Probability and Stochastic Processes A Friendly Introduction for Electrical a...KionaHood
Full download : https://alibabadownload.com/product/probability-and-stochastic-processes-a-friendly-introduction-for-electrical-and-computer-engineers-3rd-edition-yates-solutions-manual/ Probability and Stochastic Processes A Friendly Introduction for Electrical and Computer Engineers 3rd Edition Yates Solutions Manual , Probability and Stochastic Processes A Friendly Introduction for Electrical and Computer Engineers,Yates,3rd Edition,Solutions Manual
This document describes designing and implementing EX-OR and EX-NOR gates using Python. It defines EX-OR and EX-NOR gates, provides their truth tables and symbols. It also presents Python programs to simulate EX-OR and EX-NOR gates. The document concludes that the output of the EX-OR gate is inverted in the EX-NOR gate.
This document provides definitions and formulas for key concepts in descriptive statistics, probability, and common probability distributions including:
- Descriptive statistics such as mean, median, mode, variance, and standard deviation.
- Probability concepts such as probability, events, unions/intersections of events, and basic counting rules.
- Common probability distributions like the binomial, uniform, and normal distributions along with their expected values, variances, and probabilities. Formulas for transformations are also included.
The document is intended as a reference sheet for statistics concepts and calculations in a concise format.
Karnaugh maps are a graphical method used to minimize logic functions. They arrange the minterms of a function in a grid based on the number of variables. Groupings of adjacent 1s in the map correspond to simplified logic terms. The largest possible groupings are used to find a minimum logic expression for the function. Don't cares can also be grouped and treated as 0s or 1s to further simplify expressions.
The document discusses sign charts and how to determine the signs of outputs for polynomials and rational expressions. It provides examples of factoring polynomials to determine if the output is positive or negative for given values of x. The key steps to create a sign chart are: 1) solve for f=0 and any undefined values, 2) mark these values on a number line, 3) sample points in each segment to determine the sign in that region. Sign charts indicate the regions where a function is positive, negative or zero.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Introduction to probability solutions manualKibria Prangon
This summary provides the key information from the document in 3 sentences:
The document summarizes solutions to exercises from the textbook "Introduction to Probability" by Charles M. Grinstead and J. Laurie Snell. The exercises cover topics like coin flips, probability distributions, combinations, and other probability concepts. The solutions involve calculations, proofs, and explanations of probability scenarios to demonstrate understanding of the course material.
Boolean algebra is an algebra of logic developed by George Boole to analyze reasoning. It uses two values (true/false, 1/0) to represent logical statements and defines operations on these values. Boolean algebra is used in digital circuit design and computer logic, where circuits perform operations like AND, OR, and NOT. Logic gates are the basic building blocks and include AND, OR, and NOT gates. Circuits are constructed from gates to perform operations and represent algorithms. Boolean expressions can be written in sum of products or product of sum form and simplified into canonical forms.
Probability and Stochastic Processes A Friendly Introduction for Electrical a...KionaHood
Full download : https://alibabadownload.com/product/probability-and-stochastic-processes-a-friendly-introduction-for-electrical-and-computer-engineers-3rd-edition-yates-solutions-manual/ Probability and Stochastic Processes A Friendly Introduction for Electrical and Computer Engineers 3rd Edition Yates Solutions Manual , Probability and Stochastic Processes A Friendly Introduction for Electrical and Computer Engineers,Yates,3rd Edition,Solutions Manual
This document describes designing and implementing EX-OR and EX-NOR gates using Python. It defines EX-OR and EX-NOR gates, provides their truth tables and symbols. It also presents Python programs to simulate EX-OR and EX-NOR gates. The document concludes that the output of the EX-OR gate is inverted in the EX-NOR gate.
This document provides definitions and formulas for key concepts in descriptive statistics, probability, and common probability distributions including:
- Descriptive statistics such as mean, median, mode, variance, and standard deviation.
- Probability concepts such as probability, events, unions/intersections of events, and basic counting rules.
- Common probability distributions like the binomial, uniform, and normal distributions along with their expected values, variances, and probabilities. Formulas for transformations are also included.
The document is intended as a reference sheet for statistics concepts and calculations in a concise format.
Karnaugh maps are a graphical method used to minimize logic functions. They arrange the minterms of a function in a grid based on the number of variables. Groupings of adjacent 1s in the map correspond to simplified logic terms. The largest possible groupings are used to find a minimum logic expression for the function. Don't cares can also be grouped and treated as 0s or 1s to further simplify expressions.
The document discusses sign charts and how to determine the signs of outputs for polynomials and rational expressions. It provides examples of factoring polynomials to determine if the output is positive or negative for given values of x. The key steps to create a sign chart are: 1) solve for f=0 and any undefined values, 2) mark these values on a number line, 3) sample points in each segment to determine the sign in that region. Sign charts indicate the regions where a function is positive, negative or zero.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Introduction to probability solutions manualKibria Prangon
This summary provides the key information from the document in 3 sentences:
The document summarizes solutions to exercises from the textbook "Introduction to Probability" by Charles M. Grinstead and J. Laurie Snell. The exercises cover topics like coin flips, probability distributions, combinations, and other probability concepts. The solutions involve calculations, proofs, and explanations of probability scenarios to demonstrate understanding of the course material.
Boolean algebra is an algebra of logic developed by George Boole to analyze reasoning. It uses two values (true/false, 1/0) to represent logical statements and defines operations on these values. Boolean algebra is used in digital circuit design and computer logic, where circuits perform operations like AND, OR, and NOT. Logic gates are the basic building blocks and include AND, OR, and NOT gates. Circuits are constructed from gates to perform operations and represent algorithms. Boolean expressions can be written in sum of products or product of sum form and simplified into canonical forms.
The document discusses Boolean function minimization using Karnaugh maps. It begins by introducing Karnaugh maps and how they are used to simplify Boolean functions into logic circuits with the fewest gates and inputs. Different sized Karnaugh maps are demonstrated, including two-variable, three-variable, and four-variable maps. Techniques for simplifying functions based on the number of adjacent squares in the map are described. Several examples of using Karnaugh maps to minimize Boolean functions are provided.
The document discusses combinational logic circuits including:
1) Combinational logic circuits take inputs and provide outputs depending on the input combinations without any internal stored memory. The document discusses finding the number of inputs/outputs, writing truth tables, minimizing functions, and implementing circuits using logic gates.
2) Common combinational logic circuits are discussed including half adders, full adders, subtractors, comparators, and code converters. Truth tables and minimized logic expressions are provided for these circuits.
3) Implementation of combinational logic circuits using logic gates like AND, OR, NAND, NOR is explained. Examples of half adder, full adder, and code converter logic diagrams are also given.
The document discusses a blog that provides free solutions manuals and solved exercises for many university textbooks. It states that the solutions manuals contain clear explanations of all the exercises from the textbooks. It invites the reader to visit the blog to download the solutions manuals for free.
Bayesian Inference and Uncertainty Quantification for Inverse ProblemsMatt Moores
So-called “inverse” problems arise when the parameters of a physical system cannot be directly observed. The mapping between these latent parameters and the space of noisy observations is represented as a mathematical model, often involving a system of differential equations. We seek to infer the parameter values that best fit our observed data. However, it is also vital to obtain accurate quantification of the uncertainty involved with these parameters, particularly when the output of the model will be used for forecasting. Bayesian inference provides well-calibrated uncertainty estimates, represented by the posterior distribution over the parameters. In this talk, I will give a brief introduction to Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms for sampling from the posterior distribution and describe how they can be combined with numerical solvers for the forward model. We apply these methods to two examples of ODE models: growth curves in ecology, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in chemistry. This is joint work with Matthew Berry, Mark Nelson, Brian Monaghan and Raymond Longbottom.
Boolean algebra is a system of logical operations developed by George Boole in the 19th century. It represents logical statements as expressions of binary variables, where true is represented by 1 and false by 0. The fundamental logical operations are AND, OR, and NOT. Boolean algebra finds application in digital circuits, where it is used to perform logical operations using electrical switches representing 1s and 0s. Boolean functions can be expressed in canonical forms such as Sum of Products (SOP) or Product of Sum (POS) and simplified using algebraic rules or Karnaugh maps to minimize the number of logic gates required.
Lecture Notes: EEEE6490345 RF and Microwave Electronics - Noise In Two-Port ...AIMST University
The document discusses noise in two-port networks. It defines noise figure as the ratio of signal-to-noise ratio at the input to the output. Noise figure depends on the noise added by the two-port network and any internal noise. The noise figure of multiple cascaded stages is calculated by adding the noise figure of each stage while accounting for the gain of previous stages. Noise circles are plotted on the Smith chart to visualize the noise figure as a function of source impedance matching. Examples calculate the noise figure of amplifier cascades and radio frequency receivers.
Basic algebra, trig and calculus needed for physics.
**More good stuff available at:
www.wsautter.com
and
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wnsautter&aq=f
This document provides an overview of asymptotic notation used to analyze algorithms. It defines common asymptotic classifications like Big O, Big Omega, and Theta notation. Examples are given to demonstrate how to determine the asymptotic complexity of functions and algorithms using these notations. Key concepts like monotonicity, floors/ceilings, and modular arithmetic are also summarized.
5.13.3 Geometric Probability and Changing Dimensionssmiller5
Students will
* Calculate geometric probabilities
* Use geometric probability to predict results in real-world situations
* Predict the effects of changing dimensions on the perimeter/circumference and area of a figure.
The Karnaugh map method provides a graphical way to simplify logic equations or convert truth tables into logic circuits. It arranges variables in a grid so that adjacent squares differ in only one variable. Loops of adjacent 1s can then be identified to eliminate variables from the logic expression. Larger loops eliminate more variables - pairs eliminate one variable, quads eliminate two variables, and octets eliminate three variables. The method is demonstrated through examples of constructing Karnaugh maps from truth tables and simplifying the resulting logic expressions through looping.
Boolean algebra is an algebra of logic developed by George Boole between 1815-1864 to represent logical statements as an algebra of true and false. It is used to perform logical operations in digital computers by representing true as 1 and false as 0. The fundamental logical operators are AND, OR, and NOT. Boolean algebra expressions can be represented in sum of products (SOP) form or product of sums (POS) form and minimized using algebraic rules or Karnaugh maps. Minterms and maxterms are used to derive Boolean functions from truth tables in canonical SOP or POS form.
CBSE XII MATHS SAMPLE PAPER BY KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA Gautham Rajesh
The document provides the blueprint for the Class XII maths exam, including the breakdown of questions by chapter and type (1 mark, 4 marks, 6 marks). It includes 13 chapters, with a total of 10 one-mark questions, 12 four-mark questions, and 7 six-mark questions. The document also provides a sample question paper following the same format, with Section A having 10 one-mark questions, Section B having 12 four-mark questions, and Section C having 7 six-mark questions. The question paper covers various topics like relations and functions, matrices, differentiation, integrals, differential equations, and probability.
This document provides formulas and code snippets for calculating distances, bearings, and other values between latitude/longitude points. It discusses the haversine formula for calculating great-circle distance, as well as the spherical law of cosines. It also provides formulas and examples for calculating initial and final bearings, midpoints, and intermediate points along a great-circle path between two points.
This document provides formulas and code snippets for calculating distances, bearings, and other values between latitude/longitude points. It discusses the haversine formula for calculating great-circle distance, as well as the spherical law of cosines. It also provides formulas and examples for calculating initial and final bearings, midpoints, and intermediate points along a great-circle path between two points.
This document provides publishing information for the third edition of the textbook "Applied Statistics and Probability for Engineers" including the authors, editors, production staff, publisher, and copyright details. It indicates that the book was set in Times Roman font and printed by Donnelley/Willard on acid-free paper. The copyright is held by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. in 2003.
The document discusses digital electronics and Boolean algebra. It introduces basic logic operations such as AND, OR, and NOT. It then discusses additional logic operations like NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR. Truth tables are presented as a way to describe the functional behavior of Boolean expressions and logic circuits. Boolean expressions are composed of literals and logic operations. Boolean algebra laws and theorems can be used to simplify Boolean expressions, which allows for simpler circuit implementation.
The document provides information about Unit 2 of a course which includes:
- Boolean algebra rules and laws such as commutative, associative, distributive for AND, OR and inversion. De Morgan's theorem.
- Simplifying logic equations using Boolean algebra rules and Karnaugh maps up to 4 bits.
- Converting between binary and gray codes.
- Minimizing logic expressions using Karnaugh maps.
George Boole developed Boolean algebra between 1815-1864 as an algebra of logic to represent logical statements as algebraic expressions. Boolean algebra uses two values, True and False (represented by 1 and 0 respectively) and logical operators like AND, OR, and NOT to represent logical statements and perform operations on them. Boolean algebra finds application in digital circuits where it is used to perform logical operations. Canonical forms and Karnaugh maps are techniques used to simplify Boolean expressions into their minimal forms.
This document provides an overview of digital electronics and Boolean algebra topics, including:
- Boolean algebra deals with binary variables and logical operations. It originated from George Boole's 1854 book.
- Logic gates are basic building blocks of digital systems. Common logic gates include AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR gates.
- Boolean laws like commutative, associative, distributive, De Morgan's theorems are used to simplify logic expressions.
- Karnaugh maps are used to minimize logic expressions into sum of products or product of sums form. Don't care conditions allow for further simplification.
- Universal gates like NAND and NOR can be used to construct all other logic gates
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
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The document discusses Boolean function minimization using Karnaugh maps. It begins by introducing Karnaugh maps and how they are used to simplify Boolean functions into logic circuits with the fewest gates and inputs. Different sized Karnaugh maps are demonstrated, including two-variable, three-variable, and four-variable maps. Techniques for simplifying functions based on the number of adjacent squares in the map are described. Several examples of using Karnaugh maps to minimize Boolean functions are provided.
The document discusses combinational logic circuits including:
1) Combinational logic circuits take inputs and provide outputs depending on the input combinations without any internal stored memory. The document discusses finding the number of inputs/outputs, writing truth tables, minimizing functions, and implementing circuits using logic gates.
2) Common combinational logic circuits are discussed including half adders, full adders, subtractors, comparators, and code converters. Truth tables and minimized logic expressions are provided for these circuits.
3) Implementation of combinational logic circuits using logic gates like AND, OR, NAND, NOR is explained. Examples of half adder, full adder, and code converter logic diagrams are also given.
The document discusses a blog that provides free solutions manuals and solved exercises for many university textbooks. It states that the solutions manuals contain clear explanations of all the exercises from the textbooks. It invites the reader to visit the blog to download the solutions manuals for free.
Bayesian Inference and Uncertainty Quantification for Inverse ProblemsMatt Moores
So-called “inverse” problems arise when the parameters of a physical system cannot be directly observed. The mapping between these latent parameters and the space of noisy observations is represented as a mathematical model, often involving a system of differential equations. We seek to infer the parameter values that best fit our observed data. However, it is also vital to obtain accurate quantification of the uncertainty involved with these parameters, particularly when the output of the model will be used for forecasting. Bayesian inference provides well-calibrated uncertainty estimates, represented by the posterior distribution over the parameters. In this talk, I will give a brief introduction to Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms for sampling from the posterior distribution and describe how they can be combined with numerical solvers for the forward model. We apply these methods to two examples of ODE models: growth curves in ecology, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in chemistry. This is joint work with Matthew Berry, Mark Nelson, Brian Monaghan and Raymond Longbottom.
Boolean algebra is a system of logical operations developed by George Boole in the 19th century. It represents logical statements as expressions of binary variables, where true is represented by 1 and false by 0. The fundamental logical operations are AND, OR, and NOT. Boolean algebra finds application in digital circuits, where it is used to perform logical operations using electrical switches representing 1s and 0s. Boolean functions can be expressed in canonical forms such as Sum of Products (SOP) or Product of Sum (POS) and simplified using algebraic rules or Karnaugh maps to minimize the number of logic gates required.
Lecture Notes: EEEE6490345 RF and Microwave Electronics - Noise In Two-Port ...AIMST University
The document discusses noise in two-port networks. It defines noise figure as the ratio of signal-to-noise ratio at the input to the output. Noise figure depends on the noise added by the two-port network and any internal noise. The noise figure of multiple cascaded stages is calculated by adding the noise figure of each stage while accounting for the gain of previous stages. Noise circles are plotted on the Smith chart to visualize the noise figure as a function of source impedance matching. Examples calculate the noise figure of amplifier cascades and radio frequency receivers.
Basic algebra, trig and calculus needed for physics.
**More good stuff available at:
www.wsautter.com
and
http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wnsautter&aq=f
This document provides an overview of asymptotic notation used to analyze algorithms. It defines common asymptotic classifications like Big O, Big Omega, and Theta notation. Examples are given to demonstrate how to determine the asymptotic complexity of functions and algorithms using these notations. Key concepts like monotonicity, floors/ceilings, and modular arithmetic are also summarized.
5.13.3 Geometric Probability and Changing Dimensionssmiller5
Students will
* Calculate geometric probabilities
* Use geometric probability to predict results in real-world situations
* Predict the effects of changing dimensions on the perimeter/circumference and area of a figure.
The Karnaugh map method provides a graphical way to simplify logic equations or convert truth tables into logic circuits. It arranges variables in a grid so that adjacent squares differ in only one variable. Loops of adjacent 1s can then be identified to eliminate variables from the logic expression. Larger loops eliminate more variables - pairs eliminate one variable, quads eliminate two variables, and octets eliminate three variables. The method is demonstrated through examples of constructing Karnaugh maps from truth tables and simplifying the resulting logic expressions through looping.
Boolean algebra is an algebra of logic developed by George Boole between 1815-1864 to represent logical statements as an algebra of true and false. It is used to perform logical operations in digital computers by representing true as 1 and false as 0. The fundamental logical operators are AND, OR, and NOT. Boolean algebra expressions can be represented in sum of products (SOP) form or product of sums (POS) form and minimized using algebraic rules or Karnaugh maps. Minterms and maxterms are used to derive Boolean functions from truth tables in canonical SOP or POS form.
CBSE XII MATHS SAMPLE PAPER BY KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA Gautham Rajesh
The document provides the blueprint for the Class XII maths exam, including the breakdown of questions by chapter and type (1 mark, 4 marks, 6 marks). It includes 13 chapters, with a total of 10 one-mark questions, 12 four-mark questions, and 7 six-mark questions. The document also provides a sample question paper following the same format, with Section A having 10 one-mark questions, Section B having 12 four-mark questions, and Section C having 7 six-mark questions. The question paper covers various topics like relations and functions, matrices, differentiation, integrals, differential equations, and probability.
This document provides formulas and code snippets for calculating distances, bearings, and other values between latitude/longitude points. It discusses the haversine formula for calculating great-circle distance, as well as the spherical law of cosines. It also provides formulas and examples for calculating initial and final bearings, midpoints, and intermediate points along a great-circle path between two points.
This document provides formulas and code snippets for calculating distances, bearings, and other values between latitude/longitude points. It discusses the haversine formula for calculating great-circle distance, as well as the spherical law of cosines. It also provides formulas and examples for calculating initial and final bearings, midpoints, and intermediate points along a great-circle path between two points.
This document provides publishing information for the third edition of the textbook "Applied Statistics and Probability for Engineers" including the authors, editors, production staff, publisher, and copyright details. It indicates that the book was set in Times Roman font and printed by Donnelley/Willard on acid-free paper. The copyright is held by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. in 2003.
The document discusses digital electronics and Boolean algebra. It introduces basic logic operations such as AND, OR, and NOT. It then discusses additional logic operations like NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR. Truth tables are presented as a way to describe the functional behavior of Boolean expressions and logic circuits. Boolean expressions are composed of literals and logic operations. Boolean algebra laws and theorems can be used to simplify Boolean expressions, which allows for simpler circuit implementation.
The document provides information about Unit 2 of a course which includes:
- Boolean algebra rules and laws such as commutative, associative, distributive for AND, OR and inversion. De Morgan's theorem.
- Simplifying logic equations using Boolean algebra rules and Karnaugh maps up to 4 bits.
- Converting between binary and gray codes.
- Minimizing logic expressions using Karnaugh maps.
George Boole developed Boolean algebra between 1815-1864 as an algebra of logic to represent logical statements as algebraic expressions. Boolean algebra uses two values, True and False (represented by 1 and 0 respectively) and logical operators like AND, OR, and NOT to represent logical statements and perform operations on them. Boolean algebra finds application in digital circuits where it is used to perform logical operations. Canonical forms and Karnaugh maps are techniques used to simplify Boolean expressions into their minimal forms.
This document provides an overview of digital electronics and Boolean algebra topics, including:
- Boolean algebra deals with binary variables and logical operations. It originated from George Boole's 1854 book.
- Logic gates are basic building blocks of digital systems. Common logic gates include AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR gates.
- Boolean laws like commutative, associative, distributive, De Morgan's theorems are used to simplify logic expressions.
- Karnaugh maps are used to minimize logic expressions into sum of products or product of sums form. Don't care conditions allow for further simplification.
- Universal gates like NAND and NOR can be used to construct all other logic gates
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3. OR
GATE
YES,
Turn
sprinklers
on
High temp = 1
emp = 1
Weather dry = 1
her dry = 1
Daytime = 1
Soil in plants
wet? Yes = 1
Name the logic gates. Test it by answering True or false (Yes or No) for each Input.
AND
GATE
AND
GATE
NOT
GATE
If temp. is high or the weather isdry, and if it’sdaytime and
also the soil in plantsis not wet, the resultwill be True, which
turns the sprinklersON.
4. YES,
Alert
police
WRITE CONDITIONS IN THE LOGIC BOXES THAT WOULD ALERT YOU TO SOMEONE
BREAKING INTO YOUR HOUSE. YOU CAN CHOOSE THE LOGIC GATES YOU HAVE
LEARNT. NAME THE LOGIC GATES. TEST THE ALARM SYSTEM BY ANSWERING YES OR
NO ( TRUE OR FALSE ).
Motion
Sensor = 1
Door/Window
Sensor = 1
Proximity
Sensor = 1
Override
Switch = 0
OR
GATE AND
GATE
AND
GATE
NOT
GATE
6. WHICH LOGIC GATE IS THIS?
AND GATE
AND GATE
NOT GATE
NOT GATE
OR GATE
7. Two switches are off (0) One switch off (0) and one switch on (1)
Two switches are on (1)
S1 S2 OUTPUT
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
As we see, when the two switchesare off (0) the output is on (1);
when one switchis off (0) and the other is on (1), the output is off
(0); when the two switchesare on (1), the output is on (1). Based
on this,we can determinethat thisdiagram represents the
XNORlogicgate.
9. Obtain the simplified
Boolean expressions for
output variables F, G, and H
in terms of input
variables in the circuit
shown.
For simplification use
Boolean rules and Karnaugh
maps (SOP or POS as you
wish).
10. X3 = (A3’B3 + A3B3’)’ = (A3’B3)’ (A3B3’)’ = (A3+B3’) (A3’+B3) = A3A3’+A3B3+A3’B3’+B3B3’ = A3B3+A3’B3’ =
A3+A3’B3’ = A3+B3’
X2 = (A2’B2 + A2B2’)’ = (A2’B2)’ (A2B2’)’ = (A2+B2’) (A2’+B2) = A2A2’+A2B2+A2’B2’+B2B2’ = A2B2+A2’B2’ =
A2+A2’B2’ = A2+B2’
X1 = (A1’B1 + A1B1’)’ = (A1’B1)’ (A1B1’)’ = (A1+B1’) (A1’+B1) = A1A1’+A1B1+A1’B1’+B1B1’ = A1B1+A1’B1’ =
A1+A1’B1’ = A1+B1’
X0 = (A0’B0 + A0B0’)’ = (A0’B0)’ (A0B0’)’ = (A0+B0’) (A0’+B0) = A0A0’+A0B0+A0’B0’+B0B0’ = A0B0+A0’B0’ =
A0+A0’B0’ = A0+B0’
H = X3 * X2 * X1 * X0 = (A3+B3’) (A2+B2’) (A1+B1’) (A0+B0’)
Z3 = X3 (A2’B2) = A2’B2 (A3+B3’)
Z2 = X3 X2 (A1’B1) = A1’B1 (A3+B3’)(A2+B2’)
Z1 = X3 X2 X1 (A0’B0) = A0’B0 (A3+B3’)(A2+B2’)(A1+B1’)
F = A3’B3 + Z3 + Z2 + Z1
F = A3’B3+A2’B2 (A3+B3’)+A1’B1 (A3+B3’)(A2+B2’)+A0’B0 (A3+B3’)(A2+B2’)(A1+B1’)
F = A3’B3+(A2’B2+A3’B3)A3 Factor out A3+B3’ from the first two terms
F = A3’B3+A2’B2A3+A3’B3A3 Distribute A3 through the second term
F = A3’B3+A2’B2A3+A3’B3 Simplify A3’B3A3 to A3’B3 since A3*A3=A3
F = A3’B3+A2’B2A3+ (A1’B1 (A2+B2’)+A0’B0 (A2+B2’)(A1+B1’)) (A3+B3’) Factor out A3+B3’ from the last two terms
F = A3’B3+A2’B2A3+ A1’B1 (A2+B2’)A3 +A0’B0(A2+B2’)(A1+B1’)A3 +A1’B1(A2+B2’)B3’ +A0’B0 (A2+B2’)(A1+B1’)B3’
Distribute A3+B3’ through the last two terms
11. Y3 = X3 (A2B2’) = A2B2’(A3+B3’)
Y2 = X2 X3 (A1B1’) = A1B1’ (A3+B3’) (A2+B2’)
Y1 = X1 X2 X3 (A0B0’) = A0B0’ (A3+B3’) (A2+B2’) (A1+B1’)
G = A3B3’ + Y3 + Y2 + Y1
G = A3B3’+ A2B2’(A3+B3’)+ A1B1’ (A3+B3’) (A2+B2’)+ A0B0’ (A3+B3’) (A2+B2’) (A1+B1’)
G = A3B3’+ A2B2’A3+ A2B2’B3’+ A1B1’A3A2+ A1B1’B3’A2+ A0B0’A3A2A1+ A0B0’B3’A2A1+ A0B0’A3A2B1’B3’
Distributing
G = A3(B3’+ A2B2’+ A1B1’A2B1’B3’)+ A2(A3+ B3’+ A1B1’B3’+ A0B0’A1B1’B3’) Grouping terms with A3 and A2
G = A3(B3’+ A2B2’+ A1B1’A2B1’B3’)+ A2(A3+ B3’+ A1B1’B3’(1+ A0B0’A1)) Factoring out A1B1’B3’ from the third term
G = A3(B3’+ A2B2’+ A1B1’A2B1’B3’)+ A2(A3+ B3’+ A1B1’B3’) Since 1+ A0B0’A1 = 1, simplify the third term
G = B3’(A3+ A1B1’A2)+ A2(A3+ B3’+ A1B1’B3’)+ A3B2’B1’ Simplify the expression by factoring out common terms
G = B3’(A3+ A1B1’A2)+ A2(A3+ B3’+ A1B1’B3’)+ A3B2’B1’