The document discusses three main issues related to student development: 1) Children's rights to protection, which includes rights to parents, identity, basic needs, education, and freedom from discrimination. Protection of these rights is important for healthy development. 2) Distance from home to school, which can negatively impact students' academic performance if too far, as they may arrive at school tired and lose motivation. 3) Indulging in illegal drug use, which presents challenges for school management by negatively impacting participation, discipline and performance through effects like truancy and poor academics. Schools must address this issue through strategies like counseling and teaching on dangers of drugs.

1. Issues and Problems on Pupil/Student
Development
a. Rights and Protection of a Child
b. Home to School Distance
c. Indulging in Illegal Drug Practice
Reporter : ANNA MARIE M. SANCHEZ

2. I N T R O D U C T I O N
Ups and down at school are
part of life for many young people.
A good relationship with the child’s
school and teachers can help head
off problems. If school problems do
come up, it is important that we can
quickly recognize and addressed
them.

3. School problems can show up
as poor academic performance, lack
of motivation, loss of interest in
school work, or poor relationships
with peers or teachers. It can also
lead to an increased risk of dropping
out.

4. Children who have academic
problems might be more likely
to avoid school in the short term
and to leave school early in the
long term. These children might
also be less likely to do further
education or training in the
future.

5. Definition of Terms
 Truancy – attendance irregularity
 School - an institution designed for the teaching of students (or
"pupils") under the direction of teachers
 School Environment - A school's physical environment includes
the school building and the surrounding.
 Academic Achievement - Knowledge attained or skills developed in
school subjects by test scores.
 School location - school location refers to the community in which
the school is located, such as a village, hamlet or rural area.
 Autonomous –
 Mutilation - to damage by removing an essential part of
 Vagrancy – a person who has no settled home
 Egalitarian – upholding the principle of equal rights for all

6. Rights and
Protection of
a Child

7. DISCUSSION
 Child Rights
Children's rights are the human rights of
children with particular attention to the rights of
special protection and care afforded to minors.
The 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child
Child (CRC) defines a child as "any human being
below the age of eighteen years, unless under
the law applicable to the child, majority is
attained earlier”.

8.  Child Rights
Children's rights includes their right to association with
both parents, human identity as well as the basic needs
for physical protection, food, universal state-paid
education, health care,
and criminal laws appropriate for the age and
development of the child, equal protection of the child's
civil rights, and freedom from discrimination on the
basis of the child's race, gender, sexual orientation,
gender identity, national origin, religion, disability, color,
ethnicity, or other characteristics.

9.  Child Rights
Interpretations of children's rights range from
allowing children the capacity for autonomous
action to the enforcement of children being
physically, mentally and emotionally free from
abuse, though what constitutes "abuse" is a
matter of debate. Other definitions include the
rights to care and nurturing.

10. Children's rights are defined in
numerous ways, including a wide spectrum of
civil, political, economic, social and cultural
rights.
United Nations educational guides for
children classify the rights outlined in the
Convention on the Rights of the Child as the
"3 Ps": Provision, Protection, and
Participation. They may be elaborated as
follows:

11. : Children have the right to an
adequate standard of living, health care,
education and services, and to play and
recreation.
: Children have the right to
protection from abuse, neglect, exploitation
and discrimination.
: Children have the right to
participate in communities and have
programs and services for themselves.

12. 1. To be born. To have name and nationality;
2. To be free. To be have a family who will
take care of me;
3. To have a good education;
4. To develop my potentials;
5. To have enough food, shelter, a healthy
and active body; rights of every Filipino child;

13. 6. To be given the opportunity to play and
leisure;
7. To be given protection against abuse,
danger and violence brought by war
and conflict;
8. To live in a peaceful community;
9. To be defended and assisted by the
government;
10. To be able to express my views.

14.  Child Rights
Children's rights includes their right to association with
both parents, human identity as well as the basic needs
for physical protection, food, universal state-paid
education, health care,
and criminal laws appropriate for the age and
development of the child, equal protection of the child's
civil rights, and freedom from discrimination on the
basis of the child's race, gender, sexual orientation,
gender identity, national origin, religion, disability, color,
ethnicity, or other characteristics.

15. UNICEF considers child protection as the
prevention of or responding to the incidence of
abuse, exploitation, violence and neglect of
children. This includes kidnapping, commercial
sexual exploitation, trafficking, child labor,
adoption, drug abuse, detention and
punishment, war and armed conflicts,
rehabilitation of the child victims, juvenile
justice, and harmful traditional practices, such
as female genital mutilation/cutting and child
marriage.

16. Protection also allows children to have
access to their other rights of survival,
development, growth and participation. UNICEF
maintains that when child protection fails or is
absent children have a higher risk of death,
poor physical and mental health, HIV/AIDS
infection, educational problems, displacement,
homelessness, vagrancy and poor parenting
skills later in life.

17. It is important to understand the
difference between these two concepts.
Child rights are a set of principles or
ideals. They are entitlements and some of
them are justifiable in a court of law, but
they are not tangible. Protection is one of
these rights. But Child Protection is more
than a right.

18. It is a framework or system by which
the rights of a child can come to be. Child
protection is not only treatment, but
should also be preventive. Risk
management needs to take place to
reduce the risk of violation of child rights
in any given circumstance or space.

19. Home to
School
Distance

20. School is one of the social institutions that is
responsible for the development and training of
the mind and skill of man. It is also for the
preparation of man for the challenges and
responsibilities in the society at large.

21. Pascarella and Terenzini (1991) attributed
students’ academic performance to school
environment. A school located in a rural area, they
argue, will have all the characteristics of a rural
environment; similarly, an urban school will have
an environment-based activities peculiar to its
environment but different from a rural location.

22. Thus, as the school environment differs, the
level of academic performance may also
differ. The consequence is that the quality
of education may not be even; and the
national policy of education for a
democratic, egalitarian society cannot be
attained unsentimentally.

23. Location of schools in different
countries is widely dispersed from the
student’s homesteads. As a result, longer
walking or travelling from home to school
has mostly impacted school students.
Furthermore, in the assessment of the effect
of travelling distance among students in
relation to the quality of education by
Galabawa and Lwaitama (2008) revealed
that most students arrived at school late,
tired and lost interest in learning and hence
poor academic performance.

24. Emore (2005) shares that distance to school
together with school discipline; family
background and school location caused
truancy among school students. Distance in
association with location of the school
seems to be one of the strong influencing
origins for the academic performance
among students.

25. When a school is located far from
where the students reside, they would drop
from schools due to longer walking
distances to and from school. On the other
hand, poor support from parents/guardians
marked by lack of follow-up on students
would demoralize students as it would be
difficult for the parents to diagnose learning
trends of their children.

26. Indulging in
Illegal Drug
Practice

27. There is growing concern by parents,
teachers, and the society in general over the
prevalence and impact of the substance abuse in
some schools. This phenomenon negatively
influences the participation, discipline, and
performance of students and therefore poses
serious challenges facing managers of schools
bearing in mind the fact that success
in these three aspects are fundamental to the
success of any educational institution.

28. Substance abuse continues to present a problem
which learning institutions should address. This is
so because there has been an overall
increase in the abuse of substances among.

29. The practice has resulted in a number of
negative effects in institutions of learning such as
truancy, theft, rudeness, dropouts, injuries, loss of
lives, destruction of properties, draining away of
morals, misallocation of resources,
indiscipline, and compromised academic
standards among others which pose serious
challenges to managers of the educational
institutions.

30.  Strategies for Addressing Substance Abuse Related
Issues
• Training of peer educators
• Use of posters
• Formation of clubs
• Use of professional counsellors
• Teaching on substance abuse
• Use of guest speakers
• Preaching
• Use of reprimands
• Use of corporal punishment
• Use of “No Smoking Zones”

31.  Challenges Managers of Schools in Addressing
Substance Abuse Related Issues
• Identifying abused substances
• Reducing prevalence of substance abuse
• Identifying substance abusers
• Improving discipline of substance abusers
• Improving academic participation of substance
abusers
• Improving academic performance of substance
abusers

32.  Intervening Variables
• Peer Pressure
• Frustrations
• Excess Pocket Money
• Parental Influence
• to feel good
• Media Influence
• Ready Availability
• Copying of Idols

33. Effort on empowering the youths and their
families should be made through family and
school –based intervention like training,
meaningful engagement and reduction of risk
factors, instead of focusing on substance abuse
per se and individuals in which case the target
would not only cover the school youths, but also
drop-out unemployed or working youngsters.

34. There are lots of things we can do to
help our children with school problems.
Good means of communication, appropriate
management and administration, highly
committed teachers, order and discipline in
the school community can lead to academic
performance of the learners.

35. We are the ones who take ultimate
responsibility for the upbringing our learners
and set good examples for them to follow.
We are responsible on instilling a sense of
responsibility to our learners and helping
them to become good citizens, by
supporting children to learn by providing
with necessary requirements for learning to
take place.

36. Providing a conducive learning
environment and engaging classrooms
would help the learners to avoid these kinds
of problems. They should be facilitated from
home and in school in order for them to
develop the feeling of belongingness and
happiness in terms of good interpersonal
relationships and acceptance among others.

37. Reform the mind-set in the educational
system by making school and the
curriculum more attractive, joint parental
activities, internalise the importance of
family and school values, reshape the belief
of success, whereby school results and
developing a full competent, self-regulated
and caring person are measures of success
in life.

38. End…