The literature in the books which gives us important information about the past is called literary source. The Vedas, Upanishads, Smritis, Ramayana, Mahabharata and the Sangam literature throw light on the political, social, economic and religious conditions of early India.
This Presentation has everything in brief about India's Past, Present and future. It's awesome for those who find interest in knowing about their country.
The literature in the books which gives us important information about the past is called literary source. The Vedas, Upanishads, Smritis, Ramayana, Mahabharata and the Sangam literature throw light on the political, social, economic and religious conditions of early India.
This Presentation has everything in brief about India's Past, Present and future. It's awesome for those who find interest in knowing about their country.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
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The Internet of Things (IoT) is a revolutionary concept that connects everyday objects and devices to the internet, enabling them to communicate, collect, and exchange data. Imagine a world where your refrigerator notifies you when you’re running low on groceries, or streetlights adjust their brightness based on traffic patterns – that’s the power of IoT. In essence, IoT transforms ordinary objects into smart, interconnected devices, creating a network of endless possibilities.
Here is a blog on the role of electrical and electronics engineers in IOT. Let's dig in!!!!
For more such content visit: https://nttftrg.com/
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
2. Mahajanapadas
• Buddhist and Jaina texts mention 16
powerful states (mahajanapadas)
during 6th century BCE
• The common thread connecting this
period archaeologically is the ceramic
type ‘Northern Black Polished Ware’
and Punch Marked Coins
• Two kinds of states:
• Rajyas (monarchies)
• Ganas and Sanghas (non-
monarchy)
• Ganas and Sanghas were
oligarchies, a council of group of
people
• Most powerful states: Magadha,
Kosala, Vatsa, Avanti
3. Mahajanapadas
• Buddhist and Jaina texts mention 16
powerful states (mahajanapadas)
during 6th century BCE
• The common thread connecting this
period archaeologically is the ceramic
type ‘Northern Black Polished Ware’
and Punch Marked Coins
• Two kinds of states:
• Rajyas (monarchies)
• Ganas and Sanghas (non-
monarchy)
• Ganas and Sanghas were
oligarchies, a council of group of
people
• Most powerful states: Magadha,
Kosala, Vatsa, Avanti
9. Nature of feudalism in ancient India
• Diverse views against R.S. Sharma:
• Questions the closed economy, decline or absence of
coinage proposed by R.S. Sharma
• Scholars like D.C. Sircar, B.D. Chattopadhyaya, B.N.
Mukherjee, raised objections as they emphasized on the
continuing monetary economy
• Cites examples of circulation of debased coins to meet the
trade activities, due to dwindling silver resources
• Thriving conditions of foreign and inter-regional trade
during the early medieval India
10. Nature of feudalism in ancient India
• Champakalakshmi (1987):
• Examined feudalism in connection with formation of the
state and role of kingship in peninsular India
• Generally, emergence of feudalism is attributed due to
declining economic conditions, paucity in coinage and
decline in disruption / decline in international trade
• In case of south India, contrasting situations as the
maritime trade continued and hence economy was different
• Emergence of trade guilds in south India cited as an
evidence, long distance trade with south east Asia, in
particular, with Kambujas, Shailendras and Thai region
• The monumental architecture during the Pallavas and
Cholas is also indicated as a negative evidence for the
emergence of feudalism
• The feudal system in south India is unnoticed until the rise
of the Vijayanagara dynasty
11. Nature of feudalism in ancient India
• As per B. Chattopadhyay (2012), feudal polity:
• ‘…emerged from the gradual breakdown of a centralized
bureaucratic state system, empirically represented by the
Mauryan state…’
• The diverse nature of regional powers of later periods
corresponds to the disintegration of bureaucratic units
• Feudal polity, characterised by a three-tier or two-tier
administrative system can be traced as early as the
Kushana and Satavahana periods in India
• However, it consolidated around 5th century CE during the
post-Gupta period
• The evidence of monetary system during the Mauryan
period and from Arthasastra may indicate the
remunerations paid in cash and not land grants
• The shift towards introducing the land grants along with
rights of administration, corroded the authority of the state
and the emerging situation is described as ‘parcellation’ of
the sovereignty
12. Nature of feudalism in ancient India
• Harbans Mukhia (1979):
• Questions the application of European models on the
Indian scenario
• Denied the subjugation of peasants in early medieval India
and cites examples of production based on economically
free peasants
• Criticised the attribution of feudalism due to state action
• High quantity of surplus existed in the form of land revenue
and cesses to the State; which formed the main instrument
of exploitation-due to high fertility of land and low
subsistence level of the peasants
• Equilibrium existed so that the state appropriated the
peasant’s surplus compensated by relative stability
• The redistribution networks enabled the resolving of social
conflicts
• Proposes a separate Asian model based on the available
evidences and against the imposition of European models
13. Further Readings
1. Champakalakshmi, R. 1987. Urbanisation in South India: The Role of Ideology and Polity. Social Scientist, Aug.
- Sep., 1987, Vol. 15, No. 8/9 (Aug. - Sep., 1987), pp. 67-117. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3520287
2. Chattopadhyaya, B.D. Introduction: The Making of Early Medieval India. In The Making of Early Medieval India,
Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1994, pp. 1–37.
3. Harbans Mukhia. 1979. Was there Feudalism in Indian History? Proceedings of the Indian History Congress ,
1979, Vol. 40 (1979), pp. 229-280. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44141966
4. Kosambi, D.D. 1955. On the Development of Feudalism in India. Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research
Institute, July - October 1955, Vol. 36, No. 3/4 (July - October 1955), pp. 258-269.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/44082960
5. Sharma, R.S. 1958. The Origins of Feudalism in India (c. A.D. 400-650). Journal of the Economic and Social
History of the Orient , Oct., 1958, Vol. 1, No. 3 (Oct., 1958), pp. 297-328. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3596372
