Long-term effectiveness of Sustainable Land Management practices to control runoff, soil erosion and nutrient loss in Mediterranean rainfed agroecosystems
1) The study evaluated the effects of no-tillage systems and other soil conservation practices on mitigating water erosion in the Mediterranean climatic zone of central Chile.
2) Results showed that no-tillage systems significantly reduced runoff, soil losses, and nutrient losses compared to conventional tillage. Soil water content was also higher under no-tillage systems.
3) Specifically, no-tillage with subsoiling resulted in the highest crop yields, especially during drier years, by increasing water infiltration and reducing soil compaction compared to other treatments.
Soil organic carbon and nitrogen sequestration by long-term of CA in Mollisol...Joanna Hicks
This study evaluated the long-term effects of three tillage systems - no tillage (NT), minimum tillage (MT), and conventional tillage (CT) - on soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and other soil properties over 10 years in Central Mexico. The key findings were:
1) NT and MT increased soil organic carbon and total nitrogen at shallow depths compared to CT, resulting in higher carbon and nitrogen sequestration rates under conservation tillage.
2) NT and MT maintained higher carbon/nitrogen ratios and volumetric water content in surface soils than CT.
3) CT had greater bulk density and lower organic carbon and total nitrogen at deeper depths, likely due to compaction
1. The study examined the short-term effects of applying water treatment residual (WTR) sludge to sandy soils on soil properties and the growth of sorghum in Sudan.
2. Results showed that mixing WTR sludge at 20% by weight with sandy soils significantly improved soil organic matter, total nitrogen, cation exchange capacity, and water retention compared to untreated soils.
3. Sorghum grown in soils amended with WTR sludge produced higher dry matter yields and was more water use efficient than crops grown without WTR treatment, demonstrating the potential of WTR to increase food security and resilience in sandy soils that experience land degradation and drought.
Potential soil organic matter benefits from mixed farming: evidence from long...Sustainable Food Trust
David Powlson's presentation from the Sustainable Food Trust's meeting: What role for grazing livestock in a world of climate change and diet-related disease?
This study assessed soil health metrics across crop and hay fields in the Piedmont region of North Carolina. Soil samples were taken from 3 depths down to 1 meter across fields under different land management systems. Ten metrics were measured in the field and laboratory to evaluate differences between systems. Most metrics did not detect differences between crop and hay fields. Soil organic carbon and respiration rates differed between depths but not systems. Enzyme assays showed differences between depths and an interaction between system and depth. Standardized soil health measurement protocols need further refinement to be practical and effective at distinguishing management impacts.
Effects of land use/cover on soil aggregate-associated organic carbon in a mo...ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 2 Parallel session on Theme 2, Maintaining and/or increasing SOC stocks for climate change mitigation and adaptation and Land Degradation Neutrality, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Tshering Dorji, from Ministry of Agriculture and Forest - Bhutan, in FAO Hq, Rome
COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE OF SRI OVER TRANSPLANTED RICE IN TERMS OF YIELD A...P.K. Mani
The document compares the yield and soil properties of System of Rice Intensification (SRI) and traditionally transplanted rice. SRI resulted in 49% higher grain yield compared to traditional farming across several studies. SRI also improved water productivity by saving 30-40% irrigation water. Soil properties like nitrogen use efficiency, microbial activity, and root growth were significantly better under SRI. In conclusion, SRI outperformed traditional rice farming in terms of yield, water productivity, nutrient use efficiency and soil health.
1) The study evaluated the effects of no-tillage systems and other soil conservation practices on mitigating water erosion in the Mediterranean climatic zone of central Chile.
2) Results showed that no-tillage systems significantly reduced runoff, soil losses, and nutrient losses compared to conventional tillage. Soil water content was also higher under no-tillage systems.
3) Specifically, no-tillage with subsoiling resulted in the highest crop yields, especially during drier years, by increasing water infiltration and reducing soil compaction compared to other treatments.
Soil organic carbon and nitrogen sequestration by long-term of CA in Mollisol...Joanna Hicks
This study evaluated the long-term effects of three tillage systems - no tillage (NT), minimum tillage (MT), and conventional tillage (CT) - on soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and other soil properties over 10 years in Central Mexico. The key findings were:
1) NT and MT increased soil organic carbon and total nitrogen at shallow depths compared to CT, resulting in higher carbon and nitrogen sequestration rates under conservation tillage.
2) NT and MT maintained higher carbon/nitrogen ratios and volumetric water content in surface soils than CT.
3) CT had greater bulk density and lower organic carbon and total nitrogen at deeper depths, likely due to compaction
1. The study examined the short-term effects of applying water treatment residual (WTR) sludge to sandy soils on soil properties and the growth of sorghum in Sudan.
2. Results showed that mixing WTR sludge at 20% by weight with sandy soils significantly improved soil organic matter, total nitrogen, cation exchange capacity, and water retention compared to untreated soils.
3. Sorghum grown in soils amended with WTR sludge produced higher dry matter yields and was more water use efficient than crops grown without WTR treatment, demonstrating the potential of WTR to increase food security and resilience in sandy soils that experience land degradation and drought.
Potential soil organic matter benefits from mixed farming: evidence from long...Sustainable Food Trust
David Powlson's presentation from the Sustainable Food Trust's meeting: What role for grazing livestock in a world of climate change and diet-related disease?
This study assessed soil health metrics across crop and hay fields in the Piedmont region of North Carolina. Soil samples were taken from 3 depths down to 1 meter across fields under different land management systems. Ten metrics were measured in the field and laboratory to evaluate differences between systems. Most metrics did not detect differences between crop and hay fields. Soil organic carbon and respiration rates differed between depths but not systems. Enzyme assays showed differences between depths and an interaction between system and depth. Standardized soil health measurement protocols need further refinement to be practical and effective at distinguishing management impacts.
Effects of land use/cover on soil aggregate-associated organic carbon in a mo...ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 2 Parallel session on Theme 2, Maintaining and/or increasing SOC stocks for climate change mitigation and adaptation and Land Degradation Neutrality, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Tshering Dorji, from Ministry of Agriculture and Forest - Bhutan, in FAO Hq, Rome
COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE OF SRI OVER TRANSPLANTED RICE IN TERMS OF YIELD A...P.K. Mani
The document compares the yield and soil properties of System of Rice Intensification (SRI) and traditionally transplanted rice. SRI resulted in 49% higher grain yield compared to traditional farming across several studies. SRI also improved water productivity by saving 30-40% irrigation water. Soil properties like nitrogen use efficiency, microbial activity, and root growth were significantly better under SRI. In conclusion, SRI outperformed traditional rice farming in terms of yield, water productivity, nutrient use efficiency and soil health.
Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration and Crop Production in China based on Long-...ExternalEvents
The document summarizes research on soil organic carbon sequestration and crop production in China based on long-term experiments. It discusses (1) key long-term experiment sites across China that have studied the effects of fertilization on soil and crops over decades, (2) relationships between soil organic carbon levels and crop yields showing that higher SOC contributes to higher and more stable yields, and (3) analysis of optimal SOC levels for different crop producing regions in China.
C sequestration of a grazed permanent grasslands: uses of complementary metho...ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 1 Parallel session on Theme 3.2, Managing SOC in: Grasslands and livestock production systems, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Ms. Katja Klumpp, from INRA – France, in FAO Hq, Rome
Soil Organic Carbon for Food Security and ClimateCIFOR-ICRAF
Presentation given by Deborah Bossio, lead soil scientist at the Nature Conservancy, at the Global Landscapes Forum on 16 November 2016 in Marrakesh, Morocco.
http://www.landscapes.org/
Status of Soil Organic Carbon Stocks in the Small Island Developing States (S...ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 2 Parallel session on Theme 1, Monitoring, mapping, measuring, reporting and verification (MRV) of SOC, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Siosiua Halavatu, from Secretariat of Pacific States - Fiji, in FAO Hq, Rome
The Climate Food and Farming (CLIFF) Research Network is an international research network that helps to expand young researchers' knowledge and experience working on climate change mitigation in smallholder farming. CLIFF provides grants for selected doctoral students to work with CGIAR researchers affiliated with the Standard Assessment of Mitigation Potential and Livelihoods in Smallholder Systems (SAMPLES) project.
This presentation is Drainage of Flooded Rice Soil Influence the Residue Carbon Contribution in Methane Emissions by Phan Hữu Thành, at the Institute for Agricultural Environment, Vietnamese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, in Hanoi, Vietnam.
Crop residue management in rice based cropping systemP.K. Mani
Crop residue has important effects on soil quality in rice-based cropping systems. When crop residues are removed, it leads to decreased soil fertility and lower crop production. Incorporating crop residue into the soil improves various indicators of soil quality, including physical properties like aggregation and porosity, chemical properties like soil organic matter and nutrient levels, and biological properties like microbial population and enzyme activity. Proper crop residue management can help sustain soil quality and fertility in rice fields over the long term.
Dryland agriculture contributes about 60 per cent of the food to the country. The climate change and the rainfall variability affects the crops grown in these lands. The improved agricultural practices will help the farmers to take care of the crops grown and reap higher yields. The sustainability and production factors will be improved with the advanced technologies. The tillage operations, moisture conservation practices, improved varieties, farm machinery, cropping systems will help for the economic stability of the farmers.
The document summarizes a study on using biochar to promote the bioremediation of petroleum contaminated soils. The study conducted a microcosm experiment to test the effects of amending contaminated soil with rice husk biochar, wheat straw biochar, or spent mushroom compost, individually or combined. Results showed shifts in the microbial community over time and between treatments. Total nitrogen, carbon, and pH also changed over time and treatments. Specifically, spent mushroom compost produced the largest difference from the control in microbial community composition. The study provides insights into microbial dynamics and the fate of chemical mixtures when biochar and compost are used for soil remediation.
The Deyland agriculture has to be improved with innovative research and technologies. The soil and water conservation structures need to established for higher productivity. The bore well recharge has to be done to increase the ground water table. Runoff farming need to be adopted to increase the water availability in off season crop cultivation
With the increasing human population, the primary dependence upon the agrarian society to meet the food requirements is at an all-time high. To fulfil these requirements, the dependency of farming community on insecticides and pesticides is no hidden fact. Over the last few decades, the injudicious use of chemical inputs and pesticides has resulted in serious environmental concerns. Moreover, rapid industrialization and other anthropogenic activities such as the unmanaged use of agro-chemicals and dumping of sewage sludge have caused soils and waterways to be severely contaminated with various pollutants like heavy metals, organic pollutants etc. Traditional physical and chemical methods for the clean-up of pollutants are often prohibitively expensive. Perhaps one of the greatest limitations to traditional clean-up methods is the fact that in spite of their high costs, they do not always ensure that contaminants are completely destroyed. As a result, the past two decades have seen a tremendous upsurge in the search for cost-effective and environmentally sound alternatives to traditional methods for dealing with wastes. Of the technologies that have been investigated, bioremediation has emerged as the most desirable approach for cleaning up many environmental pollutants. Bioremediation is an option that offers the possibility to destroy or render harmless various contaminants using natural biological activity.
Edoardo Costantini-Impact of climate change and management of soil characteri...Fundación Ramón Areces
El 17 de abril de 2015 la Fundación Ramón Areces se unió a la celebración del Año Internacional de los Suelos con la jornada 'El suelo como registro ambiental y recursos a conservar'. En ella, se abordó desde una perspectiva multidisciplinar su estado de conservación.
This study examined soil and water retention strategies using conservation agriculture with trees (CAWT) in Kibwezi, Kenya. Minimum and zero tillage increased soil organic carbon and cation exchange capacity compared to conventional tillage. Faidherbia albida, Gliricidia sepium and Tephrosia candida improved soil fertility when used in CAWT. Soil water content was highest under zero tillage and F. albida. The hardpan layer reduced infiltration. Overall, CAWT and water harvesting increased soil organic matter and water retention compared to conventional practices.
This study examined the effect of deficit irrigation on soil properties, physiology, and nutrient assimilation of sweet peppers. Three irrigation treatments were used: T1 (100% crop water requirement), T2 (90% CWR), and T3 (80% CWR). The results showed that higher irrigation amounts (T1) produced lower bulk density and higher porosity compared to the deficit treatments. Dry matter accumulation and harvest index decreased with greater water deficits. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium uptake by the peppers also decreased as the irrigation amounts decreased. While deficit irrigation affected soil physical properties, the effects were not significant. However, available soil moisture had a strong influence on nutrient uptake by the crops.
This study examined the effect of deficit irrigation on soil properties, physiology, and nutrient assimilation of sweet peppers. Three irrigation treatments were used: T1 (100% crop water requirement), T2 (90% CWR), and T3 (80% CWR). The results showed that higher irrigation amounts (T1) produced lower bulk density and higher porosity compared to the deficit treatments. Dry matter accumulation and harvest index decreased with greater water deficits. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium uptake by the peppers also decreased as the irrigation amounts decreased. While deficit irrigation affected soil physical properties, the effects were not significant. However, available soil moisture had a strong influence on nutrient uptake by the crops.
H.E. Thesis Presentation - final -1.1.14.pptxHussen34
This document summarizes a thesis that evaluated the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application rates and cutting height on morphological characteristics, yield, and nutritive value of elephant grass. The study was conducted in Northern Ethiopia and used a randomized complete block design with four nitrogen rates (0, 69, 115, 161 kg/ha) and three cutting heights (7.5, 15, 22.5 cm). Results showed that higher nitrogen rates and cutting heights increased plant growth characteristics like plant height, leaf number, and tillers per plant but decreased tiller weight. Yield and nutritive value varied depending on treatment combination. The study provides information to help optimize nitrogen fertilizer use and cutting management of elephant grass for improved forage production
Conservation Tillage Impacts on Water and Soil Quality Parameters Under Furro...EmmanuelDeleon11
Conservation tillage practices like minimum tillage (MT) and strip-till (ST) were found to reduce sediment loss, nutrient loss, and improve irrigation parameters compared to conventional tillage (CT) in a furrow irrigation system. Specifically, MT and ST reduced total suspended solids by 84-98% and sediment-bound nutrients like total Kjeldahl nitrogen and total phosphorus by 83-87% compared to CT. MT and ST also decreased runoff and improved advance time during irrigation events. The results indicate that conservation tillage can provide water quality benefits for furrow irrigated agriculture by reducing erosion and nutrient losses.
Sakshi Pandey presented on resource conservation technologies and their impact on resource conservation, economics, and productivity in agriculture. Some key points:
1) Indian agriculture consumes about 30% of total electricity and 20% of the world's arable land, yet faces increasing challenges of water scarcity, soil degradation, and stagnating yields.
2) Various resource conservation techniques were discussed, including conservation tillage practices like zero-tillage, reduced tillage, and furrow irrigation to save water, reduce energy use, and improve yields.
3) Precision farming tools like leaf color charts, green seekers, and laser land leveling were also presented as improving nutrient and water use efficiencies.
Soil Health and Environmental Management for Sustainable Agricultural Product...ICARDA
This document discusses soil health and sustainable agricultural systems. It provides background on historical climate changes and the development of agriculture. Population growth and increasing demands on agricultural resources are discussed. Challenges facing agriculture like soil degradation, loss of biodiversity, and water scarcity are summarized. The importance of soil organic carbon, crop residues, and no-till practices for soil quality and resilience are highlighted. Sustainable intensification through practices like integrated nutrient management and use of pulse crops are presented as ways to meet future food demand while protecting soils and the environment.
Peat soil carbon monitoring and management in IndonesiaExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 1 Parallel session on Theme 3.1, Managing SOC in: Soils with high SOC – peatlands, permafrost, and black soils, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Fahmuddin Agus, from Indonesian Soil research Institute – Indonesia, in FAO Hq, Rome
Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration and Crop Production in China based on Long-...ExternalEvents
The document summarizes research on soil organic carbon sequestration and crop production in China based on long-term experiments. It discusses (1) key long-term experiment sites across China that have studied the effects of fertilization on soil and crops over decades, (2) relationships between soil organic carbon levels and crop yields showing that higher SOC contributes to higher and more stable yields, and (3) analysis of optimal SOC levels for different crop producing regions in China.
C sequestration of a grazed permanent grasslands: uses of complementary metho...ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 1 Parallel session on Theme 3.2, Managing SOC in: Grasslands and livestock production systems, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Ms. Katja Klumpp, from INRA – France, in FAO Hq, Rome
Soil Organic Carbon for Food Security and ClimateCIFOR-ICRAF
Presentation given by Deborah Bossio, lead soil scientist at the Nature Conservancy, at the Global Landscapes Forum on 16 November 2016 in Marrakesh, Morocco.
http://www.landscapes.org/
Status of Soil Organic Carbon Stocks in the Small Island Developing States (S...ExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 2 Parallel session on Theme 1, Monitoring, mapping, measuring, reporting and verification (MRV) of SOC, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Siosiua Halavatu, from Secretariat of Pacific States - Fiji, in FAO Hq, Rome
The Climate Food and Farming (CLIFF) Research Network is an international research network that helps to expand young researchers' knowledge and experience working on climate change mitigation in smallholder farming. CLIFF provides grants for selected doctoral students to work with CGIAR researchers affiliated with the Standard Assessment of Mitigation Potential and Livelihoods in Smallholder Systems (SAMPLES) project.
This presentation is Drainage of Flooded Rice Soil Influence the Residue Carbon Contribution in Methane Emissions by Phan Hữu Thành, at the Institute for Agricultural Environment, Vietnamese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, in Hanoi, Vietnam.
Similar to Long-term effectiveness of Sustainable Land Management practices to control runoff, soil erosion and nutrient loss in Mediterranean rainfed agroecosystems
Crop residue management in rice based cropping systemP.K. Mani
Crop residue has important effects on soil quality in rice-based cropping systems. When crop residues are removed, it leads to decreased soil fertility and lower crop production. Incorporating crop residue into the soil improves various indicators of soil quality, including physical properties like aggregation and porosity, chemical properties like soil organic matter and nutrient levels, and biological properties like microbial population and enzyme activity. Proper crop residue management can help sustain soil quality and fertility in rice fields over the long term.
Dryland agriculture contributes about 60 per cent of the food to the country. The climate change and the rainfall variability affects the crops grown in these lands. The improved agricultural practices will help the farmers to take care of the crops grown and reap higher yields. The sustainability and production factors will be improved with the advanced technologies. The tillage operations, moisture conservation practices, improved varieties, farm machinery, cropping systems will help for the economic stability of the farmers.
The document summarizes a study on using biochar to promote the bioremediation of petroleum contaminated soils. The study conducted a microcosm experiment to test the effects of amending contaminated soil with rice husk biochar, wheat straw biochar, or spent mushroom compost, individually or combined. Results showed shifts in the microbial community over time and between treatments. Total nitrogen, carbon, and pH also changed over time and treatments. Specifically, spent mushroom compost produced the largest difference from the control in microbial community composition. The study provides insights into microbial dynamics and the fate of chemical mixtures when biochar and compost are used for soil remediation.
The Deyland agriculture has to be improved with innovative research and technologies. The soil and water conservation structures need to established for higher productivity. The bore well recharge has to be done to increase the ground water table. Runoff farming need to be adopted to increase the water availability in off season crop cultivation
With the increasing human population, the primary dependence upon the agrarian society to meet the food requirements is at an all-time high. To fulfil these requirements, the dependency of farming community on insecticides and pesticides is no hidden fact. Over the last few decades, the injudicious use of chemical inputs and pesticides has resulted in serious environmental concerns. Moreover, rapid industrialization and other anthropogenic activities such as the unmanaged use of agro-chemicals and dumping of sewage sludge have caused soils and waterways to be severely contaminated with various pollutants like heavy metals, organic pollutants etc. Traditional physical and chemical methods for the clean-up of pollutants are often prohibitively expensive. Perhaps one of the greatest limitations to traditional clean-up methods is the fact that in spite of their high costs, they do not always ensure that contaminants are completely destroyed. As a result, the past two decades have seen a tremendous upsurge in the search for cost-effective and environmentally sound alternatives to traditional methods for dealing with wastes. Of the technologies that have been investigated, bioremediation has emerged as the most desirable approach for cleaning up many environmental pollutants. Bioremediation is an option that offers the possibility to destroy or render harmless various contaminants using natural biological activity.
Edoardo Costantini-Impact of climate change and management of soil characteri...Fundación Ramón Areces
El 17 de abril de 2015 la Fundación Ramón Areces se unió a la celebración del Año Internacional de los Suelos con la jornada 'El suelo como registro ambiental y recursos a conservar'. En ella, se abordó desde una perspectiva multidisciplinar su estado de conservación.
This study examined soil and water retention strategies using conservation agriculture with trees (CAWT) in Kibwezi, Kenya. Minimum and zero tillage increased soil organic carbon and cation exchange capacity compared to conventional tillage. Faidherbia albida, Gliricidia sepium and Tephrosia candida improved soil fertility when used in CAWT. Soil water content was highest under zero tillage and F. albida. The hardpan layer reduced infiltration. Overall, CAWT and water harvesting increased soil organic matter and water retention compared to conventional practices.
This study examined the effect of deficit irrigation on soil properties, physiology, and nutrient assimilation of sweet peppers. Three irrigation treatments were used: T1 (100% crop water requirement), T2 (90% CWR), and T3 (80% CWR). The results showed that higher irrigation amounts (T1) produced lower bulk density and higher porosity compared to the deficit treatments. Dry matter accumulation and harvest index decreased with greater water deficits. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium uptake by the peppers also decreased as the irrigation amounts decreased. While deficit irrigation affected soil physical properties, the effects were not significant. However, available soil moisture had a strong influence on nutrient uptake by the crops.
This study examined the effect of deficit irrigation on soil properties, physiology, and nutrient assimilation of sweet peppers. Three irrigation treatments were used: T1 (100% crop water requirement), T2 (90% CWR), and T3 (80% CWR). The results showed that higher irrigation amounts (T1) produced lower bulk density and higher porosity compared to the deficit treatments. Dry matter accumulation and harvest index decreased with greater water deficits. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium uptake by the peppers also decreased as the irrigation amounts decreased. While deficit irrigation affected soil physical properties, the effects were not significant. However, available soil moisture had a strong influence on nutrient uptake by the crops.
H.E. Thesis Presentation - final -1.1.14.pptxHussen34
This document summarizes a thesis that evaluated the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application rates and cutting height on morphological characteristics, yield, and nutritive value of elephant grass. The study was conducted in Northern Ethiopia and used a randomized complete block design with four nitrogen rates (0, 69, 115, 161 kg/ha) and three cutting heights (7.5, 15, 22.5 cm). Results showed that higher nitrogen rates and cutting heights increased plant growth characteristics like plant height, leaf number, and tillers per plant but decreased tiller weight. Yield and nutritive value varied depending on treatment combination. The study provides information to help optimize nitrogen fertilizer use and cutting management of elephant grass for improved forage production
Conservation Tillage Impacts on Water and Soil Quality Parameters Under Furro...EmmanuelDeleon11
Conservation tillage practices like minimum tillage (MT) and strip-till (ST) were found to reduce sediment loss, nutrient loss, and improve irrigation parameters compared to conventional tillage (CT) in a furrow irrigation system. Specifically, MT and ST reduced total suspended solids by 84-98% and sediment-bound nutrients like total Kjeldahl nitrogen and total phosphorus by 83-87% compared to CT. MT and ST also decreased runoff and improved advance time during irrigation events. The results indicate that conservation tillage can provide water quality benefits for furrow irrigated agriculture by reducing erosion and nutrient losses.
Sakshi Pandey presented on resource conservation technologies and their impact on resource conservation, economics, and productivity in agriculture. Some key points:
1) Indian agriculture consumes about 30% of total electricity and 20% of the world's arable land, yet faces increasing challenges of water scarcity, soil degradation, and stagnating yields.
2) Various resource conservation techniques were discussed, including conservation tillage practices like zero-tillage, reduced tillage, and furrow irrigation to save water, reduce energy use, and improve yields.
3) Precision farming tools like leaf color charts, green seekers, and laser land leveling were also presented as improving nutrient and water use efficiencies.
Soil Health and Environmental Management for Sustainable Agricultural Product...ICARDA
This document discusses soil health and sustainable agricultural systems. It provides background on historical climate changes and the development of agriculture. Population growth and increasing demands on agricultural resources are discussed. Challenges facing agriculture like soil degradation, loss of biodiversity, and water scarcity are summarized. The importance of soil organic carbon, crop residues, and no-till practices for soil quality and resilience are highlighted. Sustainable intensification through practices like integrated nutrient management and use of pulse crops are presented as ways to meet future food demand while protecting soils and the environment.
Peat soil carbon monitoring and management in IndonesiaExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during the 1 Parallel session on Theme 3.1, Managing SOC in: Soils with high SOC – peatlands, permafrost, and black soils, of the Global Symposium on Soil Organic Carbon that took place in Rome 21-23 March 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Fahmuddin Agus, from Indonesian Soil research Institute – Indonesia, in FAO Hq, Rome
Role of conservation agriculture under climate change scenariojinendra birla
This document discusses the role of conservation agriculture in addressing climate change. It begins with background on climate change trends in India, such as increasing temperatures, changes in rainfall patterns, and effects on agriculture. Conservation agriculture is introduced as a way to adapt to and mitigate climate change impacts through practices like zero tillage, crop residue management, and moisture conservation. Specific management techniques under conservation agriculture are then reviewed, including their effects on crop yields, water use efficiency, economics and soil organic carbon. The document concludes that conservation agriculture can both help farmers adapt to climate changes while also reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
The document discusses a project called the Chippewa 10% Project that aims to increase continuous living cover in the Chippewa River Watershed in Minnesota by 10% through practices like perennial crops, cover crops, and rotational grazing. Modeling shows these practices could significantly reduce nutrient runoff and soil erosion compared to conventional corn and soybean farming. Engagement strategies are targeting 100 farmers in the watershed to adopt continuous living cover farming through education and incentives, which could help restore water quality while keeping farming economically viable. Barriers include existing government subsidies that favor corn and soy, and monitoring shows perennials and rotational grazing significantly reduce soil loss during rainstorms compared to conventional tillage systems.
Keynote ~ Soil building through microbial pathways ~ mechanisms for soil carb...Andrew Fynn
The document discusses soil building through microbial processes and the importance of soil organic matter and carbon. It notes that original Australian topsoil carbon levels were 50-80% higher before extensive agricultural practices reduced soil carbon. The document also discusses declining mineral levels in produce since the 1940s and increasing agricultural debt levels in Australia and New Zealand since the 1990s. It argues that soil carbon is key to soil nutrient levels and plant nutrition, and outlines microbial pathways for building soil carbon through photosynthesis, exudation, and humification. The document advocates practices like pasture cropping to improve soil carbon levels and regenerate soil and agricultural productivity.
The document discusses soil health and building soil carbon through microbial processes. It notes that original Australian topsoil carbon levels were 50-80% higher before widespread agriculture. Modern farming practices have led to declines in soil carbon and mineral levels in crops. Maintaining and increasing soil carbon through practices like pasture cropping can help rebuild soil, sequester carbon, and improve crop nutrition and farm profitability. The key is supporting microbial life in the soil to build humus and cycle carbon and nutrients.
Similar to Long-term effectiveness of Sustainable Land Management practices to control runoff, soil erosion and nutrient loss in Mediterranean rainfed agroecosystems (20)
The ICRAF Soil-Plant Spectral Diagnostics Laboratory in Kenya operates 1 spectral reference laboratory and provides technical support to 30 labs in 17 countries. It has helped build capacities for private mobile testing services and is working on developing handheld near-infrared spectrometers. The lab specializes in customized solutions, standard operating procedures, project planning, soil and plant health monitoring, and spectral technology support and training. It aims to improve end-to-end spectral advisory software and develop low-cost handheld devices. Through GLOSOLAN, the lab hopes to standardize dry spectroscopy methods, protocols, and data analysis globally.
The National Soil Testing Center (NSTC) in Ethiopia has 18 soil analysis laboratories in various government ministries. The presenter, Fikre Mekuria, notes that the NSTC's strengths are its analytical service delivery, training, and research on soil microbiology and fertility. Areas for improvement include capacity building, sample exchange/quality control, and accreditation to international standards. The presenter's expectations for the meeting and GLOSOLAN network are to develop competency in soil/plant/water/fertilizer analysis, have periodic country member meetings, and share experiences.
Standard operating procedures (SOPs) are important to have in writing to ensure quality and consistency. Quality assurance (QA) policies aim to prevent errors and ensure standards, while quality control (QC) checks that standards are being met. This poster exercise divides participants into groups to discuss why SOPs are important, what quality assurance entails, whether an organization has a QA policy and how it is implemented, and how quality control is performed.
This document provides an overview of the status of soil laboratories in AFRILAB based on information received from various sources, including ZimLabs, AgLabs, the University of Zimbabwe lab, University of Nottingham, British Geological Survey, Chemistry and Soil Research Institute RS-DFID, WEPAL-ISE, WEPAL-IPE, University of Texas A&M, AgriLASA, BIPEA, CORESTA, University of Texas A&M (who provided testimony of satisfaction), and TUNAC (who provided accreditation). The document thanks the reader for their attention.
Item 9: Soil mapping to support sustainable agricultureExternalEvents
SOIL ATLAS OF ASIA
2ND EDITORIAL BOARD MEETING
RURAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,
JEONJU, REPUBLIC OF KOREA | 29 APRIL – 3 MAY 2019
Markus Anda (Indonesia)
Item 8: WRB, World Reference Base for Soil ResoucesExternalEvents
SOIL ATLAS OF ASIA
2ND EDITORIAL BOARD MEETING
RURAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,
JEONJU, REPUBLIC OF KOREA | 29 APRIL – 3 MAY 2019
Satira Udomsri (Thailand)
- Nepal has been working to systematically classify its soils since 1957, completing surveys of 55 districts by 1983, though some high hill districts remained unsurveyed for a long time.
- In 1998 and 2014, soil maps of Nepal were prepared using the USDA and WRB soil classification systems, respectively. Around 6000 soil profiles were studied from five physiographic regions.
- The data from 158 representative soil profiles were analyzed and converted to fit the HWSD format using formulas from Batjes et al. 2017 to standardize the data into layers from 0-30 cm and 30-100 cm.
- Major soils identified include Calcaric Fluvisols, Eutric Gleysols, Calcaric Ph
Item 6: International Center for Biosaline AgricultureExternalEvents
SOIL ATLAS OF ASIA
2ND EDITORIAL BOARD MEETING
RURAL DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,
JEONJU, REPUBLIC OF KOREA | 29 APRIL – 3 MAY 2019
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
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BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
Long-term effectiveness of Sustainable Land Management practices to control runoff, soil erosion and nutrient loss in Mediterranean rainfed agroecosystems
2. Long-term effectiveness of Sustainable Land
Management practices to control runoff, soil erosion
and nutrient loss in Mediterranean rainfed
agroecosystems
Martínez-Mena, M1., Carrillo-López, E1., Boix-Fayos, C1., Almagro, M2.,
García Franco, N3., Díaz Pereira, E1., Castillo, V1., de Vente, J1
1Soil erosion and conservation research Group CEBAS-CSIC
2Basque Centre for Climate Research BC3
3Technical University of Munich
2
3. • Soil erosion is recognized as a major threat to soil
functions in the Mediterranean region
• Soil erosion results in the loss of soil nutrients and
organic matter decreasing the productivity of soil and its
capacity to sustain life: that is particularly worrying for
rainfed crops
• Things can get worse
3
Scarce and torrential rainfall
Rugged relief
Shallow and poor soils
Long lasting human
interventions
Eekhout et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5935-2018
Introduction: The problem
4. 4
• Sustainable land use and management (SLM)
has the potential to reduce soil, organic carbon
and nutrient losses by erosion but…
• Response depend on local socio-environmental
conditions
• Poorly adopted
• Competition of spontaneous plant for water and
nutrient
• Not immediate positive effects on yield
• Lack of (socio-economic)incentives
Objectives:
• How effective are SLM in reducing runoff soil
erosion and associated losses in two Mediterranean
rain fed crops
• Is the efficiency depending on rainfall
characteristics?
Introduction: The solutions ?
5. • Duplicate the slide as needed
5
MethodsStudy areas
2009: Sustainable management practices implementation
Six years (2010-2015): Erosion monitorization and OC and
nutrients mobilization.
6. Reduced tillage (RT)
chisel ploughing (2 times yr-1)
15 cm depth
Implemented management practices in almond
Conventional tillage (CT)
chisel ploughing (4-5 times yr-1)
20 cm depth
Reduced tillage+green manure (RTG)
chisel ploughing (2 times yr-1) at 20 cm depth
Avena sativa & Vicia sativa 1:3 at 150 kg ha-1
Reduced tillage (RT)
chisel ploughing (2 times yr-1)
20 cm depth
7. Implemented management practices in Cereal
Conventional mouldboard
tillage after harvest 40 cm
3 times (chisel plough )
during fallow (20 cm)
Reduced contour
tillage
Labours/year : 2
Depth: 20 cm
8. Almond
orchard
Cereal
Lithology Limestones Marls
Clay (%) 17.76±3.7 30.65±3.9
Silt (%) 48.9±11.5 59.6±2.8
Sand (%) 33.2±14.8 9.6±5.9
OC (g/kg) 20.1 7.4
T N (g/Kg) 2.12 0.7
Polsen (ppm) 47 6.1
K (ppm) 815,18 126
CaCO3 (%) 44±9.2 56±10.1
pH 8.8±0.14 9.14±0.17
CE (S/cm) 90.8±14.7 73.3±5.9
Study areas: general characteristics
9. Experimental design: Open Erosion plots
Study period (2010-2015)
Slope: 10-15%
Three replicates per treatment: 15 plots (9 almond;6 cereal).
Drainage are: 25-126 m2 (almond) ; 44-265 m2 (cereal)
14. Results: effect of soil quality.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
EROC ERN ERP
CT RT
Almond Orchard
OC (%) NT (%) P (ppm)
CT
1,94±0.13b 0.14±0.02b 40,19±4.58a
RT
2.38±0.10a 0.19±0.02a 53,20±6.76a
RTG
2.56±0.14a 0.23±0.01a 30,64±2.32a
OC (%) NT (%) P (ppm)
CT 0.59±0.03b 0.07±0.02a 3.46±0.16b
RT 0,85±0.04a 0.08±0.007a 5.0±0.31a
Cereal
Soil OC and nutrients
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
EROC ERN ERP
CT RT RTG
b
b
a
Enrichment ratios
15. 15
Results: Effectiveness and rainfall characteristics.
Season
Spring Summer Autumn Winter Total
Numberofeventsineacherosivityclass(%)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Class I
Class II
Class III
Effectiveness of RTG
Effectiveness of reduced tillage
Almond crops
Cereals
Almond crops
Runoff
Erosion
16. The SLM practices evaluated resulted in reduced runoff, erosion, and
mobilization of organic carbon and nutrients in sediments and subsequently
increased organic carbon (OC) and nutrients (N and P) contents in the soil.
Main remarks
Our results support the key role of SLM practices under semiarid conditions as
useful tools for climate change mitigation and adaptation, given the expected
increase in high-intensity rainfall events in semiarid areas
Highest (soil erosion and nutrient exportation) during the most intense rainfall
events, which are responsible for the highest erosion rates in Mediterranean
areas.
Short-term effect (18 months) of the evaluated SLM practices on erosion
control, making their implementation especially attractive for farmers.
• How effective are SLM in reducing runoff soil erosion and associated
losses in two Mediterranean rain fed crops
• Is the efficiency depending on rainfall characteristics?
17. Thank you for listening
http://www.soilwaterconservation.es/
This study site has been funded by several national (CYCIT AGL201125069//CGL2014-55-405-R), Regional projects
(Séneca Foundation: 08757/PI/08//19350/PI/14] and European projects (F6 DG RTD 037046 and DIVERFARMING
H2020 RUR-06-2016 728003).
UNCCD provided a grant for Victor M. Castillo to attend the Global Symposium on Soil Erosion
Editor's Notes
Scenarios of climate change predict for Segura basin in SE Spain decreasing annual average precipitation while increasing of heavy rainfall events
Almond crops is expanding because of subsidies but also increase value at market and development of late varieties. It is typically cultivated in tree rows spaced with bare soil between them.
Cereals is quite residual crop but still occupying significant area. Rotational system with long period of fallow
La cubierta verde se siembra en otoño y se siega en mayo/junio dependiendo de las precipitaciones y se incorpora al suelo: vicia sativa and barleyThe tested SLM practices were selected as result of a participatory exercise with relevant stakeholders
Muy brevemente las prácticas aplicadas consisten en:
Cereales sometidos a un sistema de rotación de barbecho (siembra en otoño y cosecha en junio) seguido por un periodo de descanso de un año donde los residuos de la cosecha se dejan en el campo a lo largo del otoño y el invierno. Laboreo en paralelo a las líneas de contorno.
El cereal: laboreo reducido (consistente en 2 labores al año a 20 cm depth) frente al laboreo tradicional con labores 4/5 veces al año y una vez vertedera con volteo del suelo en los primeros 40 cm.
The wheat field under CT was plowed with a moldboard plow to 40 cm depth following harvest in June, leaving the land fallow for one year. During the fallow period, the land was plowed three more times with a chisel plow before the seeding in the next autumn. Under RT, the wheat field was not plowed after harvest, leaving the stubble during the fallow year, until the next autumn, when the land was prepared for seeding with a chisel plow (0.20 m).
Ambas zonas tienen características litológicas contrastadas, texturas franco limosas pero con diferencias en los contenidos de arcilla y arena. Bajos contenidos de materia orgánica y alto contenido de carbonatos…
Aquí presentamos el diseño de las parcelas que se utilizan para cuantificar tasas de erosión y movilización de nutrientes por dicho proceso. Son parcelas abiertas de tipo caja gerlach donde se recoge el material más grueso las cuales están conectadas a un depósito que a su vez se conecta con un segundo.
La recogida de sedimento se realiza tras cada evento. La superficie de drenaje de las distintas parcelas oscila entre 82-54-27 en los almendros y 140 m2 en el cereal.
Variabilidad interanual
Descenso de P gradual del 2010 al 2014 y reducción en un 35% respecto de un periodo de 30 años (1940-2007).
Lluvias que generan escorrentía y erosión fluctuando entre un 39 y un 85% de la precipitación total anual (ligado con la intensidad). Años más secos producen menos eventos erosivos pero más fuertes
Total de 33 eventos en 6 años. Años más secos (2013 y 2014) tuvieron mayores intensidades y precipitaciones.
42% de los eventos que generaron erosion pertenecen a la clase 1 de erosividad; mientras que el 29% pertenecen a las clases 2 y 3.
Umbrales bajos de precipitación e intensidad generadores de erosión en las dos zonas de estudio y prácticamente todos los eventos que generan escorrentía movilizan sedimento (100% en cereal y entre 66 y 88% en el almendro)
Effect of reducing the number tillage operations on runoff was observed for both crops. But impact was greater in almond than in cereal ( not significant for this crop, maybe because of large (intrinsic) variability of runoff response along the measured events )
Impacts of SLM practices were greater on soil erosion. Cereal showed highest avaerage soil los rates due to managemnet practices ( long fallow period: bare , unprotected soil)
In terms of total soil losses a positive effect of implementing SLM can be observed in both crops. This positive effect was observed at soon as 1 and half year after the implementation of the practices and the effects are increasing as time goes by. By the end of the period of study, conventional tillage erodes four fold soil than reduced tillage in cereal and 2 and half ties the soil eroded by reduced tillage in almonds
We also observe that four events are responsible for mobilization of around 55-70% de total eroded soil.
Six years after its implementation, RT had increased the SOC, relative to that in CT, in both crops. However, increments in the soil N content due to RT were only observed in the almond field, while the soil P concentration was increased in RT, compared to CT, only in the wheat field (Table 1).
En cuanto al OC movilizado es interesante recalcar que a pesar de que las prácticas sostenibles revirtieron tambien en una mejora de OC y nutrientes en el suelo estos no se vieron reflejados enel sedimento como podemos ver por las razones de enriquecimiento….Así, concentraciones de OC mayores en el suelo conllevan menores enriquecimientos. Esto es así claramente para el almendro, mientras en el cereal simplemente no existen diferencias entre tratamientos…
Even at seemingly low rates, eroded sediments are rich in OM and nutrients (Marques et al., 2008). The loss is, therefore, qualitatively important and may have a considerable impact on almond
sustainability (Quiquerez et al., 2008).
This selective transport by erosion is highlighted by our estimates of the enrichment ratios of nutrients in the sediments.
These findings are similar to those of other authors and may be attributed to the greater amount of clay occurring in the sediment than in the soil where the nutrients originated (Xingchang et al., 2004). They are more easily transported by erosion, especially by interrill erosion (Schiettecatte et al., 2008), which is the erosion type that the system of plots used in this study is capable of measuring.
The events were classified in three classes according to their RE values (KE*I30): Class I: RE≤ 25, Class II: 25< RE ≤ 90, and Class III: RE >90, representing low, medium, and high erosive events, respectively, according to the rainfall characteristics of this area (Martinez-Mena et al., 2001).
In the wheat field the greatest reduction in runoff (50%) was found for the least erosive rainfall events (class I), while the reduction in erosion was not dependent on the rainfall erosivity. By contrast, in the almond field the greatest reduction in runoff and erosion was found for the most erosive events (classes II and III) (Figure 6).
The correlations between erosion and rainfall erosivity were stronger in conventional tillage than in reduced tillage. For RTG in the almond field there was no significant correlation between the rainfall intensity and erosion rates
With the RTG management, where the average reduction in erosion for the less erosive events (class I) was about 40%, the reduction in class III was almost double (70%)