The document discusses various wildlife sanctuaries and national parks in India. It provides information on the definition and purpose of wildlife sanctuaries and national parks. It then describes some of the major national parks in India, including Corbett National Park, Kanha National Park, Bandhavgarh National Park, Ranthambore National Park, Sundarbans National Park, Kaziranga National Park, Gir Forest National Park, and others. It provides details on the location, wildlife, and features of each of these national parks.

1. WILDLIFE CENTURIES
&
NATIONAL PARK
Course: LLB
Subject: Environment Law
Unit: 5

2. Wildlife Sancturies
• wildlife sanctuary, is a naturally occurring sanctuary,
such as an island, that provides protection for species
from hunting predation or competition.
• An international organization, the
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN),
and its World Commission on Protected Areas, has
defined “Wildlife Sanctuary" as its Category IV type of
protected areas.
• The sanctuaries are generally the safe havens, where
the resident animals are given the opportunity to
behave as naturally as possible in a protective
environment and maintaining each animal until his or
her natural death.

3. Wildlife Sancturies
• India's wildlife is rich and diverse, almost 4 % of
India's land is under forests.
• India has over 442 animal sanctuaries, referred to
as Wildlife sanctuaries .
• The wildlife sanctuaries in India are home to
around two thousand different species of birds,
3500 species of mammals, nearly 30000 different
kinds of insects and more than 15000 varieties of
plants.
• These sanctuaries and forest reserves are home
to several endangered species of animals and
birds like the Asiatic Elephant, the
Royal Bengal tiger, the Snow Leopard and the
Siberian Crane

4. National Park
• An international organization, the
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN),
and its World Commission on Protected Areas, has
defined "National Park" as its Category II type of
protected areas.
• “One or several ecosystems not materially altered by
human exploitation and occupation, where plant and
animal species, geo-morphological sites and habitats
are of special scientific, educational, and recreational
interest or which contain a natural landscape of great
beauty.”
• According to the IUCN, there were 6,555 national
parks worldwide in 2006 that meet its criteria.

5. National Park
• A national park is a park in use for conservation purposes.
Often it is a reserve of natural, semi-natural, or developed
land that a country declares or owns.
• Although individual nations designate their own national
parks differently, there is a common idea: the conservation
of wild nature for posterity and as a symbol of national
pride.
• National Parks are almost always open to visitors. Most
national parks provide outdoor recreation and camping
opportunities as well as classes designed to educate the
public on the importance to educate the public on the
importance of the conservation and the natural wonders of
the land in which the national park is located.

6. National Park
• The National Park in India helps us to know the
unknown treasures of wildlife hidden in the
sanctuaries all around India.
• India's first national park was Jim Corbett National
Park established in 1936.
• There are more than 166 authorized national parks
in India till date.
• The forest and wild life sanctuary areas, which fall
on the borders of states, are protected for security
reasons.
• There are five major national parks, which can help
you get a closer encounter of any kind of wildlife.
.

7. Corbett National
Park
• Location : Uttarakhand.
• India's one of the first and well-known national park
for tigers.
• The park had a large area, which is divided, into
five zones.
• First zone, Jhirna, is open to public all around the
year and other zones are closed during monsoon.
• The elephant safari's inside the park are exciting
and gives a close and safe trip inside the dense
forest .
• the Dhikala zone is best spots to enjoy wildlife.

8. Kanha National Park
• Location : Madhya Pradesh.
• It's a dense and rich area of bamboo forests .
• It has beautiful lakes, running streams and wide
grasslands.
• It is a large park and known for research and
conservation programs to preserve many
endangered species like white tiger,
hippopotamus.
• The park has a significant population of Royal
Bengal Tiger, leopards, the sloth bear,
Barasingha and Indian wild dog.

9. Bandhavgarh National
Park
• Location : Madhya Pradesh.
• It has highest population of tigers than any other
parks in India.
• It is best for its scenic surrounding, the dense
and eye capturing valleys and beautiful rocky
terrain and an ancient fort.
• It is one of the best location to spot tigers and a
variety of birds and wildlife.
• The park has a large breeding population of
leopards, and various species of deer.

10. Ranthombore National
Park
• Location : Rajasthan.
• It is located at the junction between the Aravali
Hill ranges and the Vindhyan plateau.
• It’s scenic surrounding guide you through the
forest and 10th century fort amidst the cliffs.
• It serves as a rich heritage of various plants and
animals.
• It has a huge number of tigers.
• A good time to visit Ranthombore National Park
is in November and May when the nature of the
dry deciduous forests makes sightings common.

11. Sunderban National
Park
• Location : West Bengal.
• Sunderbans is a dense mangrove forest which is
unique and magnificent place to visit.
• It includes 54 island and extends to the near-by
Bangladesh.
• It is a wide swamp which can be explored only
using boats.
• Its a refuge for migrating birds and a reserve for
rare and preserved wildlife .
• It is one of the largest reserves for the Bengal
tiger.

12. Kaziranga National
Park
• Location : Assam.
• A World Heritage Site, the park hosts two-thirds
of the world's Great One-horned Rhinoceroses.
• Located on the edge of the Eastern
Himalaya biodiversity hotspot, the park combines
high species diversity and visibility.
• Kaziranga boasts the highest density
of tigers among protected areas in the world.
• The park is home to large breeding populations
of elephants, wild water buffalo, and swamp
deer.

13. Gir Forest National
Park
• Location : Gujarat.
• Established in 1965, with a total area of 1412 km²
(about 258 km² for the fully protected area
(the national park) and 1153 km² for the Sanctuary).
• It is the sole home of the Asiatic Lions and is
considered to be one of the most important protected
areas in Asia due to its supported species.
• The ecosystem of Gir, with its diverse flora and fauna,
is protected as a result of the efforts of the
government forest department,
wildlife activists and NGOs.

14. Valmiki National Park
• Location : Bihar.
• Valmiki Tiger Reserve (VTR) is one of the
natural virgin recesses in east India.
• The pristine forest and wilderness of VTR is an
excellent example of Himalayan Terai landscape.
• The wild mammals found in the forest of VTR are
tiger, Rhinoceros, Black bear, Leopard, Wild dog,
wild buffalo, wild boar etc

15. Bandipur National Park
• Location : Karnataka.
• A potential new UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• A vital tiger preservation area, lies within the
state of Karnataka and links with Mudumalai
National Park in the state of Tamil Nadu.
• Apart from tigers, the park features leopards,
elephants, sloth bears, wild boars and wild dogs.

16. Bannerghatta National Park
• Location : Karnataka.
• It is situated 22 km south of Bangalore
• This place is home to one of the richest
natural zoological reserves.
• The country's first Butterfly Park was
established in the Bannerghatta Biological Park.
• Apart from tigers, the park features leopards,
elephants, sloth bears, wild boars and wild
dogs.

17. Blackbuck National Park
• Location : Gujarat.
• It is situated 72 km from the district
headquarter city of Bhavnagar.
• It was primarily a "vidi" (grassland) of
the Maharaja of the princely state of Bhavnagar.
• Flat land, dry grasses and herds
of antelopes have always attracted visitors to
this park which has a unique grassland
ecosystem.
• Today, the largest population of Blackbuck,
Wolf and Lesser Florican (a bustard) has been
sustained in this park.

18. Nokrek National Park
• Location : Meghalaya.
• UNESCO added this National park to its list
of Biosphere Reserve.
• Nokrek has a remnant population of the Red
panda that has generated curiosity across the
world.
• The area is noted for its wild varieties of citrus
fruits that provide a gene-pool for commercially
produced citrus.
• Siju Cave is located very close to the Napak
Lake, is filled with water and is miles long.

19. Betla National Park
• Location : Jharkhand.
• One of the first national parks in India to become
a tiger reserve under Project Tiger .
• Inside the park, there are waterfalls and hot
springs, along with two historical forts.
• Tigers, Sloth Bear, Panther, Wild Bear and Wolf
are predators, and Jackal and hyena are
common scavengers.

20. References
1. 1.
International Union for Conservation of Nature
(IUCN),
2. Shyam Diwan, Armin Rosencranz,
Environmental Law & Policy in India
3. P. Leelakrishnan, The Environmental Law in
India
4. Dr.P.S.Jaswal, Environmental Law
5. S.K.Nanda, Environmental Law, 2007

21. THANKS
TO
EVERYONE