1) The document discusses strategies for developing smart cities, arguing that a sole focus on infrastructure ignores social factors. 2) It proposes considering "urban innovation" and "city-regions" as alternatives that emphasize community involvement over top-down planning and prioritize social and cultural systems. 3) The key questions are how to design, apply, and use urban technologies in a way that avoids mistakes made in developed countries and instead focuses on cooperation and balance across different sectors within city-regions.

1. “Smart” Strategies
for the Developing World
LSE, Future of Cities Group.
(Towards the) Future of City-Regions (?)
Dr. Igor Calzada, Ph.D.
Research Associate at the University of Oxford. Future of Cities Programme, InSIS.
PostDoctoral Research Fellow at the Ikerbasque.
Lecturer at the University of Mondragon.
Dr. Igor Calzada, Ph.D.
http://about.me/icalzada

2. 1 Question:
(Towards the)
Future of City-Regions (?)
10 Ideas…
Dr. Igor Calzada, Ph.D.
http://about.me/icalzada

3. 1.- Smart City?
· What about 2nd Division players? Regions.
· When we are talking about Global Smart Cities,
are we just thinking about Urban Growth Strategies?
· Are we going to learn anything from the Crisis?
· What are the practices of Cisco, IBM,…?
· Could we just implement
the same “failed” Urban Growth Strategies from Developed Countries´
mindset to Developing Countries?
· It would seem to be a great Mistake. (i.e: The Vertical Village in Asian countries)
Something is missing…
Dr. Igor Calzada, Ph.D.
http://about.me/icalzada

4. 2.- Smart City?
We need to complete Smart Cities with an Urban Innovation approach
Factors
Smart
Ci-es
Urban
Innova-on
Enphasis
Building/Infrastructures
People
Usage
Sprawl
&
Separated
Usages
Mix
of
Usages
Urban
Ac?on
Consump?on
Crea?vity
Foster
Movement
Human
Interac?on
Hub/s
City
Center
or
Downtown
Policentric
Scale
Metropolitan
Rural
&
Urban
Transport
Car
Intermodal:
Train
&
Bike.
Culture
Homogenic
&
Disequal
Diverse
&
Equal
Entrepreneurship
Barriers
to
Entrepreneurs
Open
Innova?on
Business
Big
Companies
Bees
&
Trees
Unit
Global
Ci?es
City-­‐Region
Dr. Igor Calzada, Ph.D.
http://about.me/icalzada

5. 3.- The key question is:
How should we design, use & apply the Urban Technologies?
• Do not make the same MISTAKE that we have made in the developed
countries with the developing countries.
• Dangerous assumption: Development is Growth? Great Mistake.
Paradigm
Smart
Ci-es
Urban
Innova-on
Nature
Ar?ficial
Emergency
Planifica?on
Top-­‐down
BoRom-­‐up
Focus
on
Market
Civic
Society
Territorial
Strategy
Growth
Degrowth
Dr. Igor Calzada, Ph.D.
http://about.me/icalzada

6. 4.- As a consequence:
We should invest more time and resources
researching & co-creating
much more
from the Soft factors
>
than from Hard factors.
Dr. Igor Calzada, Ph.D.
http://about.me/icalzada

7. 5.- So what about this TRIAD? Change the sequence & logic.
Up to now:
2.-­‐
Public
3.-­‐
Civic
1.-­‐
Market
Administra?on
Society
From now:
1.-­‐
Civic
Society
2.-­‐
Public
Administra?on
> 3.-­‐
Market
Dr. Igor Calzada, Ph.D.
http://about.me/icalzada

8. 6.- We can notice nowadays the emergence of a new territorial unit
where we can apply Urban Innovation easier than in Nation-States and
Global Smart Cities:
City-Region
Dr. Igor Calzada, Ph.D.
http://about.me/icalzada

9. 7.- City-Region Model:
Definition
“A core city,
or network of urban communities,
linked by functional economic and
social ties to a hinterland”.
Dr. Igor Calzada, Ph.D.
http://about.me/icalzada

10. 8.- City-Region Model:
CYBER
4 Systems Rela?onal
System
URBS
CIVITAS
Urban
CITY-­‐ Socio-­‐
REGION
Cultural
System
System
POLIS
Socio-­‐
Poli?cal
System
Dr. Igor Calzada, Ph.D.
http://about.me/icalzada

11. 9.- City-Region Model:
CYBER
Rela?onal
Bangalore System
Curitiba
Oresund Dublin
Portland
Austin
URBS
Linz
CIVITAS
Urban
CITY-­‐ Berlin Socio-­‐
REGION
Quebec Cultural
System
System
Some Basque
Baden- Portoalegre
City-Region Wuttenberg Glasgow
Locations
in the POLIS
Comparative Socio-­‐
Territorial Poli?cal
Benchmarking System
Dr. Igor Calzada, Ph.D.
http://about.me/icalzada

12. 10.- Future of City-Regions = Comparative Territorial Benchmarking:
To sum up, 3 Main Conclusions:
1) Some City-Regions behave better than others in certain Systems.
2) Thus, the key challenge for a City-Region should be, how to get an
Interdependency & Equilibrium between the 4 Systems at the same time.
3) Finally, what we could learn from the Smart Global Cities’ Growth Strategy
would be that:
• The rhythm and the boundaries of the Territorial Development are
relevant.
• Avoid tensions between Systems.
• The sequence and the role of the triad should be taken into account
and need to be adapted for each specific case.
• The future of cities’ strategy could be based on the growth, but also on
the degrowth.
Dr. Igor Calzada, Ph.D.
http://about.me/icalzada

13. thank you
Dr.
Igor
Calzada,
Ph.D.
-­‐-­‐-­‐
igor.calzada@insis.ox.ac.uk
-­‐-­‐-­‐
hRp://www.igorcalzada.com
hRp://www.basquecity.org
hRp://about.me/icalzada
Skype:
icalzada
TwiRer:
@icalzada
-­‐-­‐-­‐
University
of
Oxford
(UK)
InSIS,
64
Banbury
Rd.
OX2
6PN.
Oxford.
UK.
hRp://www.futureofci?es.ox.ac.uk/people/igor-­‐calzada
-­‐-­‐-­‐
+00
44
7887.661925.
[UK]
-­‐-­‐-­‐
Dr. Igor Calzada, Ph.D.
http://about.me/icalzada

14. 10 Ideas:
1.- Smart City?
2.- Smart City >>>> or simply Urban Innovation?
3.- Could we apply Urban Technologies at the same way that we did
for Developing Countries and Developed Countries? (Develop is
Growth?) Mistake.
4.- Invest more SOFT > HARD.
5.- From MK>Adm>Civic Society to Civic Society>Adm>MK.
6.- City-Region?
7.- City-Regions: Def.
8.- City-Region Model: 4 SYSTEMS.
9.- Apply from SOFT to HARD.
10.- To sum up: City-Regions as a 2nd Division Urban Player.
Dr. Igor Calzada, Ph.D.
http://about.me/icalzada