This document discusses understanding ethical and legal constraints within the media sector. It covers several topics, including representations in media and how they can influence perceptions; Ofcom categories for offensive words; guidelines from organizations like the NUJ to prevent negative portrayals of groups; accessibility requirements for broadcasters; and various acts like the Broadcasting Act, Official Secrets Act, and Obscene Publications Act. An example is provided of the Obscene Publications Act being used in a 2008 case against a civil servant for a fictional story he wrote online.
This document outlines Matt Enger's mastery timeline for his studies at Full Sail University. It details his goals and plans for each course, including New Media and Communications, Writing for Interactive Media, and Legal Aspects of New Media Journalism. For each course, he lists goals such as learning research skills and practicing writing. He also provides details of his plans to get experience in the broadcasting field post-graduation, including seeking internships and working entry-level jobs. The document serves as Matt's overall plan and timeline for mastering his education and pursuing a career in broadcasting.
The document discusses the use of social networking sites like Twitter, Facebook, and MySpace for connecting, educating, and informing others. It provides statistics on the growth and usage of these sites, and gives examples of how they have been used for campaigning, in emergencies, and in education. Various terms related to Twitter usage are also defined in the "Twittonary" section.
Young people freely share personal information online without considering privacy implications. While social media allows learning outside of school, it also enables persistent and searchable sharing of information to invisible audiences. Studies show teens are more concerned about online privacy than in the past but still share freely on social networks. Critical thinking about privacy is important for youth online.
Baoill examines how blogs fit Habermas' model of the ideal public sphere. While blogs allow open participation, time commitment and technical skills can limit inclusion. Popular blogs are disproportionately influenced by "A-list" bloggers with existing credentials. Debate often focuses on a few transient topics, disadvantaging local issues. However, some use blogs to comment on conditions in oppressive regimes. While inclusive, the blogosphere fails to disregard rank and privileges some topics over others.
This document provides guidance on writing effective news leads or introductions to news stories. It recommends writing a terse lead that summarizes the key details of who, what, when, where, why and how in 1-2 sentences of no more than 35 words. It also provides tips on identifying the most important element, using past tense, subject-verb-object structure and avoiding buried leads, questions, direct quotes or obscure people in the lead. The document outlines common pitfalls to avoid and emphasizes writing clearly and concisely.
Social networking sites can have negative effects on social skills development. Some issues include cyberbullying, which 42% of students surveyed reported experiencing. Victims of cyberbullying can experience lower self-esteem, depression, and in some cases suicide. Additionally, the use of shorthand and slang on social media can negatively impact students' language skills and writing abilities if carried into schoolwork. Frequent online socializing can also reduce in-person social interactions important for developing conflict resolution and relationship building skills.
This document provides an overview of social media and guidelines for educators on appropriate social media use. It defines social media as a trend where people use technology to get things from each other rather than traditional institutions. It then discusses why people use social media to share information and stay connected. It cautions that email and social media have made communication more casual and discusses privacy laws like FERPA that protect student information. Overall, it provides best practices for educators to thoughtfully engage with social media while avoiding privacy violations or inappropriate disclosures.
O'Connor & Schmidt (2015) Facebook Fired: Teaching students to recognize and ...Gordon Schmidt
This document discusses teaching students about the potential professional ramifications of personal social media use. It notes that 73% of American adults use social media, and 17% of organizations have had issues with employees' social media use, firing 8% of those. Case studies are presented of employees being fired for social media posts that were seen as inappropriate. The document advocates discussing social media policies and privacy settings with students to help protect their careers.
This document outlines Matt Enger's mastery timeline for his studies at Full Sail University. It details his goals and plans for each course, including New Media and Communications, Writing for Interactive Media, and Legal Aspects of New Media Journalism. For each course, he lists goals such as learning research skills and practicing writing. He also provides details of his plans to get experience in the broadcasting field post-graduation, including seeking internships and working entry-level jobs. The document serves as Matt's overall plan and timeline for mastering his education and pursuing a career in broadcasting.
The document discusses the use of social networking sites like Twitter, Facebook, and MySpace for connecting, educating, and informing others. It provides statistics on the growth and usage of these sites, and gives examples of how they have been used for campaigning, in emergencies, and in education. Various terms related to Twitter usage are also defined in the "Twittonary" section.
Young people freely share personal information online without considering privacy implications. While social media allows learning outside of school, it also enables persistent and searchable sharing of information to invisible audiences. Studies show teens are more concerned about online privacy than in the past but still share freely on social networks. Critical thinking about privacy is important for youth online.
Baoill examines how blogs fit Habermas' model of the ideal public sphere. While blogs allow open participation, time commitment and technical skills can limit inclusion. Popular blogs are disproportionately influenced by "A-list" bloggers with existing credentials. Debate often focuses on a few transient topics, disadvantaging local issues. However, some use blogs to comment on conditions in oppressive regimes. While inclusive, the blogosphere fails to disregard rank and privileges some topics over others.
This document provides guidance on writing effective news leads or introductions to news stories. It recommends writing a terse lead that summarizes the key details of who, what, when, where, why and how in 1-2 sentences of no more than 35 words. It also provides tips on identifying the most important element, using past tense, subject-verb-object structure and avoiding buried leads, questions, direct quotes or obscure people in the lead. The document outlines common pitfalls to avoid and emphasizes writing clearly and concisely.
Social networking sites can have negative effects on social skills development. Some issues include cyberbullying, which 42% of students surveyed reported experiencing. Victims of cyberbullying can experience lower self-esteem, depression, and in some cases suicide. Additionally, the use of shorthand and slang on social media can negatively impact students' language skills and writing abilities if carried into schoolwork. Frequent online socializing can also reduce in-person social interactions important for developing conflict resolution and relationship building skills.
This document provides an overview of social media and guidelines for educators on appropriate social media use. It defines social media as a trend where people use technology to get things from each other rather than traditional institutions. It then discusses why people use social media to share information and stay connected. It cautions that email and social media have made communication more casual and discusses privacy laws like FERPA that protect student information. Overall, it provides best practices for educators to thoughtfully engage with social media while avoiding privacy violations or inappropriate disclosures.
O'Connor & Schmidt (2015) Facebook Fired: Teaching students to recognize and ...Gordon Schmidt
This document discusses teaching students about the potential professional ramifications of personal social media use. It notes that 73% of American adults use social media, and 17% of organizations have had issues with employees' social media use, firing 8% of those. Case studies are presented of employees being fired for social media posts that were seen as inappropriate. The document advocates discussing social media policies and privacy settings with students to help protect their careers.
The document warns about the permanent nature of online posts and their potential negative consequences. It discusses how college admissions officers, employers, fellow students, and legal authorities may access social media profiles and how inappropriate content could impact acceptance to college or grad school, job prospects, relationships, and legal cases. Specific examples are given of students who faced repercussions from posts about campus tours, Halloween costume photos, and sexually suggestive images. The document advises discussing with students what types of content should not be shared online and reflecting on whether something is worth posting publicly.
- Doug Hann, a student at Brown University, was expelled for shouting abusive and derogatory language at other students while intoxicated, including racial and homophobic slurs.
- His expulsion sparked debate around the limits of free speech on college campuses and whether universities can punish speech that constitutes harassment.
- While some saw it as upholding protections against racism, others argued it inhibited free expression and could set a precedent for censorship of unpopular opinions. Universities struggled to balance these competing interests around offensive speech versus harassment.
The document discusses challenges facing fire departments in conducting public fire safety education and proposes new ways to address these challenges using modern communication tools. It finds that while fire departments value public education, limited resources hamper their efforts. It recommends departments utilize free online education materials and embrace new media like blogs, podcasts, and video to engage wider audiences despite funding shortfalls.
This document provides a course development blueprint for an online Introduction to Sociology course. The 16-week course is divided into 5 modules, each covering a chapter and topics in the textbook. Modules include direct instruction, required and optional learning activities such as discussions and assignments. Activities are linked to learning objectives and aim to reinforce course concepts. Assessments include individual discussion posts and blogs, weekly quizzes, and a final exam. Potential media pieces are recommended to supplement each chapter. The detailed course structure and schedule provide a framework to guide students through the key content and assessments.
This document provides guidance for moving a student newspaper online. It recommends using a platform like WordPress that is intuitive and has plugins. Picking dedicated print and online staffs or a combined staff depends on class size. Quality equipment is needed for multimedia. Online content should be unique, frequent, and utilize different story forms. Social media and engaging content beyond just stories can draw readers. Grading online students on published work can motivate quality output.
The document provides a table of contents and samples of various public relations materials including press releases from law firms, nonprofit organizations, sample blog posts on career advice, and an interview transcript on the topic of steel pans and the influence of social factors like race on musical performances. The materials are intended to provide examples of formats and styles for common public relations documents and communications.
This document provides information about various laws and regulations that govern the media sector in the UK, including those related to representations, accessibility, harm and offense, privacy, copyright, and intellectual property. It discusses laws such as the Broadcasting Act, Official Secrets Act, Obscene Publications Act, Video Recordings Act, Equality Act, and protections for privacy. Examples are given of cases involving these different laws and how they shaped related media representations and content.
This document provides an overview of key concepts around ethics and legal constraints in the media sector, as part of a BTEC course on creative media production. It discusses representations in media and what can influence them, such as target audiences and political stances. Guidelines from organizations like Ofcom and IPSO that regulate media are examined, looking at how they establish rules around topics, language and accessibility. Laws governing privacy, secrecy and offensive content are also covered.
Running head: 1-3 FINAL PROJECT: MILESTONE ONE 1
PHE 330 FINAL PROJECT: MILESTONE ONE 5
1-3 Final Project: Milestone One
XXXXXXXXX
Public Health Education & Communication
Tami Ford
Southern New Hampshire University
September 4, 2022
I. Health Problem.
I have chosen to complete my final project discussing Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). There are quite a few people that I know that are near and dear to my heart living with this virus. There are many misconceptions about HIV that the public has simply due to unawareness. With most common public health issues there are many questions that need to be answered to solve the myths. Mental health and substance use disorders can also make it difficult for people to take their medications as prescribed. When HIV is not treated or maintained, it can lead to the fatal diseases Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Of note, you cannot have AIDS without being infected with HIV. According to the Center for Disease Control, HIV can affect anyone regardless of sexual orientation, race, ethnicity, gender, or age (CDC, 2022). However, certain groups are at a higher risk for HIV and weigh special considerations due to the specific risk factors. Gay and Bisexual men, pregnant women, infants, children, Transgender people, people who exchange sex for money, people who inject drugs, etc. These are all considerations of the causes for higher risk for being affected by HIV. However, with the modern medicines and treatments for HIV, many have been known to live long and healthy lives.
II. Organization.
The organization that I have chosen is the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO was founded in 1948 and is the United Nations Agency that connects nations, partners, and people to promote health, keep the world safe and serve the vulnerable – so everyone, everywhere can attain the highest level of health (WHO, 2022). My role in this organization will be a Public Health Physician. WHO works closely with United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) on Elimination of Mother-to Child Transmission (EMTCT) of HIV and pediatric AIDS and works with United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) on the integration of HIV and Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR). WHO considers the epidemiological, technological, and contextual trends of previous years, promotes learning with each disease area, and generates opportunities to leverage innovations and knowledge for efficient responses to HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI). Thanks to awareness and past research, WHO is able to provide a in depth analysis of the past and current trends of HIV and other STI through multiple platforms.
References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022, August 5).
HIV. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved September 4, 2022, from https://www.cd.
Confucius was a philosopher from China in the 6th-5th century BCE who developed the system of thought known as Confucianism. A key Confucian belief was that people should have five fundamental relationships in society defined by roles of father-son, older brother-younger brother, husband-wife, friend-friend, and ruler-subject. Confucius also emphasized the importance of filial piety, the virtue of respecting one's parents and ancestors.
Soil Pollution Essay in English - Study Thinks. Soil Pollution Essay in English | Essay on Soil Pollution for Students. Soil Pollution Essay | Essay on Soil Pollution for Students and .... Soil pollution essay in english || Essay on soil pollution for students .... Soil Pollution Essay for Students and Children | PDF Download. Write a short essay on Soil Pollution | Essay Writing | English - YouTube. Soil Pollution Essay - 2408 Words | Free Essay Example on GraduateWay. Best Soil Pollution Essay For Kids - 1400 Words | Earth Reminder. write essay on soil pollution | how to write essay on soil pollution .... Essay on Soil Pollution - YouTube. Essay on Soil Pollution for Students and Children 1200+ Words. Essay on Soil pollution || English || - YouTube. Soil pollution, health effect of the soil. Soil Pollution Essay in English - A to Z Essays. Essay on Soil Pollution for Children and Students. Essay of Soil Pollution - CBSE Class Notes Online - Classnotes123. Essay about soil pollution - writefiction581.web.fc2.com.
Alcoholism Essay. The Abuse of Alcohol - Free Essay Example PapersOwl.comAshley Rosas
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While women may perceive the streets as more dangerous due to fear of sexual assault and murder, statistics show that men actually face greater risks of violence in public spaces. The "victimization/fear paradox" refers to the disparity between perceived risk and actual risk, with women overestimating street danger relative to the likelihood of crime occurring at home. Assaults are nearly three times more common against men on streets compared to women. Overall statistics indicate homes and private residences pose greater risks of murder, sexual assault, and domestic violence than public spaces do.
How To Write An Introductory Paragraph For An EssayJodi Hartman
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- OFCOM has three categories for regulating offensive words on TV: Category 1 words are unsuitable for children and may be harmful; Category 2 words are slightly offensive and allowed before 9pm with restrictions; Category 3 words are allowed before 9pm if edited or bleeped.
- The categories aim to protect children and sensitive viewers from offensive content by restricting strong language and images to after 9pm watershed.
- While restrictions aim to make TV safer, the document argues strongest profanity could still air after 9pm as viewers expect more offensive content then.
Raised Line Paper (Pack Of 50) - Assistive TechnologyMelissa Grant
The document discusses the process of endosymbiosis and its importance in the evolution of organelles. It explains that endosymbiosis allowed for the evolution of eukaryotes from a common ancestor during the Precambrian period. It mentions that plastids, such as chloroplasts, originated from cyanobacteria being engulfed by algal cells. The essay will focus on the early evolution of the eukaryote ancestor, the origin of plastids from cyanobacteria, and how endosymbiosis enabled the development of mitochondria from proteobacteria.
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Complete all questions with in-text citations and references.1. .docxluellaj
Complete all questions with in-text citations and references.
1. Many sociologists argue that socialization is needed to make people human- that without socialization we would never gain the pro social skills needed to build society. Discuss how social changes like technology have impacted our socialization. How does that impact our "humanness"?
2. There has been a lot of debate about the value of the Internet over the last few years-
On the positive side it has been argued that the Internet provides rapid inexpensive exchange of information. That it enables people to meet, discover information on their own, and learn in ways that are revolutionary and new.
On the other hand, many have argued that the Internet is a big waste of time- there is too much information available on the Internet, which makes it impossible to determine the truth or actual value of that information- resulting in less educated and informed individuals. Online social networking has created isolation of individuals and diminished the strength of social ties and social institutions. Access to the Internet is still limited for some minority groups resulting in inequality, and that some of the information on the Internet is harmful.
However very little commentary or analysis looks at it from the standpoint of social groups- using the information from this week’s lecture (as well as your book and course modules) develop an argument about the Internet and group processes- is the Internet good for group organization or bad? What is social control like on the Internet? What are the consequences of the social control or lack or social control on the Internet for groups? For individuals? For society?
Note: make sure you are using class concepts for these answers. Do not get caught up in the idea of the internet to the point that you forget that the purpose is to discuss class concepts of group behavior. Group behavior theories and concepts were developed using face to face interactions. I want you to apply them to online interactions. Also note social networks in sociology is not the same as the common use of social networks online.
3. We have painted society as mostly compliant and seen studies that indicate that people comply- particularly with authority
However, there is plenty of evidence that people are regularly deviant
In studies 50 to 70 percent of students say they have cheated
Many people commonly cheat- on their taxes, on their partners and spouses, at games
So, is conformity an illusion?
Under what circumstances do you see people are more likely to comply- when are they less likely?
If deviance is so common why is it still not socially acceptable?
Real world application
Step 1 this week- go to the movies (seriously) or watch a movie at home. You can choose a movie if you would like but this week we are talking about socialization, groups, social control and deviance so choose something that you think will work well for that assignment. An ensemble film will b.
The document discusses audiences for media products and how media institutions target specific audiences. It explains that media producers often categorize audiences based on demographics like age, gender, socioeconomic background to determine how to best target shows and products. Producers create a profile of their intended target audience. Different media aim their products at mass audiences or niche audiences. The document also discusses how audiences can interpret, or "read", media texts in different ways depending on their own perspective.
The document warns about the permanent nature of online posts and their potential negative consequences. It discusses how college admissions officers, employers, fellow students, and legal authorities may access social media profiles and how inappropriate content could impact acceptance to college or grad school, job prospects, relationships, and legal cases. Specific examples are given of students who faced repercussions from posts about campus tours, Halloween costume photos, and sexually suggestive images. The document advises discussing with students what types of content should not be shared online and reflecting on whether something is worth posting publicly.
- Doug Hann, a student at Brown University, was expelled for shouting abusive and derogatory language at other students while intoxicated, including racial and homophobic slurs.
- His expulsion sparked debate around the limits of free speech on college campuses and whether universities can punish speech that constitutes harassment.
- While some saw it as upholding protections against racism, others argued it inhibited free expression and could set a precedent for censorship of unpopular opinions. Universities struggled to balance these competing interests around offensive speech versus harassment.
The document discusses challenges facing fire departments in conducting public fire safety education and proposes new ways to address these challenges using modern communication tools. It finds that while fire departments value public education, limited resources hamper their efforts. It recommends departments utilize free online education materials and embrace new media like blogs, podcasts, and video to engage wider audiences despite funding shortfalls.
This document provides a course development blueprint for an online Introduction to Sociology course. The 16-week course is divided into 5 modules, each covering a chapter and topics in the textbook. Modules include direct instruction, required and optional learning activities such as discussions and assignments. Activities are linked to learning objectives and aim to reinforce course concepts. Assessments include individual discussion posts and blogs, weekly quizzes, and a final exam. Potential media pieces are recommended to supplement each chapter. The detailed course structure and schedule provide a framework to guide students through the key content and assessments.
This document provides guidance for moving a student newspaper online. It recommends using a platform like WordPress that is intuitive and has plugins. Picking dedicated print and online staffs or a combined staff depends on class size. Quality equipment is needed for multimedia. Online content should be unique, frequent, and utilize different story forms. Social media and engaging content beyond just stories can draw readers. Grading online students on published work can motivate quality output.
The document provides a table of contents and samples of various public relations materials including press releases from law firms, nonprofit organizations, sample blog posts on career advice, and an interview transcript on the topic of steel pans and the influence of social factors like race on musical performances. The materials are intended to provide examples of formats and styles for common public relations documents and communications.
This document provides information about various laws and regulations that govern the media sector in the UK, including those related to representations, accessibility, harm and offense, privacy, copyright, and intellectual property. It discusses laws such as the Broadcasting Act, Official Secrets Act, Obscene Publications Act, Video Recordings Act, Equality Act, and protections for privacy. Examples are given of cases involving these different laws and how they shaped related media representations and content.
This document provides an overview of key concepts around ethics and legal constraints in the media sector, as part of a BTEC course on creative media production. It discusses representations in media and what can influence them, such as target audiences and political stances. Guidelines from organizations like Ofcom and IPSO that regulate media are examined, looking at how they establish rules around topics, language and accessibility. Laws governing privacy, secrecy and offensive content are also covered.
Running head: 1-3 FINAL PROJECT: MILESTONE ONE 1
PHE 330 FINAL PROJECT: MILESTONE ONE 5
1-3 Final Project: Milestone One
XXXXXXXXX
Public Health Education & Communication
Tami Ford
Southern New Hampshire University
September 4, 2022
I. Health Problem.
I have chosen to complete my final project discussing Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). There are quite a few people that I know that are near and dear to my heart living with this virus. There are many misconceptions about HIV that the public has simply due to unawareness. With most common public health issues there are many questions that need to be answered to solve the myths. Mental health and substance use disorders can also make it difficult for people to take their medications as prescribed. When HIV is not treated or maintained, it can lead to the fatal diseases Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Of note, you cannot have AIDS without being infected with HIV. According to the Center for Disease Control, HIV can affect anyone regardless of sexual orientation, race, ethnicity, gender, or age (CDC, 2022). However, certain groups are at a higher risk for HIV and weigh special considerations due to the specific risk factors. Gay and Bisexual men, pregnant women, infants, children, Transgender people, people who exchange sex for money, people who inject drugs, etc. These are all considerations of the causes for higher risk for being affected by HIV. However, with the modern medicines and treatments for HIV, many have been known to live long and healthy lives.
II. Organization.
The organization that I have chosen is the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO was founded in 1948 and is the United Nations Agency that connects nations, partners, and people to promote health, keep the world safe and serve the vulnerable – so everyone, everywhere can attain the highest level of health (WHO, 2022). My role in this organization will be a Public Health Physician. WHO works closely with United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) on Elimination of Mother-to Child Transmission (EMTCT) of HIV and pediatric AIDS and works with United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) on the integration of HIV and Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR). WHO considers the epidemiological, technological, and contextual trends of previous years, promotes learning with each disease area, and generates opportunities to leverage innovations and knowledge for efficient responses to HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI). Thanks to awareness and past research, WHO is able to provide a in depth analysis of the past and current trends of HIV and other STI through multiple platforms.
References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022, August 5).
HIV. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved September 4, 2022, from https://www.cd.
Confucius was a philosopher from China in the 6th-5th century BCE who developed the system of thought known as Confucianism. A key Confucian belief was that people should have five fundamental relationships in society defined by roles of father-son, older brother-younger brother, husband-wife, friend-friend, and ruler-subject. Confucius also emphasized the importance of filial piety, the virtue of respecting one's parents and ancestors.
Soil Pollution Essay in English - Study Thinks. Soil Pollution Essay in English | Essay on Soil Pollution for Students. Soil Pollution Essay | Essay on Soil Pollution for Students and .... Soil pollution essay in english || Essay on soil pollution for students .... Soil Pollution Essay for Students and Children | PDF Download. Write a short essay on Soil Pollution | Essay Writing | English - YouTube. Soil Pollution Essay - 2408 Words | Free Essay Example on GraduateWay. Best Soil Pollution Essay For Kids - 1400 Words | Earth Reminder. write essay on soil pollution | how to write essay on soil pollution .... Essay on Soil Pollution - YouTube. Essay on Soil Pollution for Students and Children 1200+ Words. Essay on Soil pollution || English || - YouTube. Soil pollution, health effect of the soil. Soil Pollution Essay in English - A to Z Essays. Essay on Soil Pollution for Children and Students. Essay of Soil Pollution - CBSE Class Notes Online - Classnotes123. Essay about soil pollution - writefiction581.web.fc2.com.
Alcoholism Essay. The Abuse of Alcohol - Free Essay Example PapersOwl.comAshley Rosas
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While women may perceive the streets as more dangerous due to fear of sexual assault and murder, statistics show that men actually face greater risks of violence in public spaces. The "victimization/fear paradox" refers to the disparity between perceived risk and actual risk, with women overestimating street danger relative to the likelihood of crime occurring at home. Assaults are nearly three times more common against men on streets compared to women. Overall statistics indicate homes and private residences pose greater risks of murder, sexual assault, and domestic violence than public spaces do.
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- OFCOM has three categories for regulating offensive words on TV: Category 1 words are unsuitable for children and may be harmful; Category 2 words are slightly offensive and allowed before 9pm with restrictions; Category 3 words are allowed before 9pm if edited or bleeped.
- The categories aim to protect children and sensitive viewers from offensive content by restricting strong language and images to after 9pm watershed.
- While restrictions aim to make TV safer, the document argues strongest profanity could still air after 9pm as viewers expect more offensive content then.
Raised Line Paper (Pack Of 50) - Assistive TechnologyMelissa Grant
The document discusses the process of endosymbiosis and its importance in the evolution of organelles. It explains that endosymbiosis allowed for the evolution of eukaryotes from a common ancestor during the Precambrian period. It mentions that plastids, such as chloroplasts, originated from cyanobacteria being engulfed by algal cells. The essay will focus on the early evolution of the eukaryote ancestor, the origin of plastids from cyanobacteria, and how endosymbiosis enabled the development of mitochondria from proteobacteria.
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Complete all questions with in-text citations and references.1. .docxluellaj
Complete all questions with in-text citations and references.
1. Many sociologists argue that socialization is needed to make people human- that without socialization we would never gain the pro social skills needed to build society. Discuss how social changes like technology have impacted our socialization. How does that impact our "humanness"?
2. There has been a lot of debate about the value of the Internet over the last few years-
On the positive side it has been argued that the Internet provides rapid inexpensive exchange of information. That it enables people to meet, discover information on their own, and learn in ways that are revolutionary and new.
On the other hand, many have argued that the Internet is a big waste of time- there is too much information available on the Internet, which makes it impossible to determine the truth or actual value of that information- resulting in less educated and informed individuals. Online social networking has created isolation of individuals and diminished the strength of social ties and social institutions. Access to the Internet is still limited for some minority groups resulting in inequality, and that some of the information on the Internet is harmful.
However very little commentary or analysis looks at it from the standpoint of social groups- using the information from this week’s lecture (as well as your book and course modules) develop an argument about the Internet and group processes- is the Internet good for group organization or bad? What is social control like on the Internet? What are the consequences of the social control or lack or social control on the Internet for groups? For individuals? For society?
Note: make sure you are using class concepts for these answers. Do not get caught up in the idea of the internet to the point that you forget that the purpose is to discuss class concepts of group behavior. Group behavior theories and concepts were developed using face to face interactions. I want you to apply them to online interactions. Also note social networks in sociology is not the same as the common use of social networks online.
3. We have painted society as mostly compliant and seen studies that indicate that people comply- particularly with authority
However, there is plenty of evidence that people are regularly deviant
In studies 50 to 70 percent of students say they have cheated
Many people commonly cheat- on their taxes, on their partners and spouses, at games
So, is conformity an illusion?
Under what circumstances do you see people are more likely to comply- when are they less likely?
If deviance is so common why is it still not socially acceptable?
Real world application
Step 1 this week- go to the movies (seriously) or watch a movie at home. You can choose a movie if you would like but this week we are talking about socialization, groups, social control and deviance so choose something that you think will work well for that assignment. An ensemble film will b.
The document discusses audiences for media products and how media institutions target specific audiences. It explains that media producers often categorize audiences based on demographics like age, gender, socioeconomic background to determine how to best target shows and products. Producers create a profile of their intended target audience. Different media aim their products at mass audiences or niche audiences. The document also discusses how audiences can interpret, or "read", media texts in different ways depending on their own perspective.
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The document discusses various definitions of identity and how identity is formed and influenced. It addresses the nature vs nurture debate on whether identity is innate or acquired. Key points made include:
- Identity can refer to characteristics that define one as a member of a group, the quality of being the same as something else, or one's individual personality.
- Young people's identities are influenced by the media images they are exposed to through technology like TVs and the internet. This exposure can shape their behavior, interests and sense of self.
- Identity is complex, personal yet relates to broader groups, and can change based on one's circumstances. It is fluid and affected by broader social changes.
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The memoir provides insight into Stefan Zweig's life from childhood in Vienna through World War I and until his suicide in 1942. Zweig witnessed many historical events firsthand and provides valuable context for understanding how societal changes impacted everyday people. While offering cautionary lessons, the memoir constructs a comprehensive picture of its time through accounts of social structures and interesting individuals. However, some issues undermine the delivery of Zweig's overall message.
The document provides an in-depth analysis of themes, symbols, and visual elements in Stanley Kubrick's film The Shining. It notes the film's use of color, especially the frequent appearances of the color red, to convey meaning and foreshadow events. Character behaviors and the deterioration of Jack's mental state over the course of the film are examined. Imagery of childhood innocence is contrasted with the hotel's corrupting influence on Jack. The breakdown of the family's relationships and each character's grip on reality is also summarized.
This document discusses Stanley Kubrick as the subject for an essay on auteur theory. It will compare three of Kubrick's films - The Shining, Full Metal Jacket, and A Clockwork Orange from 1971-1987 - and argue that his distinct visual style and concepts that remained consistent over 17 years qualify him as an auteur. Specifically, it will analyze Kubrick's use of composition, camera work, mise-en-scene, leading lines in shots, and his preference for adapting dark, gritty novels.
Hayao Miyazaki is considered an auteur director based on his distinct visual style and recurring themes across many films made over several decades for Studio Ghibli. The document analyzes three Miyazaki films - My Neighbour Totoro, Spirited Away, and Ponyo - identifying common themes of childhood innocence, respect for elders, and the introduction of responsibility or adulthood. It is argued that Miyazaki's exploration of these themes, along with his use of similar cast and crew, distinguish him as an auteur director.
This document provides information about key concepts in film studies, including editing techniques, cinematography, shots, camera movements, and context. It discusses graphical, rhythmic, temporal, and spatial editing relationships. It also defines different types of shots like bird's eye view, high angle, low angle, Dutch tilt, rack focus, extreme long shot, long shot, mid shot, close up, and extreme close up. Additionally, it covers camera movements such as pan, tilt, tracking, crane, and dolly. Context and mise-en-scene are also summarized. Examples from films like Rear Window, Atonement, and Spaced are analyzed.
The document discusses several techniques used in film theory and analysis, including mise-en-scene, character design, color symbolism, sound design, narrative structure, and cinematography. Specifically, it notes that villains are often associated with hidden or dehumanized faces and dark colors like red and black, while heroes can be linked to holy imagery through costumes. It also explains the differences between diegetic and non-diegetic sound, and linear versus non-linear narratives.
This document provides an analysis of the short film "Flash/Back" by Liam Allan. It belongs to the psychological thriller genre, following an unnamed protagonist through a mental battle involving a false reality and symbolism. The film has a classic horror-like appearance but is shot in a mellow, CCTV-like style featuring plot twists. It is aimed at older audiences and intends to thrill and provoke a critical response. It was produced using a DSLR camera on a tripod in dark locations and edited with color correction, jump cuts, and a mix of paces in post-production.
This proposal is for a psychological thriller/horror film titled "Flash/Back". The film will follow an unnamed protagonist who awakens in a sparse room that seems normal at first. However, he discovers the world is not as it should be and experiences mental struggles and dark fantasies. He questions his own existence until collapsing from stress. It is revealed he was imprisoned and subjected to fabricated realities as part of secret government mind experiments for 15 years. The film will be shot using low lighting and CCTV-style cameras to evoke negative emotions and thrill audiences. It will reference films like The Matrix and Oldboy while using techniques such as jump cuts between reality and the protagonist's imagination. Copyright and safety regulations will be considered
The document discusses the thriller and horror genres. It finds that both genres appeal primarily to older audiences due to their age ratings, though younger audiences were also drawn to video nasties in the 1980s. While the genres have largely merged, thrillers aim to excite audiences whereas horrors provoke negative emotions. Successful horrors use subtle, subliminal scares over obvious ones. Production techniques like low lighting and quick cuts are discussed.
Raster graphics are made up of pixels and have a fixed resolution, so changing their size results in quality loss. Vector graphics use mathematical equations to describe paths, lines and shapes, allowing them to be scaled freely without quality loss. Common file formats include JPEG for photos, GIF for animations, TIFF for print quality images, and PNG for images with transparency. File formats can be optimized for web use by choosing the right format, compressing size and only including necessary details. This improves loading speed without compromising quality too much.
This document summarizes and evaluates a graphic narrative project. It discusses how the final product reflects the original intentions, how images were constructed using techniques like rotoscoping, and how text was used. It evaluates whether the techniques and content were suitable for the target audience of 4-7 year old boys. The document reflects on what aspects worked well and what could be improved, such as giving characters more varied expressions.
The document discusses various narrative theories and analyzes how they apply to a children's book. It examines Vladimir Propp's character archetypes like the hero, villain, donor, and helper and finds examples of each in the book's main character George and his quest to defeat the Fun-Taker. It also analyzes Tzvetan Todorov's theories of equilibrium, disequilibrium, and new equilibrium and Claude Levi-Strauss's theory of binary opposition, finding examples of each in the story's plot points. Finally, it addresses different narrative structures and determines the story has a closed narrative structure that reaches a conclusion.
This document appears to be a listing of page numbers, with twelve pages numbered consecutively from one to twelve. The page numbers suggest it is an index or table of contents for a larger work, though no additional context is provided.
The document discusses regulation of the media in the UK by the British Board of Film Classification (BBFC). It provides details on:
- The BBFC's role in classifying and regulating films and videos in the UK.
- How the BBFC was established in 1912 by film producers to self-regulate, and the legal acts that give it power to enforce ratings.
- Two case studies that demonstrate how the BBFC applied ratings to films and considered public opinion over time.
- The student's view that some regulation of media content is necessary to protect children, but it should only apply to those under 16, and regulators should be independent and consider public opinion.
This document provides planning details for a digital graphic narrative project. It discusses considerations for the project like costs, available resources, audience, and health and safety. A production schedule is included that breaks the project into 10 sessions over 10 weeks. Each session includes specific tasks to complete pages of the graphic narrative, such as starting scenery, adding characters, and including text. Regulations and codes of practice and their importance are also summarized.
This document contains summaries of different digital graphic narrative assignments completed by Liam Allan, including shaping images, rotoscoping, creating text-based images, comic book style images, photographs exploring themes, and an illustration. For each assignment, Liam provides 1-2 sentences on what he liked about the image and 1-2 sentences on what he would improve if doing it again, focusing on adding more details, cleaning up images, and making proportions and shapes more accurate. The document also includes mind maps and proposals for a new 10-page children's storybook about a boy who dreams of becoming a pirate and wakes up aboard a pirate ship.
This document discusses the structure and ownership of the media sector. It provides definitions and examples of different types of ownership including private, public service broadcasting, multinationals, independents, conglomerates, and voluntary organizations. It also discusses challenges faced by independent and multinational media companies. Finally, it covers topics like cross media ownership, diversification, horizontal and vertical integration, and mergers and acquisitions in the media industry.
The document discusses different types of digital image file formats including raster graphics like JPEG, TIFF, GIF, and BMP which use pixels and can lose quality when resized, and vector graphics like PSD, AI, and FLA which use lines and paths and maintain quality when resized. It also covers topics like compression, which reduces file sizes but can degrade quality, and image capture methods using scanners, cameras, and graphics tablets. The document concludes with an overview of optimizing images by changing pixel amounts and bit depth to make files more suitable for different purposes.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
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A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 Inventory
Lo2 workbook
1. BTEC Extended Diploma in Creative Media Production
Unit 7: Understanding the Creative
Media Sector
Learning outcome 2:
Understand ethical and legal constraints
within the media sector
Name: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Liam Allan _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
2. BTEC Extended Diploma in Creative Media Production
Understand legal constraints in the creative media sector
Use this workbook to help you with this learning outcome. There is some guidance
and further notes which you should read and then remove, replacing it with your own
answers.
Are representations ever realistic?
Representations in media are often used in an informational context, mainly news,
they mostly concentrate on only one end of the aspects of those being represented
(positive or negative) there is rarely a middle ground of a balanced representation.
In the UK the most common is the representations of immigrants to the UK as they are
mostly represented in a negative light because there are often reports of illegal
immigration and or terrorism and barely any positive reports this has a heavy impact
on the people watching by giving them a mostly biased and in some cases racist
opinion.
What sort of things can influence the representations that we see?
People won’t all take on a representation in the same way due to their background
and personal experiences as these can and mostly do conflict with the viewpoints
shown in the representation. For instance if an article makes out students to be lazy
some parents and students will disagree due to their own first hand experience,
maybe a parent believes their child is very hard working or maybe a student believes
this of themselves.
Find an example of representation and explain what you are seeing:
I have chosen this extract from an article
entitled:
“Working-Class Kids Ask Fewer Questions In
Class, And Here's Why” –
www.huffintonpost.com/2014/09/10/working-class-students_
n_5799212.html
This is a mostly positive article with mildly
negative elements in it.
Firstly the article paints working class
parents in a negative light by implying that
they don’t really care about their child’s
education and more on them fitting into
society “emphasize obedience and
deference to teachers”. The article gives the
impression that working classes are less
intellectual as the middle class. Another
representation of the working class is that they are arrogant with knowledge “Working
class kids were more reluctant to acknowledge they were struggling” this tells the
reader that allegedly every working class child is like this which is a clear negative
representation and generalisation.
The middle class are given the upper hand treatment in their representation as they
are shown as “intellectuals” when compared to the working classes as their methods
are only focused on education as appose to respect and obedience however this is
3. BTEC Extended Diploma in Creative Media Production
clearly not that case for every single middle class child as there are still failures in
every class from working to upper. Middle classes are also shown to be more useful
than working classes “Middle class children were more likely to get involved in
classroom problems” a clear positive representation as this shows them to be better
than the working classes and gives them a feeling of self-importance.
Overall the representations are completely different based on which class you observe
within the article
How many categories of word do Ofcom have? Explain each one.
Ofcom have three different categories based on the “strength” of words they are: A, B
and B and these are for any words which are believed to cause any level of offense to
those viewing. The three lists are not just complied of straight out swear words but
also include words which carry a negative connotation or may cause any level of
unease. For instance “god” and “Jesus Christ” are in a list amongst stronger words
due to respect of peoples religion as the uses of these words can often be received in
a negative light.
Why does Ofcom have this list of words? Do you think there should be
restrictions on when certain words can be used?
Ofcom have the list of words in order to release content that would not be deemed
offensive to anyone, however not everyone will be offended by the words being
removed due to certain aspects such as: age, background etc. For instance a parent
is more likely to be offended by a swear word that their child due to the difference in
mental maturity.
However the general public seem to be getting more desensitized to material
considered offensive as time goes on, an example is:
“When the Sex Pistols appeared on Bill Grundy's teatime ITV chat show and filled the air
with four-letter words, a public outcry forced the interviewer into early retirement. More
recently, 10 million ITV viewers saw John Lydon use the C-word and fewer than 100
complained.” - http://www.theguardian.com/media/2010/jun/09/public-relaxed-over-tv-swearing
I believe this to be due to the widespread access to the internet and social networking
as it is highly likely to run into an offensive or swear word that would normally be
censored by Ofcom as there are no guidelines in place for the internet. The Sex
Pistols incident (as mentioned above) occurred in 1976 whereas the John Lydon
incident (also above) happened in 2004, that is a 28 year gap and with technology as
it is 10 years later a large amount of people (mostly younger) have migrated to the
internet for entertainment as appose to the Television so guidelines will become more
and more irrelevant as time goes on.
The vast majority of people who complain to Ofcom are parents concerned for the
wellbeing of their children as shown here:
“Would you be bothered if you were watching with
% saying they would be bothered
Children 89
Mother 32
Grandparents 24
Father 22
Female friends 20
Male friends 15” -
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http://www.ofcom.org.uk/static/archive/bsc/pdfs/research/Bad_lang.pdf
In conclusion I believe that these guidelines should be in places as the people
most concerned are parents with what I assume to be younger children as appose
to older as well as older people and both of these groups are more likely to be
offended instead of the other groups who are not viewing the content.
Why does the NUJ produce language guidelines?
The NUJ is the National Union of Journalists and they have guidelines in place to
ensure that current events are reported in an inoffensive and unbiased manner. One
practice to achieve this is changing the wordings of descriptions, for instance when
reporting on immigration those in the NUJ are not allowed to describe it as “a flood of
immigrants” as this is seen as this is seen as exaggerating fear and prejudice. NUJ
guidelines are set in place to remove any reports/wordings that come across as
derogatory or degrading to people who are involved or had a similar experience.
Should we protect groups of people by putting in place guidelines on how we
talk about them?
I believe we should have guidelines in place as these will prevent leaving a bad mark
on the public opinion of people and or their background.
The most obvious is example is that of people’s race as thanks to mainly negative
representations a large amount of UK residents see immigrants as lazy and draining
on the UK, this is clearly not the case for everyone. To tackle this the NUJ have added
rules on race such as:
“Do not assume a cultural background from a person's name – check with them or their
community.”
And
“Only include a person's race if relevant. Check that you have it right. Would you mention
race if the person was white?” - http://www.nuj.org.uk/news/updated-nuj-race-reporting-guidelines/
These guidelines exist in order to prevent racism being developed by people through
the mass media as it can completely alter mind states and view. Another group of
people who are being protected by guidelines are LGBT, they are protected in the
sense that certain terminologies and explanations are prohibited such as the word
“homosexual” is not allowed use outside of scientific and or clinical reports as it
connotes homosexuality as a physiological disorder.
I believe these guidelines are essential in keeping groups of people protected from a
negative reputation in the public eye. As mentioned earlier media is a powerful
medium and if used incorrectly can lead to misinformation and or people shown in a
negative light, if we go to the extreme we can see why propaganda is so successful in
totalitarian states as by using certain wording to degrade a select country/people you
can completely alter peoples mind states.
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There are 3 ways in which a broadcaster can make it easier for people with a
disability to access its programmes. What are they?
1 – Audio Subtitles: Text shown at the bottom of the programme being shown, these
are ideal for those deaf or hard of hearing. Only available for scripted or pre-recorded
material however.
2 – Audio Description: This is a separate audio track which contains an audio
description of what is appearing on the screen to help viewers visualise the scenes.
Used by people who are visually impaired
3 – Sign Language: Often on repeats of programmes this practice is known as signing
and it includes a person in the bottom left or right of the screen translating the script
into sign language which is also used by those hard of hearing.
Who ensures that broadcasters are making their programmes accessible? What
are the consequences for broadcasters if they do not meet their accessibility
requirements?
Ofcom ensure that all providers of television implement some form of indication that a
programme shown has different accessibility means. For instance on Sky TV when
the information button is pressed there is an S or AD next to the name to signify
subtitles or audio description is available.
BT had not implemented the acronyms into BT Vision when Ofcom had revisited the
accessibility act in 2011 and as stated:
“BT Vision has said that it will ensure that signed programmes
are also indicated
with the standard acronym on the new platform to which
subscribers will be migrated later
this year” -
http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/broadcast/other-codes/
2010-epg-report.pdf
Ofcom says later on in the report that they will keep looking into BT until this problem
is fixed.
Why do we have codes of practice?
We have codes of practice to keep order in organisation and to keep up a good
standing reputation. The BBC states that:
“The intention of the Code is to ensure that relations between the BBC
and independent producers are conducted on a fair and transparent
basis.” - http://www.bbc.co.uk/commissioning/tv/how-we-work/business-requirements/
code-of-practice.shtml
This shows us that not only are codes of practice in place to keep a hard working
business but to also put your company in a good light to others. With the BBC being
the UK’s primary media outlet there are many codes of practice in place to ensure that
the work is meeting deadline, meets standards etc.
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Use one code of practice and investigate it in detail:
I have chosen the BBC’s code of practice this is for their production team and cover a
whole load of practices across the board from their rights of channels to programming
prices the code was agreed on by BBC and Ofcom collectively and lays down the
rules for the BBC when connected to public television.
This code of practice is in place for business actions within the BBC. The code begins
with the commissioning guidelines which states that the BBC is responsible for
commissioning independent material as it is the country’s major television station so it
commissions both in-house and independent material, an example of this is with the
programme “The Mighty Boosh” it first made its appearance on radio and then the
BBC commissioned a TV series to be made.
The second are is editorial control which states that the BBC gets the final cut on
material to be put out in the BBC’s name from TV series to website articles.
Thirdly we have the rights section which states that the BBC’s intentions are to secure
rights it needs for fee funded services.
The fourth only concerns cross platform availability.
The fifth section covers programme pricings which cover what the BBC is willing to
pay out. The amount paid out is determined on a wide range of aspects such as
budget, value, etc.
Number six and seven also adds to the programme pricings rules.
The ninth section of the code covers the arrangement of business affairs and say they
will arrange affairs in a “timely and professional manner”,
Number ten discusses terms of trade for independent productions which is the same
to all independent productions.
The eleventh covers dispute resolution which states that should there be a dispute
between BBC and an independent producer arise then the producer should take it to a
director of disputes and it will be settled that way.
The twelfth section regards equal opportunities and ethical standards and these
responsibilities are as clear as they sound they also include the health and safety
rules.
What is the Broadcasting Act and what did it do?
The broadcast act was introduced in 1990 with the intention of reforming the entire
British broadcasting structure.
The first thing that occurred was the introduction of a fifth television channel as well as
making ITV give 25 percent of its production to independent companies. All of ITV’s
franchises were put up for sale due to this act.
The act is seen as both good and bad by certain people, obviously you have the
people who worked in ITV who criticized the act however on the other end you have
people like Rupert Murdoch who’s ambitions were heightened by this act, no matter
which way you look at the act there’s no denying that it has changed the way the UK
broadcasts material drastically.
What is the Official Secrets Act?
The official secrets act was introduced in 1989 and gives people the right to keep
information supressed.
Journalists use the act to their advantage as if they have ties with people on the inside
of a secretive company for example they can interview them but keep their identity a
secret, however if this is seen as a threat to national security then the journalists are
forced to reveal their sources.
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Find an example of when it has been used and explain why it was used and
what the outcome was.
The secrets act was to be used by Scotland Yard against the Guardian as they had
reported that the mobile of Milly Dowler, a murdered teenager, was hacked by private
investors take on by News of the World who deleted messages from the phone to give
the police false hope she was still alive.
The act however was not used against the guardian as:
“The decision comes following heavy criticism of the force’s attempt to make the
Guardian, and one of its journalists, hand over information which would have
revealed the source of many of the newspaper’s phone hacking stories.” -
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/phone-hacking/8777717/Phone-
Hacking-Scotland-Yard-drops-Official-Secrets-Act-bid-against-Guardian.html
The article later on says that the use of the secrets act could threaten press freedom
so in some cases the secrets act cannot be used to good (or any) effect.
Should we have an Official Secrets Act?
I believe the secrets act should not exist as the act clearly states that the accused can
only be forced to reveal information so long as the information is potentially harmful to
national security. The phone hacking scandal had been happing for at least 12 years
and due to the secrets act it was unable to be revealed until it was reported on by the
Guardian.
However on the other side of the spectrum there are people whose identities need to
be protected if they are giving interviews for instance if the person being interviewed
has close ties with a person involved in crime then they cannot be identified and the
secrets act helps to ensure this is the case.
In conclusion I am very much of the opinion that the Secrets act should not exist
because as mentioned earlier it has done more harm then help.
What is the Obscene Publications 1959 and what is its definition of obscenity?
This act reformed the laws of things seen as obscene and this act relates to anything
from Television shows to personal Facebook posts and condemns any material seen
as obscene.
The definition of obscene Is
“offensive to morality or decency; indecent; deprave” -
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/obscene
The obscene publications act was brought in due to the publication of the Schoolkids
Oz which was issue 28 of the Oz magazine and as stated in the definition included
indecent imagery and thus sparked the act.
Give an example of a recent case involving the act (1990 onwards). What
happened, who was involved and what was the outcome?
8. BTEC Extended Diploma in Creative Media Production
In 2008 Darryn Walker a civil servant, was charged under the obscene publications
act due to a work of fiction he wrote on the internet surrounding pop group Girl’s
Aloud, he was charged and set a trial date in 2009. The story at hand was posted on
an erotic fiction website “Alt.Sex.Stories” which is based in New Jersey meaning the
owner of the site could not be punished by the UK police but as the author was
identified to be a UK citizen he could be punished.
The trail however was abandoned on what was said to be the first day due to false
allegations that said the story was available to younger fans of Girl’s Aloud but was
shown that it could only be accessed by those of age.
What is the Video Recordings Act? Why was the Video Recordings Act
introduced?
The Video Recordings Act happened in 1984 brought in the law that if a commercial
recording is to be sold then it must carry an age classification which has been agreed
on by the BBFC. The act also states that the sale of content to anyone under the
specified age is a legal offense. This act was put in place due to the 80s “video
nasties” which were video tapes being sold commercially that contained grotesque
and or gory material either for plot or just because It was possible. The act of course
cleaned out the sale of “video nasties” in the 80s however as time has progressed the
films have aged and are available today on DVD with of course the appropriate age
rating.
What were some of the films that were prosecuted by the Director of Public
Prosecution?
Cannibal Holocaust (1980) – This film was prosecuted on the account it showed the
actual deaths of animals as well as the graphic murders of people which at the time
were believed to be legitimate. Released in 2001 with 6 minutes cut, then released
again in 2011 with only 15 seconds cut
Snuff (1976) – The film was advertised as showing actual deaths on camera of
actresses on camera and sparked up the urban legend of snuff films. The film was
banned and has never since been released in the UK
Faces of Death (1978) – This film was so controversial due to the fact it prided itself
on showing real life deaths of people. People who worked on the film later came out to
say the film is about half fake half real. Released with animal cruelty scenes removed
in 2003
There thirty six other films that were prosecuted by Public Prosecution however these
are the few that left behind the biggest legacies.
What is the equality act?
The equality act was introduced in 2010 and legally protects people from
discrimination in the UK, it saw previously separate discrimination laws be
consolidated into one act this helped simplify and strengthen the laws by making them
more publically available.
The act has seen improvements to all walks of life from aids in education to political
diversity.
What are the 9 protected characteristics?
9. BTEC Extended Diploma in Creative Media Production
Age – Part of the act to prevent discrimination, harassment etc. based on age for
example treating somebody in a more negative manner based on their age.
Disability – An example of disability discrimination is if an employer was given
somebody with a disability and then pays them differently or disregards them
completely.
Gender Reassignment – When a person changes their gender by medical means the
same rules apply as with the other characteristics
Marital Status – Directly discriminated when someone who is in a civil partnership is
treated in a more negative manner than someone who is single or married and vice
versa
Pregnancy – When a person could be disregarded for a job, position, etc. because of
their pregnancy.
Race – Unfortunately the most common form of discrimination racism Is either
harassing or discriminating against people because of their race.
Religion/Belief – Basing opinions/ impressions on somebody based upon their beliefs.
Sex – Sexism is the act of disregarding or harassing somebody dependent on their
sex.
Sexual Orientation – Not as common amongst straight people but sadly homophobia
is the more common form of discrimination against sexual orientation. This means
harassing, discriminating or disregarding somebody depending on the sexual
orientation.
Can you find an example of a case involving the equality act? What happened
and what was the outcome?
In 2010 it was revealed that in Birmingham female workers were getting paid less
than male workers across around 50 different jobs.
This was a clear breach of the equality act’s sex characteristic. There was a seven
week hearing and proof was shown by a man who was doing the same job as a
woman yet earning up to three times as much as her.
The outcome was that the Birmingham council would have to pay out the money owed
to women as well as up their salaries to equal those of men, clear proof that the
Equality Act is working.
What protects people from journalists invading their privacy?
The NUJ have a set of guidelines that journalists must follow, one of which is that
they do nothing that would mean intruding on people’s private lives their personal
affairs etc.
However the NUJ rules only apply to newspaper that are a part of them so for other
journalists outside the NUJ there are only the standard laws in their way.
Find a privacy case and explain who was involved, what happened and what the
outcome was.
In December of 2013 One Direction singer Harry Styles won a court case against
paparazzi who were invading his privacy by pursing him in street and waiting outside
him home. Styles asked the photographers to stop but this did not change their
behaviour so it was taken to court and it led to the paparazzi not being allowed to
loiter within 50m of the singers house as well as not being allowed to follow him.
What areas does the Copyright and Intellectual Property law cover?
10. BTEC Extended Diploma in Creative Media Production
The law covers any type of published/distributed work be it independent or
mainstream work is automatically copyrighted by UK law. This means no one else
(unless given your permission) can use your work in order to gain profit.
Why is copyright important to the creative media sector?
When work is made it belongs to that artists/producer therefore all earnings go to
them and those involved, so when work is plagiarised it is almost like theft in a sense
that earnings are being “stole” by an outside artist.
A famous example is when American guitarist Joe Satrani claimed his song “If I Could
Fly” had been plagiarized by Coldplay with their song Viva La Vida, the case went to
court and the outcome was seen as merely an “eerie coincidence” the case was
dismissed by the court and both met with an out of court agreement.
What is libel? What must you be able to prove to win a libel case?
Libel is the use of misinformation surrounding a person that has been
published/broadcast on any media platform from radio to newspaper. In order to win a
libel case proof must be made to disprove the statement at hand. For example if a
statement Is made about a person’s background, for instance place of birth, the
person must represent proof of where they were born in order to disprove the libellous
quote and therefore win the case.
Find an example (not the one you were given in the lecture) of a libel case.
Andrew Mitchell is a former cabinet minister at Dowling Street and was accused of
swearing a police officer and calling them all “plebs” this incident was known as
“Plebgate” and saw Mitchell appeal that he was libelled in the fact he did not call
police officers “plebs”. Mitchell lost the libel case as there was insufficient evidence to
prove it. Mitchell later apologised for his actions but still believes he was libelled.