This document summarizes research on genomic evaluation of dairy cattle health traits. It discusses challenges in evaluating health traits including low heritability and inconsistent definitions. The researchers conducted single and multiple trait genetic and genomic analyses on health event data from over 1 million US dairy cow records. Heritability estimates for various health events ranged from 0.03 to 0.20. Genomic evaluation allowed more accurate prediction of sires' daughters' probabilities of different health events compared to traditional genetic evaluation. The multiple trait genomic analysis found moderate to strong genetic correlations between some health events.
This document summarizes dairy cattle breeding in the United States. It provides statistics on the US dairy population and yield trends over time. The US has over 9 million dairy cows in 67,000 herds, with average production of 19,000 lbs per cow. Breeding is predominantly Holstein and Jersey breeds using artificial insemination. The document outlines the national dairy genetic evaluation program and traits evaluated, including yield, longevity, mastitis resistance, and calving traits. Genetic trends show substantial increases in yield over time but stability or decreases for health and fitness traits.
Validation of Producer-Recorded Health Event Data and Use in Genetic Improvem...John B. Cole, Ph.D.
This document summarizes a presentation on genetic improvement of dairy cattle health using producer-recorded health event data. It discusses validation of such field data and its potential use in genetic evaluations. Standard health event codes have been developed and a new data exchange format will facilitate collection of health data for research and selection. Challenges include dataset size and estimating economic impacts of diseases.
Genomic selection has been successful in the dairy cattle industry by increasing genetic progress. Several challenges remain, including pre-selection bias when young genotyped bulls are selected for further breeding before progeny testing, and developing across-breed genomic evaluations. While genomic selection is widely used and has increased the rate of genetic improvement, continuing work is needed to address these challenges to ensure the most accurate genomic evaluations.
Genetic evaluation and best prediction of lactation persistencyJohn B. Cole, Ph.D.
At the same level of production cows with high persistency milk more at the end than the beginning of lactation. Best prediction of persistency is calculated as a function of trait-specific standard lactation curves and the linear regression of a cow’s test day deviations on days in milk.
Use of NGS to identify the causal variant associated with a complex phenotypeJohn B. Cole, Ph.D.
This document summarizes a presentation on using next generation sequencing to identify the causal variant associated with a complex phenotype like dystocia in cattle. It discusses selecting animals to sequence, the sequencing and analysis process, challenges in annotation and validation, and recent successes in identifying causal mutations for other traits in cattle. The presentation outlines using sequencing to investigate a quantitative trait locus for dystocia on chromosome 18 in cattle that affects traits like birth weight and gestation length. It describes analyzing sequence data to identify variants associated with predicted birth weight and discusses ongoing challenges in sequencing, analysis, and validating causal variants.
Dr. Dave Rosero - Influence of Wean Age and Disease Challenge on Progeny Life...John Blue
Early weaning negatively impacts pig performance through disruption of the intestinal structure, barrier function, and immune response. These impacts are exacerbated by subsequent stressors like disease challenges. A study of over 140,000 pigs across 5 years found that every additional day of weaning age from 18-24 days reduced mortality by 0.56% on average and improved average daily gain by 7.8 grams under normal health conditions. The negative effects of early weaning were more pronounced during times of poor health status on the sow farm.
This document summarizes research on genomic evaluation of dairy cattle health traits. It discusses challenges in evaluating health traits including low heritability and inconsistent definitions. The researchers conducted single and multiple trait genetic and genomic analyses on health event data from over 1 million US dairy cow records. Heritability estimates for various health events ranged from 0.03 to 0.20. Genomic evaluation allowed more accurate prediction of sires' daughters' probabilities of different health events compared to traditional genetic evaluation. The multiple trait genomic analysis found moderate to strong genetic correlations between some health events.
This document summarizes dairy cattle breeding in the United States. It provides statistics on the US dairy population and yield trends over time. The US has over 9 million dairy cows in 67,000 herds, with average production of 19,000 lbs per cow. Breeding is predominantly Holstein and Jersey breeds using artificial insemination. The document outlines the national dairy genetic evaluation program and traits evaluated, including yield, longevity, mastitis resistance, and calving traits. Genetic trends show substantial increases in yield over time but stability or decreases for health and fitness traits.
Validation of Producer-Recorded Health Event Data and Use in Genetic Improvem...John B. Cole, Ph.D.
This document summarizes a presentation on genetic improvement of dairy cattle health using producer-recorded health event data. It discusses validation of such field data and its potential use in genetic evaluations. Standard health event codes have been developed and a new data exchange format will facilitate collection of health data for research and selection. Challenges include dataset size and estimating economic impacts of diseases.
Genomic selection has been successful in the dairy cattle industry by increasing genetic progress. Several challenges remain, including pre-selection bias when young genotyped bulls are selected for further breeding before progeny testing, and developing across-breed genomic evaluations. While genomic selection is widely used and has increased the rate of genetic improvement, continuing work is needed to address these challenges to ensure the most accurate genomic evaluations.
Genetic evaluation and best prediction of lactation persistencyJohn B. Cole, Ph.D.
At the same level of production cows with high persistency milk more at the end than the beginning of lactation. Best prediction of persistency is calculated as a function of trait-specific standard lactation curves and the linear regression of a cow’s test day deviations on days in milk.
Use of NGS to identify the causal variant associated with a complex phenotypeJohn B. Cole, Ph.D.
This document summarizes a presentation on using next generation sequencing to identify the causal variant associated with a complex phenotype like dystocia in cattle. It discusses selecting animals to sequence, the sequencing and analysis process, challenges in annotation and validation, and recent successes in identifying causal mutations for other traits in cattle. The presentation outlines using sequencing to investigate a quantitative trait locus for dystocia on chromosome 18 in cattle that affects traits like birth weight and gestation length. It describes analyzing sequence data to identify variants associated with predicted birth weight and discusses ongoing challenges in sequencing, analysis, and validating causal variants.
Dr. Dave Rosero - Influence of Wean Age and Disease Challenge on Progeny Life...John Blue
Early weaning negatively impacts pig performance through disruption of the intestinal structure, barrier function, and immune response. These impacts are exacerbated by subsequent stressors like disease challenges. A study of over 140,000 pigs across 5 years found that every additional day of weaning age from 18-24 days reduced mortality by 0.56% on average and improved average daily gain by 7.8 grams under normal health conditions. The negative effects of early weaning were more pronounced during times of poor health status on the sow farm.
Dr. Ken Stalder - Pork Industry Productivity AnalysisJohn Blue
Pork Industry Productivity Analysis - Dr. Ken Stalder, Iowa State University, from the 2014 World Pork Expo, June 4 - 6, 2014, Des Moines, IA, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2014-world-pork-expo
Effect of Varying the Energy Density of Protein-adequate Diets on Nutrient Me...Faisal A. Alshamiry
assessing the influence of varied dietary energy densities of a protein-adequate diet on immune response of growing Muzaffarnagari lambs besides nutritional performance and clinical chemistry indices.
Genetic Evaluation of Stillbirth in US Holsteins Using a Sire-maternal Grands...John B. Cole, Ph.D.
This document summarizes the genetic evaluation of stillbirth in US Holsteins using a sire-maternal grandsire threshold model. Over 6 million stillbirth records from 1980-2005 were analyzed. Heritability of direct and maternal stillbirth was estimated to be 3.0% and 6.5%, respectively. Genetic and phenotypic trends for stillbirth over time were small. Stillbirth EPDs were included in the US National Milk Progeny Test program starting in August 2006 and the US began participating in Interbull evaluations for calving traits in November 2006.
Combining ability and inheritance of growth traits in rabbitsAlexander Decker
This study evaluated the growth performance of New Zealand Red, Californian White, and Chinchilla rabbits using a diallel analysis. Body measurements and weight were collected from 138 kittens from crosses between these 3 breeds. General and specific combining abilities were found to significantly influence all traits measured. Both additive and non-additive genetic effects impacted hybrid performance, with non-additive effects playing a larger role for some traits like weight and height, and additive effects more important for others like ear length. The New Zealand Red and Californian White parents showed reliable general combining ability. Reciprocal effects were not significant. Therefore, using separate male and female breeds in crossbreeding may not provide additional advantages.
Dr. Ken Stalder - Industry Productivity AnalysisJohn Blue
This document summarizes a study analyzing key productivity indicators in the U.S. pork industry from 2007 to 2012 using data from a large record keeping organization. It finds that finishing mortality has declined while market weight has increased. Nursery performance has changed little and sow productivity has improved with pigs per mated sow and litter size increasing. The document provides averages and standard deviations for various metrics across different production phases and graphs trends over time to benchmark performance.
This study examined the effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) on disease progression in a transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The mice expressed a mutation in the SOD1 gene associated with familial ALS. Following disease onset, mice were given injections of either saline (control) or CeO2 NPs. Mice treated with CeO2 NPs showed improved motor performance and increased survival time, particularly female mice. The results suggest CeO2 NPs may be a potential treatment for slowing progression of ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases associated with oxidative stress.
This study examined the effects of different beef cattle production systems and growth promotants on physiological indicators of age. 224 crossbred steers were assigned to calf-fed or yearling-fed production systems and were either non-implanted or implanted with growth promotants, with or without beta-agonist supplementation. At slaughter, dentition scores and ossification scores along the vertebral column were assessed as physiological measures of age. The results showed that production system significantly affected dentition scores but implants and beta-agonists did not. There were also significant interactions between production system and implants on ossification frequencies. Implants were found to accelerate the ossification process, particularly in younger animals, affecting the proportion that could be classified as
Musculoskeletal Complications of Cancer and its TreatmentsInsideScientific
Cancer frequently associates with the occurrence of cachexia, a debilitating syndrome responsible for reduced tolerance to anticancer therapies, as well as increased morbidity and mortality. Dr. Bonetto's group reported that animals bearing cancers not only show reduced skeletal muscle mass and strength, but also dramatic bone loss, despite the absence of bone metastases. Their latest findings revealed that muscle and bone depletion may also occur as a direct consequence of anticancer treatments (i.e., chemotherapy). There is now substantial agreement on the fact that abnormalities of the so-called ‘muscle-bone crosstalk’ may contribute to the onset of cachexia secondary to cancer or chemotherapy. Clinical and experimental observations also suggest that pharmacological bone preservation may concurrently benefit muscle mass in animal models, burn patients and osteoporotic women.
In this webinar Dr. Bonetto will present evidence that bone preservation directly impacts muscle size and function in cachexia, thus also contributing to unraveling novel pathogenetic mechanisms and opening new avenues for treatment.
Implant study poster layout edits in color (003)Dana Zook
1) The document discusses using growth promoting implants in suckling calves to increase weight gain. It implemented a study using 48 Angus cross calves randomly assigned to implanted or control groups.
2) The results of the study showed no significant difference in average daily gain between implanted and non-implanted steers or heifers. Previous research has found inconsistent responses to implants in suckling calves.
3) The lack of effect may have been due to poor forage quality decreasing milk production and weight gains. Coordinating implants with current practices kept added stress low for producers. More research is needed on forage quality's impact on implant responses in suckling calves.
Uterine Health and Potential Connection with Genetic VariationDAIReXNET
Dr. Galvão joins us to discuss uterine diseases, their effects on fertility, and a possible genetic connection. Learn about his research methods, the detrimental effects of metritis on fertility, and which genes could be related to uterine diseases.
To view the full presentation, visit https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jZvuFi_qKPQ
This study evaluated the effects of implants on weight gain in suckling calves. Forty-eight Angus cross spring born calf pairs were randomly assigned to implant or control groups. Calves received implants at the same time as vaccinations between 45-150 days old. Final weights were taken at 114 days, showing no significant difference in average daily gain between implanted and non-implanted steers or heifers. Poor forage quality during the study may have limited the impact of implants. Coordinating implants with existing practices reduced stress and costs. More research is needed on how forage quality affects implant response in suckling calves.
Louis Stodieck, BioServe Space Technologies, University of Colorado at Boulder: "AMGEN Countermeasures for Bone and Muscle Loss in Space and on Earth." Presented at the 2013 International Space Station Research and Development Conference, http://www.astronautical.org/issrdc/2013.
The document discusses collagen type I and II supplements for treating rheumatic diseases. Clinical trials showed that collagen type II significantly reduced symptoms of osteoarthritis, and collagen type I reduced symptoms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic sclerosis, with no serious adverse effects reported. A randomized controlled trial found that collagen type I (Colafit) significantly decreased pain and functional impairment in patients with knee osteoarthritis, compared to placebo.
Effects of restricted feeding, low energy diet, and implantationNia Nia
This document describes a study that examined the effects of restricted feeding, a low-energy diet, and implantation of trenbolone acetate plus estradiol on growth, carcass traits, and circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-binding protein-3 in finishing barrows. Sixty-four barrows were divided into groups subjected to different feeding regimens, diets, and implantation. Blood samples were taken every 3 weeks and animals were slaughtered at approximately 105 kg. Restricted feeding decreased average daily gain, the low-energy diet reduced backfat thickness but decreased feed efficiency, and implantation decreased average daily gain, feed intake and backfat thickness while increasing feed efficiency. Serum I
Genomic evaluation of low-heritability traits: dairy cattle health as a modelJohn B. Cole, Ph.D.
Genetic selection has been very successful when applied to traits of moderate to high heritability, but progress has been slow for traits with low heritabilities. The problem is further compounded when novel traits are considered because data needed to calculate high-reliability PTA generally are not available. A combination of producer-recorded health event data and SNP genotypes may permit the routine calculation of PTA with reasonable reliabilities for health traits.
Poster presented at the 5th International Symposium on Animal Functional Genetics in Guaruja, Brazil, in 2014.
This study evaluated the effects of maternal dietary yeast supplementation on immunoglobulin concentrations in foals from birth to four months of age. Eight pregnant mares were randomly assigned to either a yeast supplement or control group. Blood samples were taken from the foals at various intervals. While most immunoglobulin levels did not differ, IgG(T) concentrations were significantly higher in foals from yeast-supplemented mares at 60 days. Overall, maternal yeast supplementation did not significantly influence immunoglobulin levels in the foals.
What can we do with dairy cattle genomics other than predict more accurate br...John B. Cole, Ph.D.
Presentation on applications of genomic information in additional to estimation of breeding values made to the Department of Animal Science at North Carolina State University at 2010.
The document discusses different cuts of beef and pairing suggestions. It provides information on cuts like paleron and ronde de gite. The document explores cooking methods for the cuts, like braising and sous vide. It also examines flavor pairings by pulling data from other sources and displaying it in an interactive 3D interface. The goal is to provide chefs with inspiration for dishes rather than set recipes.
The U.S. beef industry raises cattle across all 50 states and has historically been family owned for generations. Packers fabricate carcasses into subprimal cuts for purveyors and retailers. While the industry was previously producer driven, it is now more consumer focused due to demand changes. Beef prices and exports vary seasonally based on supply and demand factors. Specialty beef labels have additional requirements regarding production methods.
Dr. Ken Stalder - Pork Industry Productivity AnalysisJohn Blue
Pork Industry Productivity Analysis - Dr. Ken Stalder, Iowa State University, from the 2014 World Pork Expo, June 4 - 6, 2014, Des Moines, IA, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2014-world-pork-expo
Effect of Varying the Energy Density of Protein-adequate Diets on Nutrient Me...Faisal A. Alshamiry
assessing the influence of varied dietary energy densities of a protein-adequate diet on immune response of growing Muzaffarnagari lambs besides nutritional performance and clinical chemistry indices.
Genetic Evaluation of Stillbirth in US Holsteins Using a Sire-maternal Grands...John B. Cole, Ph.D.
This document summarizes the genetic evaluation of stillbirth in US Holsteins using a sire-maternal grandsire threshold model. Over 6 million stillbirth records from 1980-2005 were analyzed. Heritability of direct and maternal stillbirth was estimated to be 3.0% and 6.5%, respectively. Genetic and phenotypic trends for stillbirth over time were small. Stillbirth EPDs were included in the US National Milk Progeny Test program starting in August 2006 and the US began participating in Interbull evaluations for calving traits in November 2006.
Combining ability and inheritance of growth traits in rabbitsAlexander Decker
This study evaluated the growth performance of New Zealand Red, Californian White, and Chinchilla rabbits using a diallel analysis. Body measurements and weight were collected from 138 kittens from crosses between these 3 breeds. General and specific combining abilities were found to significantly influence all traits measured. Both additive and non-additive genetic effects impacted hybrid performance, with non-additive effects playing a larger role for some traits like weight and height, and additive effects more important for others like ear length. The New Zealand Red and Californian White parents showed reliable general combining ability. Reciprocal effects were not significant. Therefore, using separate male and female breeds in crossbreeding may not provide additional advantages.
Dr. Ken Stalder - Industry Productivity AnalysisJohn Blue
This document summarizes a study analyzing key productivity indicators in the U.S. pork industry from 2007 to 2012 using data from a large record keeping organization. It finds that finishing mortality has declined while market weight has increased. Nursery performance has changed little and sow productivity has improved with pigs per mated sow and litter size increasing. The document provides averages and standard deviations for various metrics across different production phases and graphs trends over time to benchmark performance.
This study examined the effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) on disease progression in a transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The mice expressed a mutation in the SOD1 gene associated with familial ALS. Following disease onset, mice were given injections of either saline (control) or CeO2 NPs. Mice treated with CeO2 NPs showed improved motor performance and increased survival time, particularly female mice. The results suggest CeO2 NPs may be a potential treatment for slowing progression of ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases associated with oxidative stress.
This study examined the effects of different beef cattle production systems and growth promotants on physiological indicators of age. 224 crossbred steers were assigned to calf-fed or yearling-fed production systems and were either non-implanted or implanted with growth promotants, with or without beta-agonist supplementation. At slaughter, dentition scores and ossification scores along the vertebral column were assessed as physiological measures of age. The results showed that production system significantly affected dentition scores but implants and beta-agonists did not. There were also significant interactions between production system and implants on ossification frequencies. Implants were found to accelerate the ossification process, particularly in younger animals, affecting the proportion that could be classified as
Musculoskeletal Complications of Cancer and its TreatmentsInsideScientific
Cancer frequently associates with the occurrence of cachexia, a debilitating syndrome responsible for reduced tolerance to anticancer therapies, as well as increased morbidity and mortality. Dr. Bonetto's group reported that animals bearing cancers not only show reduced skeletal muscle mass and strength, but also dramatic bone loss, despite the absence of bone metastases. Their latest findings revealed that muscle and bone depletion may also occur as a direct consequence of anticancer treatments (i.e., chemotherapy). There is now substantial agreement on the fact that abnormalities of the so-called ‘muscle-bone crosstalk’ may contribute to the onset of cachexia secondary to cancer or chemotherapy. Clinical and experimental observations also suggest that pharmacological bone preservation may concurrently benefit muscle mass in animal models, burn patients and osteoporotic women.
In this webinar Dr. Bonetto will present evidence that bone preservation directly impacts muscle size and function in cachexia, thus also contributing to unraveling novel pathogenetic mechanisms and opening new avenues for treatment.
Implant study poster layout edits in color (003)Dana Zook
1) The document discusses using growth promoting implants in suckling calves to increase weight gain. It implemented a study using 48 Angus cross calves randomly assigned to implanted or control groups.
2) The results of the study showed no significant difference in average daily gain between implanted and non-implanted steers or heifers. Previous research has found inconsistent responses to implants in suckling calves.
3) The lack of effect may have been due to poor forage quality decreasing milk production and weight gains. Coordinating implants with current practices kept added stress low for producers. More research is needed on forage quality's impact on implant responses in suckling calves.
Uterine Health and Potential Connection with Genetic VariationDAIReXNET
Dr. Galvão joins us to discuss uterine diseases, their effects on fertility, and a possible genetic connection. Learn about his research methods, the detrimental effects of metritis on fertility, and which genes could be related to uterine diseases.
To view the full presentation, visit https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jZvuFi_qKPQ
This study evaluated the effects of implants on weight gain in suckling calves. Forty-eight Angus cross spring born calf pairs were randomly assigned to implant or control groups. Calves received implants at the same time as vaccinations between 45-150 days old. Final weights were taken at 114 days, showing no significant difference in average daily gain between implanted and non-implanted steers or heifers. Poor forage quality during the study may have limited the impact of implants. Coordinating implants with existing practices reduced stress and costs. More research is needed on how forage quality affects implant response in suckling calves.
Louis Stodieck, BioServe Space Technologies, University of Colorado at Boulder: "AMGEN Countermeasures for Bone and Muscle Loss in Space and on Earth." Presented at the 2013 International Space Station Research and Development Conference, http://www.astronautical.org/issrdc/2013.
The document discusses collagen type I and II supplements for treating rheumatic diseases. Clinical trials showed that collagen type II significantly reduced symptoms of osteoarthritis, and collagen type I reduced symptoms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic sclerosis, with no serious adverse effects reported. A randomized controlled trial found that collagen type I (Colafit) significantly decreased pain and functional impairment in patients with knee osteoarthritis, compared to placebo.
Effects of restricted feeding, low energy diet, and implantationNia Nia
This document describes a study that examined the effects of restricted feeding, a low-energy diet, and implantation of trenbolone acetate plus estradiol on growth, carcass traits, and circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-binding protein-3 in finishing barrows. Sixty-four barrows were divided into groups subjected to different feeding regimens, diets, and implantation. Blood samples were taken every 3 weeks and animals were slaughtered at approximately 105 kg. Restricted feeding decreased average daily gain, the low-energy diet reduced backfat thickness but decreased feed efficiency, and implantation decreased average daily gain, feed intake and backfat thickness while increasing feed efficiency. Serum I
Genomic evaluation of low-heritability traits: dairy cattle health as a modelJohn B. Cole, Ph.D.
Genetic selection has been very successful when applied to traits of moderate to high heritability, but progress has been slow for traits with low heritabilities. The problem is further compounded when novel traits are considered because data needed to calculate high-reliability PTA generally are not available. A combination of producer-recorded health event data and SNP genotypes may permit the routine calculation of PTA with reasonable reliabilities for health traits.
Poster presented at the 5th International Symposium on Animal Functional Genetics in Guaruja, Brazil, in 2014.
This study evaluated the effects of maternal dietary yeast supplementation on immunoglobulin concentrations in foals from birth to four months of age. Eight pregnant mares were randomly assigned to either a yeast supplement or control group. Blood samples were taken from the foals at various intervals. While most immunoglobulin levels did not differ, IgG(T) concentrations were significantly higher in foals from yeast-supplemented mares at 60 days. Overall, maternal yeast supplementation did not significantly influence immunoglobulin levels in the foals.
What can we do with dairy cattle genomics other than predict more accurate br...John B. Cole, Ph.D.
Presentation on applications of genomic information in additional to estimation of breeding values made to the Department of Animal Science at North Carolina State University at 2010.
The document discusses different cuts of beef and pairing suggestions. It provides information on cuts like paleron and ronde de gite. The document explores cooking methods for the cuts, like braising and sous vide. It also examines flavor pairings by pulling data from other sources and displaying it in an interactive 3D interface. The goal is to provide chefs with inspiration for dishes rather than set recipes.
The U.S. beef industry raises cattle across all 50 states and has historically been family owned for generations. Packers fabricate carcasses into subprimal cuts for purveyors and retailers. While the industry was previously producer driven, it is now more consumer focused due to demand changes. Beef prices and exports vary seasonally based on supply and demand factors. Specialty beef labels have additional requirements regarding production methods.
Dr. Tiffany Lee - Antibiotic Use in the Beef Industry: The Producer PerspectiveJohn Blue
Antibiotic Use in the Beef Industry: The Producer Perspective - Dr. Tiffany Lee, Beef Cattle Institute, Kansas State University, from the 2015 NIAA Antibiotic Symposium - Stewardship: From Metrics to Management, November 3-5, 2015, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
More presentations at http://swinecast.com/2015-niaa-symposium-antibiotics-stewardship-from-metrics-to-management
This document is an organic farm plan update submitted by George and Helen Smith of Maple Knoll Farm to their certifier, Lehigh Valley Organic Certifiers. The update notes that the farm has 240 acres in mixed livestock and crops in Pennsylvania. It has been certified organic since 1991.
The update addresses two minor noncompliances from the previous year - a lack of documentation for use of nonorganic seed and a treated wood fence post that has been replaced. It also includes a field history sheet for the current year and an updated farm map if there have been any changes. Submitting an annual update form along with additional documents is a common practice for certified organic farms to maintain their certification instead of filling out a new full application
This document provides information about a shipment of frozen beef carcasses. It describes the shipment as containing frozen beef carcasses over 24 months old, weighing 350-400 kg each, packaged in plastic bags wrapped in stockinet and labeled halal. It lists specifications including the species as beef and origin as unspecified, and that it will be stored at -18°C. Accompanying documents including halal certification, health certificate, packing list and invoice are enclosed.
Estimation of Stillbirth (Co)variance Components and Development of a Calving...John B. Cole, Ph.D.
A national evaluation for stillbirth (SB) for Holstein will be implemented in August 2006. (Co)variance components were required. A calving ability index (CA$) which includes SB and calving ease (CE) was developed.
Maternal obesity can negatively impact fetal growth and development and increase health risks for offspring. A study found that offspring of obese mothers are at increased risk for various birth defects as well as issues like stillbirth, needing treatment in the NICU, and poorer neonatal outcomes. Children of obese mothers also have an increased risk of becoming obese themselves and developing poorer metabolic health and higher blood pressure. While genes play a role, factors like shared behaviors, fetal growth patterns, gestational diabetes, breastfeeding, and early life diet also contribute to associations between maternal weight and child outcomes.
The hunt for a functional mutation affecting conformation and calving traits ...John B. Cole, Ph.D.
Presentation from the 10th WCGALP meeting in Vancouver describing our research to identify the causal variant associated with calving and conformation (body shape and size) traits in Holstein cattle.
This presentation describes recent changes to the national genetic evaluation system, as well as new research undertaken by AGIL scientists. Topics covered include the 2014 genetic base change, updates to the lifetime net merit selection index, and introduction of the grazing merit index, and the redefinition of daughter pregnancy rate. New research on the use of gene content to predict polled status, and statistical models for accommodating genotype-by-environment interactions also are described.
Talk on the genetic and genomic evaluation system for US dairy cattle made to scientists at Embrapa Gado de Leite in Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil, on September 10, 2014.
1) The document examines the effect of early feeding strategies on broiler chicken performance. 420 male broiler chicks were divided into 4 groups - a control group without early feeding and 3 treatment groups that received early access to boiled egg whites, orange pieces, or a pre-starter diet.
2) Results showed that early feeding with orange or the pre-starter diet led to improved growth performance, organ development, and carcass characteristics compared to the control or egg white groups. Economically, these two treatments also had the highest efficiency.
3) In conclusion, providing feed access in the hatchery or during transport benefits broiler performance and it is recommended for practical use in the industry. The first week of a bro
Complementarity of value chain analysis, consumption patterns and nutrition i...ILRI
Presented by Paula Dominguez-Salas, Barbara Häsler, Elaine Ferguson, Laura Cornelsen, Silvia Alonso, Eric M. Fèvre, Jonathan Rushton, Delia Grace and Pablo Alarcon at the 5th Leverhulme Centre for Integrative Research on Agriculture and Health (LCIRAH) Annual Research Conference, London, UK, 3-4 June 2015.
Joseph Stock - Objective Feet & Leg Structure between Selection & Second Gest...John Blue
Objective Feet & Leg Structure between Selection & Second Gestation & Gestation Ages - Joseph Stock, Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, from the 2016 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 17-20, 2016, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2016-leman-swine-conference-material
Using genotyping and whole-genome sequencing to identify causal variants asso...John B. Cole, Ph.D.
Talk on identification of causal variants given to graduate students at the Universidade Federal de Viçosa in Viçosa, MG, Brasil, on September 9, 2014. It discusses work in my lab to identify causal variants associated with simple and complex modes of inheritance using SNP genotyping and next generation sequencing.
Breed Composition Codes for Crossbred Dairy Cattle with an Application to Cal...John B. Cole, Ph.D.
This document describes a study that developed a system to store breed composition data in a national database. The study also investigated using crossbred daughter records in breed-of-sire genetic evaluations for calving ease in Brown Swiss and Jersey bulls. Crossbred records from over 338,000 animals were analyzed. Threshold models were used to evaluate calving ease. Results showed it is feasible to use crossbred daughter records in genetic evaluations and that there is no genetic trend for calving ease in Brown Swiss or Jersey bulls.
Dr. Wondwossen A. Gebreyes - The Role of Global One Health Capacity in Global...John Blue
The Role of Global One Health Capacity in Global Food Systems - Dr. Wondwossen A. Gebreyes, Director of Global Health Programs, The Ohio State University, from the 2017 NIAA Annual Conference, U.S. Animal Agriculture's Future Role In World Food Production - Obstacles & Opportunities, April 4 - 6, Columbus, OH, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2017_niaa_us_animal_ag_future_role_world_food_production
Similar to Genetic Evaluation of Calving Traits in US Holsteins (20)
The national genetic evaluation program
for dairy cattle in the United States is described. Topics include an historical overview of traits and statistical methodology, the structure of the contemporary dairy genetics industry, and the implementation of genomic selection.
Using genotypes to construct phenotypes for dairy cattle breeding programs an...John B. Cole, Ph.D.
Modern dairying uses sophisticated data collection systems to maximize farm profitability. This has traditionally included information on cows and their environments, and now commonly includes genotype information from high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panels. The US national database alone contains genotypes for 924,543 bulls and cows as of March 23, 2015, and many other countries are also genotyping animals. As the data continue to grow, the prospect of using genotypes to construct phenotypes directly, instead of measuring phenotypes on animals, becomes more attractive. There are many applications for this genomic information other than the prediction of breeding values. A notable recent application is the use of haplotypes in combination with next-generation sequencing data to identify causal variants associated with recessives. The methodology for identifying recessive haplotypes by searching for a deficit of homozygotes was first used in combination with sequence data to identify the causal variant (APAF1) associated with the HH1 haplotype. The US currently tracks 24 recessive haplotypes in four cattle breeds, and thanks to the work of several teams around the world the causal variants for 17 of them are known. The haplotypes include lethal recessive conditions, such as brachyspina, as well as hair coat color and polledness. There is growing interest in the latter to improve animal welfare and increase economic efficiency, but the polled haplotype has a very low frequency (0.41%, 0.93%, and 2.22% in Brown Swiss, Holstein, and Jersey, respectively). Increasing haplotype frequency by index selection requires known status for all animals. Gene content (GC) for non-genotyped animals was computed using records from genotyped relatives. Prediction accuracy was checked by comparing polled status from recessive codes and animal names to GC for 1,615 non-genotyped Jerseys with known status. 97% (n = 675) of horned animals were correctly assigned GC near 0, and 3% (n = 19) were assigned GC near 1. Heterozygous polled animals had GC near 0 (52%, n = 474) and near 1 (47%; n = 433), although 3 animals were assigned a GC near 2. All homozygous polled animals (n = 11) were assigned GC near 2. Genotype information can also be combined with other data, such as milk spectral data, to predict phenotypes for traits that are expensive or difficult to measure directly. These data can be used for precision farm management, including early culling decisions, monitoring of animals at risk for health problems, and identification of efficient and inefficient cows. The most substantial challenge faced by many dairy managers will be the effective use of the new phenotypes that now are available.
If we would see further than others: research & technology today and tomorrowJohn B. Cole, Ph.D.
The document discusses the use of technology on dairy farms. It notes that technology provides benefits like making work faster, cheaper, and easier. It then discusses several technologies used on dairy farms today like automated systems for measuring feed and water intake, monitoring cows, and milking systems. The document also looks at challenges like the need for more frequent milk sampling and how collected on-farm data is not always put in a central database. It concludes that sensor technology is producing large amounts of data that could improve management if combined across farms.
An updated version of lifetime net merit incorporating additional fertility t...John B. Cole, Ph.D.
The slides for my upcoming talk on the 2014 revision of the lifetime net merit selection index to be presented at the 2014 ASAS-ADSA-CSAS Joint Annual Meeting in Kansas City, MO.
This document summarizes John Cole's presentation on new genomic tools for dairy cattle. Some key points:
1) Genomic selection works well in dairy cattle due to extensive historical data, genetic evaluation programs, widespread AI use, and high-value animals. Genomics can reduce generation intervals.
2) Different genotyping arrays like BovineSNP50 and BovineHD are used, with over 300,000 animals genotyped as of 2013.
3) Genomic predictions provide information equivalent to dozens of progeny, improving reliability of selection, especially for lowly heritable traits. This allows more rapid genetic improvement.
Opportunities for genetic improvement of health and fitness traitsJohn B. Cole, Ph.D.
This document summarizes a presentation on opportunities for genetic improvement of health and fitness traits in dairy cattle. It discusses challenges such as low heritability of health traits and lack of standardized recording. It also provides examples of ways to increase genetic gain, such as improving reliability through genomics and increasing selection intensity. International efforts to develop guidelines for recording health traits are described. Overall, the presentation argues that improving health and fitness should be a priority for the dairy industry given economic impacts, and that genetic selection can help achieve improvements provided data recording is expanded and standardized.
Genomic selection and systems biology – lessons from dairy cattle breedingJohn B. Cole, Ph.D.
Presentation made to the staff of Keygene, NV, in Wageningen, The Netherlands.
(I don't know what the problem is with the template here. It looks fine if you use a dark background.)
The use and economic value of genomic testing for calves on dairy farmsJohn B. Cole, Ph.D.
This document discusses the use and economic value of genomic testing for calves on dairy farms. It provides information on how genomic selection works and how it can increase genetic gain. Genomic testing can be used for animal identification and parentage verification, early culling decisions, mate selection to produce better calves, and identifying elite cows. The document examines studies that show dairy farms could make improved mating decisions using genomic testing data to pair cows and bulls. Genomic testing provides reliable estimates of animals' genetic merit and can help farmers make better long-term breeding and management decisions.
New applications of genomic technology in the US dairy industryJohn B. Cole, Ph.D.
John B. Cole presented on new applications of genomic technology in the US dairy industry. Some key points include: genomic selection has been successful due to extensive historical data and widespread use of AI; over 300,000 animals have been genotyped across several dairy breeds; the percentage of genomically tested young bulls marketed has increased significantly since 2007; non-additive effects, novel recessives, and whole genome sequencing can further improve selection; and new phenotypes like health traits and methane production are being studied but require large datasets for accurate evaluation.
PyPedal, an open source software package for pedigree analysisJohn B. Cole, Ph.D.
PyPedal is an open source package written in the Python programming language that provides high-level tools for manipulating pedigrees. The goal is to provide expressive tools for exploratory data analysis. This was a poster presented at the 2012 European Association for Animal Production meeting in Bratislava.
Presentation describing how haplotypes can be used to make on-farm management decisions made at the 2012 European Association for Animal Production meeting in Bratislava.
This document summarizes research using high-density SNP genotypes to fine-map quantitative trait loci (QTL) in cattle. It describes Illumina genotyping arrays with varying numbers of SNPs, from 54k to 778k. Two examples are given of identifying causal variants for haplotypes related to fertility. For HH1 in Holsteins, sequencing identified a missense mutation in APAF1 associated with embryonic lethality. For JH1 in Jerseys, a stopgain mutation was found in CWC15. Preliminary fine-mapping of the Weaver locus using HD genotypes identified a region on BTA4 for further study by next-generation sequencing.
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptxgoluk9330
Ahota Beel, nestled in Sootea Biswanath Assam , is celebrated for its extraordinary diversity of bird species. This wetland sanctuary supports a myriad of avian residents and migrants alike. Visitors can admire the elegant flights of migratory species such as the Northern Pintail and Eurasian Wigeon, alongside resident birds including the Asian Openbill and Pheasant-tailed Jacana. With its tranquil scenery and varied habitats, Ahota Beel offers a perfect haven for birdwatchers to appreciate and study the vibrant birdlife that thrives in this natural refuge.
PPT on Sustainable Land Management presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark UniverseSérgio Sacani
Recent theoretical progress indicates that spacetime and gravity emerge together from the entanglement structure of an underlying microscopic theory. These ideas are best understood in Anti-de Sitter space, where they rely on the area law for entanglement entropy. The extension to de Sitter space requires taking into account the entropy and temperature associated with the cosmological horizon. Using insights from string theory, black hole physics and quantum information theory we argue that the positive dark energy leads to a thermal volume law contribution to the entropy that overtakes the area law precisely at the cosmological horizon. Due to the competition between area and volume law entanglement the microscopic de Sitter states do not thermalise at sub-Hubble scales: they exhibit memory effects in the form of an entropy displacement caused by matter. The emergent laws of gravity contain an additional ‘dark’ gravitational force describing the ‘elastic’ response due to the entropy displacement. We derive an estimate of the strength of this extra force in terms of the baryonic mass, Newton’s constant and the Hubble acceleration scale a0 = cH0, and provide evidence for the fact that this additional ‘dark gravity force’ explains the observed phenomena in galaxies and clusters currently attributed to dark matter.
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...Sérgio Sacani
Wereport the study of a huge optical intraday flare on 2021 November 12 at 2 a.m. UT in the blazar OJ287. In the binary black hole model, it is associated with an impact of the secondary black hole on the accretion disk of the primary. Our multifrequency observing campaign was set up to search for such a signature of the impact based on a prediction made 8 yr earlier. The first I-band results of the flare have already been reported by Kishore et al. (2024). Here we combine these data with our monitoring in the R-band. There is a big change in the R–I spectral index by 1.0 ±0.1 between the normal background and the flare, suggesting a new component of radiation. The polarization variation during the rise of the flare suggests the same. The limits on the source size place it most reasonably in the jet of the secondary BH. We then ask why we have not seen this phenomenon before. We show that OJ287 was never before observed with sufficient sensitivity on the night when the flare should have happened according to the binary model. We also study the probability that this flare is just an oversized example of intraday variability using the Krakow data set of intense monitoring between 2015 and 2023. We find that the occurrence of a flare of this size and rapidity is unlikely. In machine-readable Tables 1 and 2, we give the full orbit-linked historical light curve of OJ287 as well as the dense monitoring sample of Krakow.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
Mechanisms and Applications of Antiviral Neutralizing Antibodies - Creative B...Creative-Biolabs
Neutralizing antibodies, pivotal in immune defense, specifically bind and inhibit viral pathogens, thereby playing a crucial role in protecting against and mitigating infectious diseases. In this slide, we will introduce what antibodies and neutralizing antibodies are, the production and regulation of neutralizing antibodies, their mechanisms of action, classification and applications, as well as the challenges they face.
Signatures of wave erosion in Titan’s coastsSérgio Sacani
The shorelines of Titan’s hydrocarbon seas trace flooded erosional landforms such as river valleys; however, it isunclear whether coastal erosion has subsequently altered these shorelines. Spacecraft observations and theo-retical models suggest that wind may cause waves to form on Titan’s seas, potentially driving coastal erosion,but the observational evidence of waves is indirect, and the processes affecting shoreline evolution on Titanremain unknown. No widely accepted framework exists for using shoreline morphology to quantitatively dis-cern coastal erosion mechanisms, even on Earth, where the dominant mechanisms are known. We combinelandscape evolution models with measurements of shoreline shape on Earth to characterize how differentcoastal erosion mechanisms affect shoreline morphology. Applying this framework to Titan, we find that theshorelines of Titan’s seas are most consistent with flooded landscapes that subsequently have been eroded bywaves, rather than a uniform erosional process or no coastal erosion, particularly if wave growth saturates atfetch lengths of tens of kilometers.
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...Sérgio Sacani
We present the JWST discovery of SN 2023adsy, a transient object located in a host galaxy JADES-GS
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2.903
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0.007
. The transient was identified in deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program. Photometric and spectroscopic followup with NIRCam and NIRSpec, respectively, confirm the redshift and yield UV-NIR light-curve, NIR color, and spectroscopic information all consistent with a Type Ia classification. Despite its classification as a likely SN Ia, SN 2023adsy is both fairly red (
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(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...Scintica Instrumentation
Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.
Holsinger, Bruce W. - Music, body and desire in medieval culture [2001].pdf
Genetic Evaluation of Calving Traits in US Holsteins
1. 200
7
J.B. ColeJ.B. Cole
Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory
Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD
john.cole@ars.usda.gov
Genetic Evaluation of CalvingGenetic Evaluation of Calving
Traits in US HolsteinsTraits in US Holsteins
2. LSU 2007 – Animal Sciences Seminar (2) Cole
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7
IntroductionIntroduction
National evaluations were introduced for
Holstein calving ease (CE) in August 2002
and for stillbirth (SB) in August 2006.
A calving ability index (CA$) which
includes SB and calving ease (CE) was
developed.
Relationships among calving traits and
other diseases are being studied.
3. LSU 2007 – Animal Sciences Seminar (3) Cole
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Why the concern?Why the concern?
Calving difficulty and stillbirth are
expensive (Dematawewa and Berger,
1997; Meyer et al., 2001)
There is concern that rates of dystocia
and stillbirth are increasing
Lactations initiated with dystocia have
higher risks for other diseases (Cole et
al., unpublished data).
4. LSU 2007 – Animal Sciences Seminar (4) Cole
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How do the evaluations work?How do the evaluations work?
Funded by the National Association
of Animal Breeders
Data are collected from multiple
sources:
• Pedigree from breed associations
• Calving data from DRPC
Evaluated using a sire-maternal
grandsire threshold model
5. LSU 2007 – Animal Sciences Seminar (6) Cole
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Calving ease definitionCalving ease definition
Reported on a five-point scale:
1 = No problem
2 = Slight problem
3 = Needed assistance
4 = Considerable force
5 = Extreme difficulty
Scores of 4 and 5 are combined
6. LSU 2007 – Animal Sciences Seminar (7) Cole
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Stillbirth definitionStillbirth definition
Reported on a three-point scale:
Scores of 2 and 3 are combined
1 = calf born alive,
2 = calf born dead,
3 = calf died within 48 h of
parturition.
7. LSU 2007 – Animal Sciences Seminar (8) Cole
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Distribution of SB and CE ScoresDistribution of SB and CE Scores
7,484,30929,320348,6775,348,0291,758,283Total
96,0871,27232,19638,92923,6905
207,2421,74037,851108,03759,6144
633,0293,35370,522375,203183,9513
738,8532,53749,858482,720203,7382
5,809,09820,418158,2504,343,1401,287,2901
Total3210
CalvingEaseScore
Stillbirth Score
8. LSU 2007 – Animal Sciences Seminar (9) Cole
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Stillbirth records by lactationStillbirth records by lactation
0
100
200
300
400
500
1980 1990 2000
Birth Year
NumberofRecords(thousands)
3
2
1
9. LSU 2007 – Animal Sciences Seminar (10) Cole
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Data and editsData and edits
7 million SB records were available for
Holstein cows calving since 1980
Herds needed ≥10 calving records
with SB scores of 2 or 3 for inclusion
Herd-years were required to include
≥20 records
Only single births were used (no
twins)
10. LSU 2007 – Animal Sciences Seminar (11) Cole
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Sire-MGS threshold modelSire-MGS threshold model
Implemented for calving ease (Aug
2002) and stillbirth (Aug 2006)
Sire effects allow for corrective
matings in heifers to avoid large
calves
MGS effects control against
selection for small animals which
would have difficulty calving
11. LSU 2007 – Animal Sciences Seminar (12) Cole
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Genetic evaluation modelGenetic evaluation model
A sire-maternal grandsire (MGS)
threshold model was used:
• Fixed: year-season, parity-sex, sire and
MGS birth year
• Random: herd-year, sire, MGS
(Co)variance components were
estimated by Gibbs sampling
• Heritabilities are 3.0% (direct) and 6.5%
(MGS)
ijklnoprnplonlkjiijklnopr emsBMBSPSYShyy +++++++= ijklnoprnplonlkjiijklnopr emsBMBSPSYShyy +++++++= ijklnoprnplonlkjiijklnopr emsBMBSPSYShyy +++++++=
12. LSU 2007 – Animal Sciences Seminar (13) Cole
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Trait definitionTrait definition
PTA are expressed as the expected
percentage of stillbirths
Direct SB measures the effect of the calf
itself
Maternal SB measures the effect of a
particular cow (daughter)
A base of 8% was used for both traits:
Direct: bulls born 1996–2000
Maternal: bulls born 1991–1995
17. LSU 2007 – Animal Sciences Seminar (18) Cole
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Dystocia and stillbirthDystocia and stillbirth
Meyer et al. (2001) make a strong argument for
the inclusion of dystocia in models for SB
Difficulty of interpretation - formidable
educational challenge
Interbull trait harmonization - none of the
March 2006 test run participants included
dystocia in their models
Changes in sire and MGS solutions on the
underlying scale between models were small
18. LSU 2007 – Animal Sciences Seminar (19) Cole
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Evaluation conclusionsEvaluation conclusions
Reliabilities for SB averaged 45%
versus 60% for CE
Phenotypic and genetic trends
from 1980 to 2005 were both small
An industry-wide effort is currently
underway to improve recording of
calf livability
19. LSU 2007 – Animal Sciences Seminar (20) Cole
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Index dataIndex data
Same initial dataset as BV estimation
Calvings with unknown MGS were
eliminated for VCE
Records with sire and MGS among the
2,600 most-frequently appearing bulls
were selected
2,083,979 calving records from 5,765
herds and 33,304 herd-years
20. LSU 2007 – Animal Sciences Seminar (21) Cole
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SamplingSampling
Six datasets ofSix datasets of ~250,000~250,000 records each wererecords each were
created by randomly sampling herd codescreated by randomly sampling herd codes
without replacementwithout replacement
Datasets ranged fromDatasets ranged from 239,192239,192 toto 286,794286,794
observations, and all averagedobservations, and all averaged 7%7% stillbirthsstillbirths
A common pedigree file was used to facilitateA common pedigree file was used to facilitate
comparisons between sire and MGS solutionscomparisons between sire and MGS solutions
22. LSU 2007 – Animal Sciences Seminar (23) Cole
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Genetic correlations among SB and CEGenetic correlations among SB and CE
Trait
CE SB
Direct Maternal Direct Maternal
CE
Direct 1.00 0.46 0.67 0.25
Maternal 1.00 0.29 0.63
SB
Direct 1.00 0.28
Maternal 1.00
23. LSU 2007 – Animal Sciences Seminar (24) Cole
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Economic assumptionsEconomic assumptions
Newborn calf value
Expenses per difficult birth (CE ≥4)
$450 for females
$150 for males
$75 labor and veterinary
$100 reduced milk yield
$75 reduced fertility and longevity
1.5% chance of cow death ($1800)
24. LSU 2007 – Animal Sciences Seminar (25) Cole
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Calving Ability indexCalving Ability index
CA$ has a genetic correlation of 0.85 with
the combined direct and maternal CE
values in 2003 NM$ and 0.77 with
maternal CE in TPI
Calving traits receive 6% of the total
emphasis in NM$ (August 2006 revision)
(DCE ) (MCE ) (DSB ) (MSCA$ B )= − − − − − − − −4 8 3 8 4 8 8 8
25. LSU 2007 – Animal Sciences Seminar (26) Cole
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Breeds other than HolsteinBreeds other than Holstein
Brown Swiss economic values are
−6 for SCE and −8 for DCE
• Separate SB evaluations are not
available
• CE values include the correlated
response in SB
Other breeds will be assigned CA$
of 0
26. LSU 2007 – Animal Sciences Seminar (27) Cole
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Health and calving traitsHealth and calving traits
Health event data from on-farm
computer systems
Events arranged in putative causal
order by DIM at first occurrence
Path analysis to determine
associations among disorders
Significant associations shown in
following tables (P < 0.05)
27. LSU 2007 – Animal Sciences Seminar (28) Cole
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Health and dystociaHealth and dystocia
Disorder DIM Odds Ratio
Stillbirth 1 39.0
Retained placenta 1 3.8
Mastitis (0—30 d) 6 2.3
Ketosis 11 3.1
Metritis 16 3.9
Reproductive 32 2.3
Displaced abomasum 29 2.2
Respiratory 44 3.0
28. LSU 2007 – Animal Sciences Seminar (29) Cole
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Health and stillbirthHealth and stillbirth
Disorder DIM Odds Ratio
Retained placenta 1 2.8
Mastitis (0—30 d) 6 2.4
Metritis 16 2.1
Displaced abomasum 30 2.3
Reproductive 32 3.4
Digestive 52 2.8
29. LSU 2007 – Animal Sciences Seminar (30) Cole
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ConclusionsConclusions
A routine evaluation for stillbirth in US
Holsteins was implemented in August 2006
Direct and maternal stillbirth were included in
NM$ for Holsteins starting in August 2006
The US participates in routine Interbull
evaluations that began in November 2006
Calving problems increase lifetime health care
costs and decrease profitability
30. LSU 2007 – Animal Sciences Seminar (31) Cole
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AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments
Jeff Berger, Iowa State University
John Clay, Dairy Records Management
Systems
Ignacy Misztal and Shogo Tsuruta,
University of Georgia
National Association of Animal Breeders