The Lucknow Pact of 1916 established several key principles: 1) It called for separate electorates for religious minorities to give them representation. 2) It outlined self-government for India with some British oversight remaining. 3) It allocated one-third representation for Muslims in the central government. The pact aimed to increase cooperation between the Muslim League and Indian National Congress but ultimately failed to establish long-lasting unity between Hindus and Muslims, as their identities and interests diverged.

1. Ideology of Pakistan
Salient features of the Lucknow Pack

2. Background:
 Annulment of Partition of Bengal 1911
 Kanpur Incident 1913
 World War 1…….1914
 Battle of Tarabulus 1912
 Balkan War

3. Quaid e Azam and Lucknow Pack:
 Congress and Muslim league both demanded Self-rule
 New Constitutional Reform Package
 Quaid e Azam was the member of both Parties
 He arranged the meeting of both parties separately
 Both parties made Reformer Committee separately
 These parties prepared a 'Scheme’ by developing consensus in November 1916
 Finally in December 1916, this ‘Scheme’ was approved
 Quaid e Azam gained the title of “Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim Unity”

4. Features of Lucknow Pack:
 Separate Electorates for all minorities .
 Self-government in India.
 One third representation of the Muslims in Central Government.
 Abolition of Indian Council.
 Separation of Executive from Judiciary.
 Any bill or draft can’t pass if third fourth of any nation disagree.
 Half of the members of the Executive Legislative council should be India.
 Members of Executive Council to elect President themselves.
 Two Secretory of the State would be appointed. One of them must be Indian.

5. Continue…….
 Salaries of the Secretary of State Must be paid from British coffers.
 Provincial Autonomy was demanded.
 Introduction of a system of weightage for minority representation (it implied giving
minorities more representation than their share in the population).
 Increasing the term of the Legislative Council to 5 years.
 The provincial legislative council will have fourth fifth as elected members and one fifth as
nominated members.
 The income of custom, post office, railway, salt and opium department will be utilize by
the central government, rest of the department will be under the control of province.

6. Importance of the Lucknow Pack:
 Separate electorates was accepted by Congress
 The Muslim league emerges as the sole representative of the muslims
 Weightage
 Fixed seats of the muslims in the central and provincial assemblies

7. Conclusion:
 The agreement was very outstanding and its dreams were fulfilled the whole political
scenario of Indian subcontinent were different. But, it was impossible to the parties to
make a united India. The Hindus and Muslims are two different nation and they have
different culture and civilization. Therefore the Lucknow Pact failed to make a long lasting
cooperation in India among the Muslims and Hindus.