A&M University System. He teaches in the PhD Program in Educational Leadership. Dr. Kritsonis taught the Inaugural class session in the doctoral program at the start of the fall 2004 academic year. In October 2006, Dr. Kritsonis chaired the first doctoral student to earn a PhD in Educational Leadership at Prairie View A&M University. Dr. Kritsonis has chaired 22 doctoral dissertations along with serving as a committee member on many others.
Dr. Kritsonis Lectures at the University of Oxford, Oxford, England
In 2005, Dr. Kritsonis was an Invited Visiting Lecturer at the Oxford Round Table at Oriel College in the University of Oxford, Oxford, England. His lecture was entitled the Ways of Knowing Through the Realms of Meaning.
Dr. Kritsonis Recognized as Distinguished Alumnus
In 2004, Dr. William Allan Kritsonis was recognized as the Central Washington University Alumni Association Distinguished Alumnus for the College of Education and Professional Studies. Dr. Kritsonis was nominated by alumni, former students, friends, faculty, and staff. Final selection was made by the Alumni Association Board of Directors. Recipients are CWU graduates of 20 years or more and are recognized for achievement in their professional field and have made a positive contribution to society. For the second consecutive year, U.S. News and World Report placed Central Washington University among the top elite public institutions in the west. CWU was 12th on the list in the 2006 On-Line Education of “America’s Best Colleges.”
This document is a slide show presentation from a New Zealand intermediate school asking questions about South Africa. The questions cover topics like South Africa's national animal and currency, whether mosquitoes are a problem, details about houses and favorite foods, population statistics, pictures, similarities between the two countries, school holidays, classrooms, and floods. The presentation concludes by thanking the viewer and requesting answers to the questions about South Africa.
The Influence of Parents on the Persistence Decisions of First-generation Col...William Kritsonis
The Influence of Parents on the Persistence Decisions of First-generation College Students by Dr. Steven B. Westbrook and Dr. Joyce A. Scott - NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS - www.nationalforum.com - Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief, Houston, Texas
Parents' Perceptions and Attitudes for Denying Bilingual Education by Dr. Mar...William Kritsonis
Parents' Perceptions and Attitudes for Denying Bilingual Education by Dr. Maria Hinojosa and Luz Elena Martinez - Published in NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS - www.nationalforum.com - Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief
Biznes plan przedsiębiorstwa internetowego MLMveryfikator
Schemat prezentuje zasady dzialania przedsiębiorstwa budującego sieć konsumentów zaopatrujących się przez internet w produkty bezpośrednio od producenta.
Lunenburg, fred c the crisis management plan nfeasj v27 n4 2010William Kritsonis
The article discusses the nine steps that should be included in an ideal school crisis management plan: 1) form a crisis management team, 2) conduct safety audits, 3) develop policies for various emergencies, 4) conduct safety drills, 5) develop a discipline plan, 6) provide means for students to communicate concerns, 7) teach alternatives to violence, 8) evaluate administrative practices, and 9) identify students at risk for violence. The crisis management plan aims to ensure school safety and prepare for any potential crisis by adhering to comprehensive guidelines.
This document discusses the issue of school violence and ways to prevent it. It defines school violence and provides statistics on the prevalence and impact of violence in schools. The document also discusses factors that contribute to school violence like bullying and reviews policies and programs aimed at preventing violence, such as the Stop School Violence Act, threat assessment training, and Red Ribbon Week activities. The overall goal is to educate students and parents on the issue of school violence and strategies to promote safety in schools.
1
Sample Essay
TEXAS POLICY REPORT
Your Name
PROFESSOR
GOVT 2306-XXXXX
Semester and Year
WORD COUNT: 1580 (EXCLUDING CITATIONS)
TITLE: SCHOOL VIOLENCE
2
School Violence
On Wednesday April, 2014 in Murrysville Pennsylvania, a teenage boy wielding two
kitchen knives went on a stabbing rampage at the Franklin Regional High School. Twenty-four
people were injured, and at least five of those people were critically wounded including a boy
who is on a ventilator after the knife pierced his liver (CBS Pittsburg). According to the CDC’s
School Associated Violent Death Study, between 1% and 2% of all homicides among school-age
children happen on school grounds or on the way to and from school. These serious and
continuous acts of violence make us ask certain questions: Are students going through an
unexplainable change? Are schools no longer a place for individuals to learn and develop skills
that would mold them into being profitable citizens for themselves and their country? Are the
causes of these violent acts psychological or emotional? And what role has the government
played in limiting the advancement of school violence? Schools are an integral part of our
society, and as violence escalates in society so does the violence in our schools.
There is a problem eating at the educational system in the U.S, a dilemma that has
completely obstructed and deflated the scholastic organization in a negative way. For several
decades now, news of mass shootings, murders, rapes, and suicides in schools have dominated
the media and soaked into the consciousness of Americans everywhere. Schools are not only
dealing with providing an excellent education for their students but they are also dealing with
threats, students bringing weapons to school, and the protection of their students. The purpose of
this study is to examine the relationship between school violence and violence in the society and
to provide selected solutions to reduce school violence.
The question now arises: who is to blame for this? To address this increasing social
problem, theories have been developed. From the book, The Evolution of School Disturbance in
3
America, Gordon Crews discusses eight theories why youth become delinquent; nevertheless,
only three stand out. To begin with, the Positivism theory “emphasize[s] the offender’s personal
and also background characteristics rather than just the rational thought process and free will”
(9). In other words, the individual’s background, the “biological, psychological, sociological,
cultural, and physical environments” are to blame for his or her conduct (10). The Biological
theory believes that “criminal behavior is inbred, not learned” (10). In essence, the student
suppresses his emotions until he explodes in a bid to take control of his life (Bonilla). In
contrast, the Behaviorist theory argues that “people act a certain way becaus.
Running head: LITERATURE REVIEW 1
LITERATURE REVIEW 43
Literature Review
Police Involvement with discipline among the Youths
Introduction
The police routinely arrest and transport youths to a juvenile detention center for minor classrooms misbehaviors. The police are given fettered authority to stop, frisk, detain, question, search and arrest school children on and off school grounds. Some are even permanently stationed in nearly every high school. Very many schools employ this method in the country to get discipline in the high-schools (Mallett, 2016). It is considered that this method pushes the children out of the classrooms. It is believed that they are forced out of classrooms into other crimes in the society. The criminal justice system at alarming rates leads to many students being siphoned into the criminal justice system a process called school-to-prison pipeline. The policy encourages police presence at schools, harsh tactics including physical restraint, and automatic punishments that result in suspensions and out-of-class time are vast contributors of the pipeline, but the problem is more complicated than that (Guenther & Taylor, 2016).
The process of youth punishment at school
The process begins with combined zero-tolerance policies in the classroom. When the teacher needs to punish the students, they are referred to the school in the prison system. The process might not be direct, but they are pushed out of class, this will lead students engaging in anti-social behaviors that will lead to them being detained by the police officers designed by the school. The zero-tolerance policies have pre-determined punishments for a full degree of rule violations. The system does not distinguish between serious and non-serious offenses. All student who makes such mistakes is committed to the same level of punishments. The most common example would be showing any signs of indiscipline to the teacher (Guenther & Taylor, 2016).
The second reason is mostly due to school disturbances laws that for example fighting in school or participating in racially discriminatory activities. These policies are managed mainly by school resources officers. The crime that has led to most youths being expelled under this category are students coming to school with drugs or weapons like guns. Male students have registered the highest number of expulsion under the same policies.
Finally, when the kids break municipal laws, they are likely to face the same consequences. The city ordinances that are mostly broken include; youth and students organizing parties that run late into the night causing disturbance to the neighboring community that in turn calls the police. In this case, females who cannot vanish as quickly enough are the ones that are highly.
Lunenburg, fred c reducing school violence v1 n1 2010William Kritsonis
This article discusses ways to reduce school violence and classroom disruptions by creating an orderly learning environment. It recommends that schools (1) establish and emphasize academic and behavioral goals, (2) develop a student handbook that clearly outlines rules and consequences, and (3) consistently enforce policies around dress codes, contraband searches, graffiti, electronic devices, and facility design. The article provides examples of specific policies and reviews legal precedents related to student rights.
Lunenburg, fred c reducing school violence v1 n1 2010William Kritsonis
This article discusses ways to reduce school violence and classroom disruptions by creating an orderly learning environment. It recommends that schools (1) establish and emphasize academic and behavioral goals, and (2) develop and consistently enforce rules and procedures. Specific strategies include implementing dress codes, managing behavior with clear discipline standards, using caution with student searches, quickly removing graffiti, banning disruptive items like beepers, and improving school design and supervision. The article concludes that prioritizing goals and rules creates a safe, productive learning environment.
Perceptions of teachers towards the student expulsion procedures in Hwange di...Premier Publishers
The document discusses perceptions of teachers towards student expulsion procedures in Zimbabwean secondary schools. It reveals that teachers think the current expulsion procedures are very ineffective as few students have actually been expelled, despite many committing serious acts of indiscipline. The main reason cited for this is that the process of expelling a deserving student is too lengthy and difficult. The study recommends that expulsion procedures be shortened to deter would-be offenders and help maintain school discipline.
NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Founded 1982 (www.nationalforum.com) is a group of national and international refereed journals. NFJ publishes articles on colleges, universities and schools; management, business and administration; academic scholarship, multicultural issues; schooling; special education; teaching and learning; counseling and addiction; alcohol and drugs; crime and criminology; disparities in health; risk behaviors; international issues; education; organizational theory and behavior; educational leadership and supervision; action and applied research; teacher education; race, gender, society; public school law; philosophy and history; psychology, sociology, and much more. Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief.
1
Assignment 1: Position Paper One – Social and Cultural Norms
By
Student Name
SOC105: Society and the Media
Professor Doar-Sinkfield
Date
Disclaimer: This is a sample. Use this as an example and create your own essay.
2
Introduction
Mass media is not the primary decision-maker of family values. Americans have
traditional values that are not influenced by mass media given that agenda-setting theory states
media does not tell us to do, however as stated in the Taking Sides: Clashing Views in Media
and Society textbook, “the “agenda setting theory” of communication, which posits that media
do not tell us what to think, but rather, tell us what to think about, to studies of para-social
interactions (the relationship we form with people whom we see in media), and ideas of
resonance, which describes how we relate to the images we see in media.” (Alexander 3) This
premise allows families to differentiate between what is real and what is false on mass media,
thereby preventing mass media influences from infiltrating family values.
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obnionvkl;dflk;kkl;x kl;mgklfdnongf. Aov l;kfdj poi s aovnkl;nerl;nigoha;in; svoinkle;rnkoy;
ios vldfiuhaiol; nlk;a v oivo aknglkk aov okelnakl uoipv jioapiuopjklfja 9pa jfkodjsi9pb
aioimfokdsnkla 9oiedo.
Commuting to that job is a long challenge and arriving at home is the task of preparing
dinner, assisting with homework, which in some cases dinner and homework may not get done.
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slvoivoivlkf alkvoi iorflks .
3
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oviga;lnekldi sliopfngkl slsl igofns .kgiopngbkl;ewl. Aipjviopr slf;isoigi0ob wmmov oskl
f,lwooik;gvmkrk sobnil;ks ogbornkls;okb illk;lsmg oil; sibpii;lr kslinblr;iopng lslbooirk;dsb
os[jibiomr slb;por;s’;lbp djmklobm;r’ ;s boip[sml;s spb’s;.
While it is evident that mass media affects individuals and families, it is proven that
families have the final say, guidance, and direction when it comes to setting standards and
morals for children. Onkl;v alv ionsd v oi;ndkgl; ak;lvi;nr ;aa;oiohgibpiugjkf sjiobfjkla
ivkjeklbj vkjlhjuld sibhior;hnd opil;bhkro; uis; biuhj;;sob rl;s odihbio; skbofils trkl;sil
fksonbillrls klioibjklr soilgil; s.
Conclusion
In conclusion, mass media plays an important role in society as it pertains to information
and awareness; however, it does not take the place of productive education from a teacher,
educator, or parent. In theory, agenda setting directs attention to issues of concern, but that is not
the solution, individuals must take the information received to review and disseminate wisely not
only to children but to thos ...
1 Assignment 1 Position Paper One – Social and Cultural AbbyWhyte974
1. The document provides guidance on investigating and intervening in situations involving digital risks faced by youth, such as digital aggression, threats, abuse, and exploitation. It outlines the legal issues and responsibilities of schools, as well as effective policies, practices, and protocols for conducting investigations and implementing restorative interventions.
2. The document emphasizes adopting restorative rather than punitive approaches to hold aggressors accountable and repair harm. It provides guidance for supporting targets of aggression and those displaying aggressive behaviors.
3. When situations involve criminal behavior or significant mental health needs, the document recommends collaborating with law enforcement and mental health professionals, as well as evaluating the effectiveness of interventions.
Student friendly schools and safe schools assessment reportBranden Ryan
Contained in this document is a summary of a first-hand account of Corporal Punishment and its use in the secondary school environment in Tanzania, compiled by a Peace Corps Volunteer serving in the education sector.
The document discusses three main issues related to student development:
1) Children's rights to protection, which includes rights to parents, identity, basic needs, education, and freedom from discrimination. Protection of these rights is important for healthy development.
2) Distance from home to school, which can negatively impact students' academic performance if too far, as they may arrive at school tired and lose motivation.
3) Indulging in illegal drug use, which presents challenges for school management by negatively impacting participation, discipline and performance through effects like truancy and poor academics. Schools must address this issue through strategies like counseling and teaching on dangers of drugs.
f e a t u r eWHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT SCHOOL DISCIPLINE.docxssuser454af01
f e a t u r e
WHAT DO WE KNOW
ABOUT SCHOOL
DISCIPLINE
REFORM?
ASSESSING THE ALTERNATIVES TO
SUSPENSIONS AND EXPULSIONS
THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION'S OFFICE for
Civil Rights an n o u n ced this spring th at the n u m b er of
suspensions and expulsions in the natio n ’s public schools
had dropped 20 percent between 2012 and 2014.
The news was welcomed by those who oppose the frequent
use o f suspensions and expulsions, known as exclusionary
discipline. In recent years, many policymakers and educators
have called for the adoption of alternative disciplinary strate
gies that allow students to stay in school and not miss valuable
learning time. Advocates for discipline reform contend that
suspensions are meted out in a biased way, because minority
students and those with disabilities receive a disproportionate
share of them. Some also assert that reducing suspensions
would improve school climate for all students.
Government leaders have taken steps to encourage school
discipline reform. The Obama administration has embarked
on several initiatives to encourage schools to move away
from suspensions and toward alternative strategies. In 2011,
the Departm ent o f Education (DOE) and the Department
of Justice (DOJ) launched the Supportive School Discipline
Initiative to coordinate federal efforts in this area. In January
2014, the DOE released a resource package with a variety of
informational materials designed to support state and local
efforts to improve school climate and discipline. The package
included a “Dear Colleague” letter, issued jointly by DOE
and DOJ, warning against intentional racial discrimination
but also stating that schools unlawfully discriminate even “if
a policy is neutral on its face—meaning that the policy itself
does not mention race—and is administered in an evenhanded
m anner but has a disparate impact, i.e., a disproportionate and
unjustified effect on students o f a particular race.”
Discipline reform efforts are also underw ay at the state
an d school-district levels. As of M ay 2015, 22 states and
the D istrict o f Columbia had revised their laws in order to
require or encourage schools to: limit the use o f exclusion
ary discipline practices; im plem ent supportive (that is,
nonpunitive) discipline strategies th at rely on behavioral
interventions; and provide support services such as coun
seling, dropout prevention, and guidance services for at-
risk students. A nd as o f the 2015-16 school year, 23 o f the
100 largest school districts nationw ide had im plem ented
policy reform s requiring nonpunitive discipline strategies
an d /o r limits to the use o f suspensions. In an April 2014
survey o f 500 district superintendents conducted by the
School Superintendents Association (AASA), 84 percent of
respondents reported that their districts had updated their
code o f conduct w ithin the previous three years.
W hat evidence supports the call for discipline reform? ...
EDD633POLICYBRIEF
EDD633POLICYBRIEF
Trident International University
James Newton
EDD 633
Policy Brief
Dr. Anna Lint
May 25, 2019
Title
Students’ Behaviors and Attitudes
SLP1: Executive Summary
There have been increasing numbers of reported cases in which students have behaved aggressively towards their colleagues, and the data concerning unruly student behaviors has also been on the rise (Coll et al., 2018). The unruly student behavior has to be fixed because it is among the biggest factors that contribute to school drop outs and poor performance. Students have been reporting to the administration that they have been bullied by their colleagues, dispossessed of their properties, beaten or abused. Although these behaviors can be linked to anomalous adolescent conduct, there are also a number of possibilities that can induce aggressive behaviors in K-12 students. They include: negative attitude towards education, drug abuse, bad influence from adults, poor parental upbringing, or negative early life experiences (Dariotis et al., 2016). Therefore, it is necessary to introduce programs and lessons that can solve the issue of student misconduct and negative attitude towards education so as to improve the quality of education in K-12 schools.
In order to solve the issue of unruly student behavior and negative attitude towards education, guidance and counseling programs will be introduced in schools. Guidance and counseling will be necessary for all students, but those who exhibit unruly behaviors will undergo more counseling sessions that the rest of the students. The program is aimed at reducing stress, depression, and anxiety, which are the biggest contributing factors to student unruly and antisocial behaviors (Coll et al., 2018). Other mental health programs such as yoga will be introduced in order to improve the mental and emotional health of the students, which will boost their motivation so that they will like school and appreciate education. A research and an experimental program will have to be done in a few classes to evaluate the effectiveness of the programs before their full implementation. Main stakeholders in the education sector will also be consulted so as to incorporate their views.
SLP 2: Context of Scope of Problem
Students’ unruly behaviors are some of the leading causes of poor academic performance and high dropout rates in the United States and other developed countries. As such, concerns have been raised by policymakers and researchers on the need to reduce students’ deviant behaviors in school (Kremer et al. 2016). Students exhibit deviant behaviors in two major ways: externalization and externalization of unruly behaviors. Externalizing behaviors are characterized by defiance to school rules, disruptiveness, impulsivity, and antisocial behaviors. In some cases, externalizing behaviors may take the form of the student being overactive (Kremer et al. 2016). On the other hand, internalizing behaviors in.
This document outlines an anti-bullying policy for San Antonio de Padua College in the Philippines. It defines bullying and the different parties involved. It establishes the school's prohibition on bullying both on and off campus, including cyberbullying. It outlines prevention programs, intervention programs, and the responsibilities of stakeholders during incidents. Finally, it establishes an Anti-Bullying Committee to implement the policy and handle bullying cases in the school.
This document provides an overview of key topics related to safe schools, including definitions of violence, characteristics of at-risk students, youth gangs, cyberbullying, police investigations on school premises, reporting child abuse, the provincial code of conduct, creating a problem-solving school culture, and resources for additional information. Key points covered include defining the principal's role in maintaining a safe environment, types of violent behaviors, risk factors for offending students, addressing the issues that lead youth to join gangs, the impact of anonymity online, and developing a collaborative culture focused on understanding root causes and innovative solutions.
METHODS OF PREVENTING BULLYING IN SCHOOLS1METHODS OF PREVEN.docxMARRY7
This document discusses methods for preventing bullying in schools. It defines bullying and outlines some key strategies recommended by experts, including implementing comprehensive anti-bullying programs, intervening with frequent bullies and victims, teaching social-emotional skills, and creating a positive school climate and culture where bullying is not tolerated. The document also reviews some state laws aimed at preventing bullying and argues that stricter policies are needed to help eliminate bullying over time.
Similar to Lunenburg, fred c preventing school violence focus v4 n1 2010 (20)
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Lunenburg, fred c preventing school violence focus v4 n1 2010
1. FOCUS ON COLLEGES, UNIVERSTIES, AND SCHOOLS
VOLUME 4, NUMBER 1, 2010
Preventing School Violence
Fred C. Lunenburg
Sam Houston State University
________________________________________________________________________
ABSTRACT
Violence in America has increased substantially in the past few years. It is not
surprising that the level of violence in public schools is increasing as well. Violence
in schools is endangering the health, welfare, and safety of students and teachers.
Strategies for preventing school violence include: toughening weapons laws and
dealing effectively with violent students.
________________________________________________________________________
Violence in America has increased substantially in the past few years (Canada,
2011; Chasin, 2008). In fact, the reported violent crime rate in the nation has increased by
more than 35% in the last 10 years (Flannery, 2007; Ford, 2009; Garland, 2010; Larson,
2011; Lewis, 2008; Wright, 2011). That rate of increase in such a short period is greater
than in any comparable period in history, or at least since reliable records have been
maintained by the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Uniform Crime Reports. During that
same period, the number of reported arrests of young people, 16 years of age and under,
for violent offenses increased by 100 percent (Ayers, 2009; Bynum, 2010; Daniels, 2012;
Gerdes, 2011; Heitmeyer, 2011; Hoffman, 2012; Lassiter, 2010; Merino, 2011; Soliz,
2010).
It is not surprising that the level of violence in public schools is increasing as
well. Violence in schools cannot be separated from the larger problem of violence in
communities. Studies have shown that the conditions of schools are strongly influenced
by the conditions of their neighborhoods (Benbenisty, 2011; Lassiter, 2010). Violence in
schools is endangering the health, welfare, and safety of students and teachers. Students
cannot learn and teachers cannot teach in an atmosphere in which fear and anxiety prevail
(Bulach, Lunenburg, & Potter, 2008: Kupchik, 2011). Some ways of preventing school
violence include: toughening weapons laws and dealing with violent students (U.S.
Department of Education, 2009).
1
2. FOCUS ON COLLEGES, UNIVERSITIES, AND SCHOOLS
2_____________________________________________________________________________________
Toughening Weapons Laws
School leaders should advocate for state legislation and school board policies that
address violence in schools. Tough measures have already been implemented in most
states for dealing with violent behavior, especially possession of weapons and initiation
of a parent responsibility law for minors possessing weapons. School leaders can be
strong advocates of such legislation and school board policies.
Establish Weapon-Free School Zones
Many states have enacted the Weapon-Free School Zones Act (Alexander &
Alexander, 2011; Kafka, 2012). School Boards in these states have made their schools
weapon-free zones. Efforts to do so have involved the school, home, community, law
enforcement, and health services (Meltzer, 2011; Omer, 2011)). Strategies would include
apprehension, prevention, intervention, education, counseling, and student and public
awareness programs (Daniels, 2012; Hulac, 2011; Juhnke, 2011; Lassiter, 2010).
The following is a concise statement suggested by the National School Boards
Association.
The Board of Education determines that possession and/or use of a weapon by a
student is detrimental to the welfare and safety of the students and school
personnel within the district. Possession and or use of any dangerous or deadly
weapon in any school building on school grounds, in any school vehicle, or at any
school-sponsored activity is prohibited. Such weapons include but are not limited
to any pistol, revolver, rifle, shotgun, air gun or spring gun; slingshot; bludgeon;
brass knuckles or artificial knuckles of any kind; knives having a blade of greater
than two inches, any knife the blade of which can be opened by a flick of a button
or pressure on the handle, or any pocketknife where the blade is carried in a
partially opened position. The possession or use of any such weapon will require
that the proceeding for the suspension and/or expulsion of the student involved
will be initiated immediately by the principal. (National School Boards
Association, 2010, p. 2)
In addition to a written school board policy, the following state legislation is
typically enacted to provide for weapon-free schools: Make it a felony to knowingly and
willfully bring a firearm on school property; make it a felony for any person to
knowingly allow a minor to carry a weapon to school; and some states have included the
following provision: provide that any person convicted of bringing a firearm on school
property will lose his/her driver's license.
Limit access by minors to handguns.
To provide for limited access by minors to handguns, weapon-free school zones
legislation: make it a misdemeanor for any person to allow a minor to have access to a
handgun without the consent and supervision of a parent, guardian, or other responsible
3. FRED C. LUNENBURG
_____________________________________________________________________________________3
adult; make possession of a handgun by a minor without the consent and supervision of a
parent, guardian, or other responsible adult a misdemeanor.
Deal with Violent Students
Students cannot learn when they are in fear of harm from their classmates.
Teachers cannot teach in an atmosphere of fear for their own safety, as well as that of
their students (Lunenburg, Bulach, & Potter, 2008). In order to provide for a safe and
secure learning atmosphere for children, school districts must be able to expel violent
students; transfer violent students to alternative schools; report violent offenders to law
enforcement officials; require court counselors to confer with school officials; expand
immediate school actions; and take privileges away from students.
Expel violent students.
Most state statutes provide that a school board can expel a student, age 14 or
older, only if he/she has been convicted of a felony and the student’s continued presence
in the school constitutes a clear threat to the safety and health of other students or staff.
State statutes should be amended so that when the principal and the superintendent can
prove a student is a clear threat to the safety and health of other students or employees,
the school board has the option of expelling the student, even though no felony has been
committed. School officials are encouraged to use long-term suspension and alternative
schools or programs in lieu of expulsions.
Transfer violent students to alternative schools.
Under compulsory attendance laws, states have a duty to provide an education for
all of its children, even those deemed violent by the juvenile justice system. There have
been numerous instances when a violent student is placed in a regular school setting and
the results have been disruptive and even dangerous. In order to provide a safe and secure
setting for all children and teachers, school districts must be able to transfer to another
institution, juveniles who have been categorized as violent by the courts or whose
presence poses a clear threat to others within the school. Transferring a juvenile to an
alternative school for long-term supervision is a viable option to expulsion. The state
fulfills its duty to provide an education; the school is made safer by removing the violent
juvenile; the community is not burdened by juveniles who have been suspended from
school and roaming the streets; and the juvenile is provided a safe and structured setting
in which to continue the educational process. For juveniles awaiting trial for violent acts,
this approach would provide a supervised situation while preventing the juvenile's
continued presence at a school from becoming disruptive.
Due to the expense of alternative schools, such placement should constitute a last
step in a continuum of services for violent students. Placement should be temporary, with
the goal being to return the student to the regular school setting at the appropriate time.
While the format of alternative programs varies from small informal programs similar to
home bound instruction in some systems to more formal school settings in larger systems,
the focus must be on providing a strong academic course of study with therapeutic
4. FOCUS ON COLLEGES, UNIVERSITIES, AND SCHOOLS
4_____________________________________________________________________________________
emphasis. Other service agencies such as Public Health, Mental Health, Social Services,
Juvenile Justice, and so forth must be an integral part of the team providing the
alternative education program. School districts should consider using Drug Free School
funds, dropout prevention funds, juvenile justice and delinquency prevention funds,
community-based alternative funds, in-school suspension funds, average daily
membership positions, basic education program positions, and contributions from other
agencies to staff alternative programs.
Report violent offenders to law officials.
School violence is a community problem, not just a school problem (National
School Boards Association Council of School Attorneys Staff, 2009). Violence in the
schools will be stopped only when the schools join with local law enforcement, parents,
juvenile court counselors, and other agencies to work together to solve the problem
(Hulac, 2011; Omer, 2011). In order for law enforcement to be involved in curtailing
school violence, school administrators must report to law enforcement all felonies and
misdemeanors involving personal injury, sexual assault, possession or use of weapons,
possession or sale of drugs occurring on school property. Schools can appropriately
handle misdemeanors, which do not involve violence, sexual assault, weapons use,
firearms or drugs without calling on law enforcement for help.
Require court counselors to confer with school officials.
Juvenile court counselors should be required to confer with school officials, the
juvenile and the juvenile's parents or guardian whenever the minor is ordered to attend
school as part of his probation after adjudication of a crime of violence. Juvenile court
counselors should be given the resources needed to work more closely with the schools.
The state's Juvenile Code should provide that minors placed on probation and required to
attend school must maintain a passing grade.
Expand immediate school actions.
School districts should take immediate actions to make school safer. These
actions should address a comprehensive approach to prevention, intervention, and crisis
management (Daniels, 2012; Hulac, 2011; Juhnke, 2011; Lassiter, 2010). Use of school
security officers, peer mediation, crisis intervention teams, and the development of
policies and procedures governing student behavior are encouraged (Marques, 2012;
Meltzer, 2011; Omer, 2011). The following recommendations will expand immediate
school actions:
1. A student's right to park on school property can be conditioned upon agreeing to
have his vehicle searched at any time by school officials.
2. Metal detectors, cameras, lights, hand-held radio communications, and other
security measures may be installed.
3. Cooperative arrangements with local law enforcement should be arranged to put
trained resource officers in schools that need them.
5. FRED C. LUNENBURG
_____________________________________________________________________________________5
4. Parent training and involvement programs should be established or strengthened.
5. Peer mediation and conflict resolution programs for students and teachers should
be established.
6. Rules governing student behavior should be established, communicated, and
enforced.
7. Warrants against students who commit violent acts in schools should be sought.
8. Rewards for information leading to the confiscation of weapons, drugs, firearms,
and other dangerous items should be offered.
9. Anonymous reporting of weapons or drugs on school property must be
encouraged.
10. Taking book bags to lockers should be restricted.
11. Intruder drills and other crisis management drills to ensure that students and other
school employees are prepared for emergencies should be held periodically.
Take privileges away from students.
School administrators must have the authority to act immediately in ways that
restrict meaningful student privileges. No appeal of these actions should delay the
implementation of the action. A prompt and meaningful response to student misconduct
is an effective way to produce desired conduct (Lane, 2011; Nelsen, 2012; Thompson,
2011).
The department of education in each state needs to adopt procedures to enable
school administrators to:
1. Suspend school bus transportation privileges for students who commit acts of
violence.
2. Suspend parking privileges on school grounds of students who commit acts of
violence.
3. Assign to an alternative school, students who commit acts of violence.
4. Remove from extracurricular activities (athletic and academic) students who
commit acts of violence.
5. Restrict attendance at extracurricular activities of students who commit acts of
violence.
Conclusion
Violence in America has increased substantially in the past few years. It is not
surprising that the level of violence in public schools is increasing as well. Violence in
schools is endangering the health, welfare, and safety of students and teachers. Strategies
for preventing school violence include: toughening weapons laws and dealing effectively
with violent students.
6. FOCUS ON COLLEGES, UNIVERSITIES, AND SCHOOLS
6_____________________________________________________________________________________
References
Alexander, K., & Alexander, M. D. (2011). American public school law (8th ed.).
Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning.
Ayers, W. (2009). City kids, city schools: More reports from the front row. New York,
NY: The New Press.
Benbenishty, R. (2011). School violence in context: Culture, neighborhood, family,
school, and gender. New York, NY: DIANA Publishing Company.
Bulach, C., Lunenburg, F. C., & Potter, L. (2008). Creating a culture for high-performing
schools: A comprehensive approach to school reform. Lanham, MD: Rowman &
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