IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
When a ductile material with a crack is loaded in
tension, the deformation energy builds up around the crack tip
and it is understood that at a certain critical condition voids are
formed ahead of the crack tip. The crack extension occurs by
coalescence of voids with the crack tip. The “characteristic
distance” (Lc) defined as the distance b/w the crack tip & the void
responsible for eventual coalescence with the crack tip. Nucleation
of these voids is generally associated with the presence of second
phase particles or grain boundaries in the vicinity of the crack tip.
Although approximate, Lc assumes a special significance since it
links the fracture toughness to the microscopic mechanism
considered responsible for ductile fracture. The knowledge of the
“characteristic distance” is also crucial for designing the size of
mesh in the finite element simulations of material crack growth
using damage mechanics principles. There is not much work
(experimental as well as numerical) available in the literature
related to the dependency of “characteristic distance” on the
fracture specimen geometry. The present research work is an
attempt to understand numerically, the geometry dependency of
“characteristic distance” using three-dimensional FEM analysis.
The variation of “characteristic distance” parameter due to the
change of temperature across the fracture specimen thickness was
also studied. The work also studied the variation of “characteristic
distance”, due to the change in fracture specimen thickness.
Finally, the ASTM requirement of fracture specimen thickness
criteria is evaluated for the “characteristic distance” fracture
parameter. “Characteristic distance” is found to vary across the
fracture specimen thickness. It is dependent on fracture specimen
thickness and it converges after a specified thickness of fracture
specimen. “Characteristic distance” value is also dependent on the
temperature of ductile material. In Armco iron material, it is
found to decrease with the increase in temperature.
We study the link between the indentation size effect and the density of geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) through the following
approach: four indents of different depth and hardness were placed in a Cu single crystal using a conical indenter with a spherical tip. The
deformation-induced lattice rotations below the indents were monitored via a three-dimensional electron backscattering diffraction method
with a step size of 50 nm. From these data we calculated the first-order gradients of strain and the GND densities below the indents. This
approach allowed us to quantify both the mechanical parameters (depth, hardness) and the lattice defects (GNDs) that are believed to be
responsible for the indentation size effect.Wefind that theGNDdensity does not increase with decreasing indentation depth but rather drops
instead.
Dr. Arje Nachman presents an overview of his program, Electromagnetics, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Interrelation of Friction-Wear and Mechanism of Energy Dissipation for MEMS A...ijceronline
Adhesion is a predominating force in Micro electro mechanical System (MEMS) due to high surface to volume ratio. In the present study of MEMS surfaces contact, adhesional friction force and adhesive wear volume have been computed numerically and new interrelation in between the wear and friction is developed after, finding their ratio. Also, mechanism of energy dissipation has been summarized on the basis of Arrhenius theory of mechanochemical reaction under working condition of MEMS devices.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
When a ductile material with a crack is loaded in
tension, the deformation energy builds up around the crack tip
and it is understood that at a certain critical condition voids are
formed ahead of the crack tip. The crack extension occurs by
coalescence of voids with the crack tip. The “characteristic
distance” (Lc) defined as the distance b/w the crack tip & the void
responsible for eventual coalescence with the crack tip. Nucleation
of these voids is generally associated with the presence of second
phase particles or grain boundaries in the vicinity of the crack tip.
Although approximate, Lc assumes a special significance since it
links the fracture toughness to the microscopic mechanism
considered responsible for ductile fracture. The knowledge of the
“characteristic distance” is also crucial for designing the size of
mesh in the finite element simulations of material crack growth
using damage mechanics principles. There is not much work
(experimental as well as numerical) available in the literature
related to the dependency of “characteristic distance” on the
fracture specimen geometry. The present research work is an
attempt to understand numerically, the geometry dependency of
“characteristic distance” using three-dimensional FEM analysis.
The variation of “characteristic distance” parameter due to the
change of temperature across the fracture specimen thickness was
also studied. The work also studied the variation of “characteristic
distance”, due to the change in fracture specimen thickness.
Finally, the ASTM requirement of fracture specimen thickness
criteria is evaluated for the “characteristic distance” fracture
parameter. “Characteristic distance” is found to vary across the
fracture specimen thickness. It is dependent on fracture specimen
thickness and it converges after a specified thickness of fracture
specimen. “Characteristic distance” value is also dependent on the
temperature of ductile material. In Armco iron material, it is
found to decrease with the increase in temperature.
We study the link between the indentation size effect and the density of geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) through the following
approach: four indents of different depth and hardness were placed in a Cu single crystal using a conical indenter with a spherical tip. The
deformation-induced lattice rotations below the indents were monitored via a three-dimensional electron backscattering diffraction method
with a step size of 50 nm. From these data we calculated the first-order gradients of strain and the GND densities below the indents. This
approach allowed us to quantify both the mechanical parameters (depth, hardness) and the lattice defects (GNDs) that are believed to be
responsible for the indentation size effect.Wefind that theGNDdensity does not increase with decreasing indentation depth but rather drops
instead.
Dr. Arje Nachman presents an overview of his program, Electromagnetics, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Interrelation of Friction-Wear and Mechanism of Energy Dissipation for MEMS A...ijceronline
Adhesion is a predominating force in Micro electro mechanical System (MEMS) due to high surface to volume ratio. In the present study of MEMS surfaces contact, adhesional friction force and adhesive wear volume have been computed numerically and new interrelation in between the wear and friction is developed after, finding their ratio. Also, mechanism of energy dissipation has been summarized on the basis of Arrhenius theory of mechanochemical reaction under working condition of MEMS devices.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
3. EXAMPLES OF MLE | KOLMOGOROV’S
LAW OF FRAGMENTATION
Kolmogorov’s law of fragmentation states that the size of an
individual particle in a large collection of particles resulting from
the fragmentation of a mineral compound will have an
approximate lognormal distribution.
A random variable X is said to have a lognormal distribution if
log(X) has a normal distribution.
The law was first noted empirically and then later given a
theoretical basis by Kolmogorov and has been applied to a variety
of engineering studies.
For instance, it has been used in the analysis of the size of
randomly chosen gold particles from a collection of gold sand.
Another application of the law has been to a study of the stress
release in earthquake fault zones
6. CONFIDENCE INTERVALS
The point estimates say nothing about how close our estimated parameter are to the
actual value of the parameter.
Even when we can calculate the variance of the estimator, if we don’t know how its
distributed its generally impossible to say with confidence that we are close to the
actual value of the parameter.
So, it maybe more useful to give an interval where we can say with certain
confidence that the value of the unknown parameter lies.
Such an interval is called a confidence interval.
The length of the interval conveys the precision of estimation.
A short interval implies precise information.
12. CONFIDENCE INTERVAL ON THE
MEAN OF NORMAL, VARIANCE
UNKNOWN |EXAMPLE
An article in the journal Materials
Engineering (1989, Vol. II, No. 4, pp.
275– 281) describes the results of tensile
adhesion tests on 22 U-700 alloy
specimens. The load at specimen failure
is as follows (in megapascals):
