This document discusses a smart transformer protection system with parallel load sharing. It proposes a distribution network load distribution model that considers reliability, economy of parallel transformers, and load balancing. The model uses optimization algorithms to determine appropriate transformer operation modes and load distribution schemes. It also describes a hardware system using microcontrollers, sensors, and relays to monitor the load sharing process and improve reliability and economy of parallel transformer operation. The system aims to reduce transformer losses and automatically balance loads.
Solid-State Transformer (S2T) also known as Power Electronic Transformer (PET) is applied in various industrial fields compared to the conventional transformer due to it flexible voltage transfer ratio, high power density, and low harmonic distortion. This paper presents the S2T of Single Phase Matrix Converter (SPMC) that acts as cyclo-converter. A 1kHz frequency was synthesized on the primary side of the transformer using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique, whilst, the output converted by the SPMC that produces the 50Hz frequency. A part of AC to AC operation, the switching algorithm for safe-commutation technique is also presented to solve the commutation problem caused by the usage of inductive load. Minimization of size, losses and optimal efficiency are the advantages of this approach. The proposed model was simulated by using MATLAB/Simulink (MLS).
Solid-State Transformer (S2T) also known as Power Electronic Transformer (PET) is applied in various industrial fields compared to the conventional transformer due to it flexible voltage transfer ratio, high power density, and low harmonic distortion. This paper presents the S2T of Single Phase Matrix Converter (SPMC) that acts as cyclo-converter. A 1kHz frequency was synthesized on the primary side of the transformer using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique, whilst, the output converted by the SPMC that produces the 50Hz frequency. A part of AC to AC operation, the switching algorithm for safe-commutation technique is also presented to solve the commutation problem caused by the usage of inductive load. Minimization of size, losses and optimal efficiency are the advantages of this approach. The proposed model was simulated by using MATLAB/Simulink (MLS).
SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS OF TIBC FOR INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVEEditor IJMTER
This project proposes a new low cost converter- inverter drive system for induction motor.
The converter is designed to drive a three-phase induction motor directly from PhotoVoltaic (PV)
energy source. The three phase induction motor is better because of its low cost, reliability, no
maintenance, high efficiency and good power factor. Two Inductor Boost Converter (TIBC) is used
in first stage along with the voltage doubler rectifier and snubber to develop the system. The reason
to choose TIBC is due to its high voltage gain and low input current ripple, which minimizes the
oscillations at the module operation point. To convert the boosted DC output voltage from PV
module into AC, a voltage source inverter is implemented to attain sufficient voltage to drive the
motor. As the PV cell posses the nonlinear behaviour, the Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT)
controller is needed to improve the utilization efficiency of the converter. The MPPT algorithm
proposed in this paper based on hill climbing algorithm, for matching the load and to boost the PV
module output voltage. PI Controller is used to control the speed of the Induction Motor. The entire
system is simulated using Matlab Simulink environment. The system is expected to be operated with
high efficiency and low cost for long lifetime.
Although maintaining transformer efficiency presents challenges, there are ways to improve it. While future solutions are pave their way, you can for now rely on reputed and certified transformer suppliers in India for the same.
A Positive Buck Boost Converter with Mode Select Circuit and Feed Forward Tec...IJERA Editor
The portable devices development of semiconductor manufacturing technology, conversion efficiency, power
consumption, and the size of devices have become the most important design criteria of switching power
converters. For portable applications better conveniences extension of battery life and improves the conversion
efficiency of power converters .It is essential to develop accurate switching power converters, which can reduce
more wasted power energy. The proposed topology can achieve faster transient responses when the supply
voltages are changed for the converter by making use of the feed forward network .With mode select circuit the
conduction & switching losses are reduced the positive buck–boost converter operate in buck, buck–boost, or
boost converter. By adding feed-forward techniques, the proposed converter can improve transient response
when the supply voltages are changed. The designing, modeling & experimental results were verified in
MATLAB/ Simulink. The fuzzy logic controller is used as controller.
The use of distributed generation (DG) within distribution systems has increased for the last two decades due to worldwide increase in demand for electricity and governmental policy change from “conventional” energy to “green” energy. High levels of penetration of DG have many significant benefits but also come with many drawbacks such as voltage drop and power losses. This study presents the impact of DG at different locations in a distribution feeder in terms of the feeder voltage profile. A radial distribution system is simulated using PSCAD/EMTDC simulation software while changing the size and location of DG in the system. The obtained results are used for better understanding on the impact of DG on voltage profile in radial distribution feeder.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
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SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS OF TIBC FOR INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVEEditor IJMTER
This project proposes a new low cost converter- inverter drive system for induction motor.
The converter is designed to drive a three-phase induction motor directly from PhotoVoltaic (PV)
energy source. The three phase induction motor is better because of its low cost, reliability, no
maintenance, high efficiency and good power factor. Two Inductor Boost Converter (TIBC) is used
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Although maintaining transformer efficiency presents challenges, there are ways to improve it. While future solutions are pave their way, you can for now rely on reputed and certified transformer suppliers in India for the same.
A Positive Buck Boost Converter with Mode Select Circuit and Feed Forward Tec...IJERA Editor
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2. ABSTRACT
• The distribution network load distribution model is proposed which takes distribution network reliability,
the economy of parallel transformers and load balancing as the object function. The topological
structure, load capacity and operating limits are given as the restriction conditions. Using optimization
algorithm to analyses the model, the appropriate transformer operation mode and the load distribution
scheme can be determined.
• What's more, a simple double power distribution network is used to show the steps of the distribution
network load distribution considering the transformer economic operation mode. It makes clear that the
model can determine the transformer operation mode and the priority-based load distribution strategy.
This demo model contribute to improving the distribution network reliability and economy. The
hardware of the system includes Current transformer along with Atmega328P microcontrollers, relay
driver and some other components.
3. INTRODUCTION
• The distribution transformer plays a key role in distribution network. It undertakes the task of the
voltage transformation, energy distribution. But a lot of loss of the transformer in operation has
affected the economy of the distribution network. Therefore, in order to save energy, it is essential to
consider the transformer economical operation mode during distribution network load distribution.
• Combining with the comprehensive power loss curve and critical load of transformer in parallel, the
interval of economic operation of transformers in different operation modes is deduced in this
project.
• Network loss includes line loss and transformer loss. As essential equipment, the distribution
transformer undertakes the vital task of voltage transformation and power distribution in the power
distribution system. Nevertheless, transformers loss occupies a large proportion of the distribution
network loss. Thus it is inevitable to take some measures to reduce the transformer loss. This will do
good to safety and economy of the distribution network.
4. PROBLEM STATEMENT
• The distribution transformer plays a key role in distribution network. It undertakes the task of the voltage
transformation, energy distribution. But a lot of loss of the transformer in operation has affected the economy of the
distribution network. Therefore, in order to save energy, it is essential to consider the transformer economical
operation mode during distribution network load distribution.
• Combining with the comprehensive power loss curve and critical load of transformer in parallel, the interval of
economic operation of transformers in different operation modes is deduced in this paper. With environmental and
energy problems increasingly serious, many countries around the world are committed to the development of the new
energy. Meanwhile, they also advocate energy saving in every field.
• Electricity is one of the important and indispensable resources. However, there is massive energy loss in the
process of power production and transmission. Therefore, the power industry energy saving task brooks no delay.
Main energy loss in electric power industry contains the network loss.
5. OBJECTIVE
Our project works on following aspects
• Reduce the transformer losses.
• To design & fabrication of a hardware which will monitor the performance of the load sharing
process by taking power consumed by the load into consideration
• Reliability and economy of parallel operation.
• Load balance can reduce the life loss of the transformer.
• Automatic load balancing based on priority.
8. ADVANTAGES:-
• Parallel operation of transformer Minimize The Transformer Losses.
• Automation of load sharing Reduce Human Interference.
• Increase Reliability Of Power System.
DISADVANTAGES:-
• Initial cost of replacement is high
• Control and protection Is more complex
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
9. CONCLUSION
• The transformer comprehensive power loss curve is drawn on the basic of the discipline .the critical
load apparent power between each pair of operation modes of numerous transformers can be computed
and it is easy to deduce the transformer economic operation interval. Distribution transformer load
distribution model considering the economy of the parallel transformers is set up the optimization goals
are distribution network reliability transformer operation economy and load balancing.
10. REFERENCES
[1] J.A.Jardini, CM.v. Tahan, E.L. Ferrari, S.D. Ahn, "Selection of Distribution Transformers Based
on Economic Criteria." IEEE conference publication, 1997, vol. 6, pp. 14.1-14.5.
[2] Haibo Liu, Chengxiong Mao, Member, IEEE, Jiming Lu, and Dan Wang, “Parallel Operation of
Electronic Power Transformer and Conventional Transformer.” DRPT2008 6- 9 April 2008 Nanjing
China
[3] Jardini J.A., et allii, 1994 “Determination of the Typical Daily Load Curve for Residential Area
Based on Field Measurements” IEEE Transmission and Distribution Conference - Chicapo. USA.
[4] Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China, GB/T 13462-2008 Economical
Operation for Power Transformers, Beijing, China: 2008.