Low power MAC for wireless sensor network

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Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi

2. Group members
 Attia Iqbal
 Hafsa Rashid
 Maria Sharif
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Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi

3. TOPIC
Low Power MAC For Wireless Sensor
Networks
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4. MAC
 Medium access control or media access control (MAC) layer is
the lower sublayer of the data link layer (layer 2) of the seven-
layer OSI model
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5. Low power MAC for WSNs
 Networks that consists of sensors which are distributed in an ad
hoc manner
 Low-power MAC protocol, for low-traffic wireless sensor
network.
 Low power MAC for Wireless sensor networks consists of
protocols and algorithms
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6. Types of MAC protocols
There are three types of mac protocols:
1. Fixed-allocation
2. Demand-based
3. Contention-based
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7. Fixed-allocation MAC protocol
Share the common medium
It is suitable for sensor network that continuously monitor
and generate deterministic data traffic
Provide a bounded delay for each node
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8. Demand-based MAC protocol
Channel is allocated according to the demand of the node
 Variable rate traffic can be efficiently transmitted
 Require the additional overhead of a reservation process
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9. Contention-based MAC protocol
Random-access-based contention for the channel when
packets need to be transmitted
Suitable for bursty traffic
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10. Subsystem of node
Each node of the sensor networks consist of three subsystem:
1. Sensor subsystem
2. Processing subsystem
3. Communication subsystem
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11. Sensor subsystem: Senses the environment
Processing subsystem: Performs local computations on the
sensed data
Communication subsystem: Responsible for message
exchange with neighboring sensor nodes
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12. Energy efficient wireless MAC protocol
There are four sources of energy waste:
1. Idle listening
2. Overhearing
3. Collisions
4. Protocol overhead
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13.  Idle listening: Idle listening refers to the active listening to an
idle channel
 Overhearing: Receive packets destined to others
 Collisions: Multiple senders want to talk
 Protocol overhead: It refers to the packet headers and the
signaling required by the protocol in addition to the
transmission of data payloads
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14.  Energy efficient system extends the WSN’s lifetime and
increases its computational capabilities
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15. Duty-cycling
 It is a primary technique significantly improving the energy
efficiency of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)
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16. Types of duty-cycling
1. Synchronous duty-cycling
2. Asynchronous duty-cycling
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17.  Synchronous duty-cycling: In synchronous duty-cycling, all
nodes have synchronized duty cycles
 Asynchronous duty-cycling: , In asynchronous duty-cycling,
nodes have their own duty cycles
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18. Power consumption
 A large number of sensor nodes
 cheap batteries
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19. Example
 Switching the RF(radio frequency) transceiver
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20. Types of transmission
1. Uplink (from the sensor nodes to the access point)
2. Downlink (from the access point to the sensor nodes)
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21. 21
Uplink transmission
Access points can listen all the time to the channel
 Multiple access to the channel
Downlink transmission
Data transmission without requiring sensor nodes
continuously listen to the channel
Tradeoff between power consumption and transmission delay
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22.  If the medium is found busy, a sensor node continues to listen
until a data frame is received or until the medium becomes idle
again
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23. Researches about MAC
 Liao introduced a high performance low-power 32-bits MAC
with Single-Instruction-Multiple-Data (SIMD) feature.
 Elguibaly proposed a merged MAC operation and gave an
analytical overview of how his technique optimizes the MAC
hardware.
 Murakami et al. adopted the half array implementation to
design a high speed and area-effective MAC architecture.
Raghuneth et al. made use of a carry-save multiplier that can
simplify sign extension and saturation, and further applies it on
the MAC architecture to reduce the unit’s area and power
consumption.
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24.  The 32-bit MAC unit architecture is very large, so the 8-bit
MAC unit architecture is used
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25. Applications OF Low power MAC for WSNs:
Health care monitoring
Air pollution monitoring
Landslide detection
Water quality monitoring
Natural disaster prevention
Industrial monitoring
Area monitoring
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26. References
1. http://www.slideshare.net/shikhathegreat/ppt-on-low-power-wireless-sensor-network-
5th-sem
2. Won, Myounggyu, Taejoon Park, and Sang H. Son. "Asym-MAC: A MAC Protocol for
Low-Power Duty-Cycled Wireless Sensor Networks with Asymmetric Links." IEEE
Communications Letters 18.5 (2014): 809-812.
3. Shi, Xiaolei, and Guido Stromberg. "SyncWUF: An ultra low-power MAC protocol for
wireless sensor networks." IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 6.1 (2007): 115-
125.
4. Abdelgawad, A. "Low power multiply accumulate unit (MAC) for future Wireless
Sensor Networks." Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS), 2013 IEEE. IEEE, 2013.
5. El-Hoiydi, Amre, and J-D. Decotignie. "WiseMAC: an ultra low power MAC protocol
for the downlink of infrastructure wireless sensor networks." Computers and
Communications, 2004. Proceedings. ISCC 2004. Ninth International Symposium on.
Vol. 1. IEEE, 2004.
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