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This document discusses using location quotients to analyze regional employment data. It explains that a location quotient compares an industry's local employment share to its national employment share, with values over 1 indicating the industry has a greater presence locally than nationally. The document provides location quotients for various industries in the Wilmington region for 2010 and 2018, noting cautions around determining if quotients differ meaningfully from 1 and the limitations of aggregated industry data.
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The document discusses government deficits and debt. It notes that government spending (G) reduces other categories like consumption and investment. It then discusses the size of the current US debt held by the public ($16 trillion) and total debt including social security ($20 trillion). A ratio of debt to GDP is used to measure indebtedness over time, which has historically risen during wars and fallen during peacetime, until recently. The document then discusses different ways to pay for government spending like taxes, borrowing, and money printing, noting each option has drawbacks.
Is govt investment productive for stud exam
The document discusses government debt and deficits. It notes that government spending reduces other categories like consumption. It provides data showing US debt held by the public is around $16 trillion and total debt is $20 trillion. Historically, the debt to GDP ratio rises during wars and falls during peacetime. Large and persistent deficits can lead to continually rising government debt. Government budget deficits decrease investment by "crowding out" private investment, which can reduce long term economic growth.
Is production the key? short
While production growth and industrialization have lifted living standards globally, unrestrained growth poses environmental risks. Some key points:
- Industrialization and economic growth are relatively new phenomena historically. Most countries grew quickly after industrializing.
- Higher production and GDP per capita are generally associated with lower poverty, but environmental impacts must be addressed.
- Productivity gains, through more/better capital, skills, technology and resource use, are important for growth and living standards. But policies are needed to encourage sustainable practices.
- There are no simple answers, as both economic development and environmental protection are important objectives. Balanced and innovative solutions are needed.
Drugs of despair
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This document discusses how economic recessions can lead to increased drug use and related health issues. It notes that during recessions, unemployment rises and more people experience despair. When unemployment insurance expires, some turn to disability benefits or medications. When prescription opioid access is restricted, people may substitute other drugs. The document also briefly previews aggregate demand/aggregate supply economic models and concepts like how price level changes can impact consumption, investment, and net exports through wealth, interest rate, and exchange rate effects.
Local taxes and finance
The document summarizes sources of revenue for different levels of government and taxes in the US and North Carolina. It notes that the federal government receives 48% of revenue from individual income taxes, 9% from corporate income tax, and 35% from payroll taxes. States rely heavily on sales and income taxes, while local governments rely most on property taxes, sales taxes, and intergovernmental transfers from states. It then focuses on sales and property taxes in more detail.
Regional economic development
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Supply and Demand practice baseball gloves
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2. Readers are asked to draw supply and demand diagrams and label the original and new curves for each scenario.
3. Scenarios involve changes such as more kids joining little league, increases in the price of leather, and new competitors entering the market.
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
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Chapter 5
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Chapter 6
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2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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LQs
- 2. Regional Data • We have hotels, do we have “a lot”? – Raleigh has hotels too? • Need context! • 𝑳𝒐𝒄𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑸𝒖𝒐𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕 = 𝑳𝒐𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝑬𝒎𝒑 𝒊𝒏 𝑰𝒏𝒅 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑳𝒐𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝑬𝒎𝒑 𝑵𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝑬𝒎𝒑 𝒊𝒏 𝑰𝒏𝒅 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑵𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝑬𝒎𝒑 • LQ > 1 More than national average • LQ < 1 Less than national average
- 3. LQs and Wage data Industry (emp) Avg Annual Wage (NHC 2018) Leis & Hosp (18027) 17836 Construction (7798) 50,791 Information (3159) 70,161 Trade, Trans, Util (22196) 37,275 Prof & Bus Serv (15235) 55,556 Finance (5449) 67,165 Educ & Health (13857) 45,729 Manufacturing (5104) 78,157 Nat Res. & Min. (152) 41,014 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 Industry Location Quotients Wilmington Region 2010 2018
- 4. Cautions • Is the LQ different from 1? – Often difficult to tell – Imprecise at local level • Do not consider size of firms – One large firm doesn’t indicate a “cluster” • Often too aggregated – i.e. types of manufacturing
- 5. Diagram Here… Identifying Important Industries (see notes from class)