Human rights are inherent to all humans regardless of attributes and include the rights to life, liberty, freedom from slavery and torture, and freedom of opinion and expression. They protect individuals in areas like having opinions, education, private life, and mistreatment by the state. The Human Rights Act of 1998 incorporated the European Convention on Human Rights into domestic law, allowing UK courts to hear human rights cases rather than requiring people to take complaints to the European Court of Human Rights in France.